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The Cold war &
The 1950sUnit 16
Post WWII events…the conferencesTehran Conference (1943): Allies agreed to split Germany after warBretton Woods Conference (1944): Allies agreed to set up IMF and an international
monetary system after warYalta Conference (Feb. 1945): Stalin wants to expand soviet empire U.S. calls for the creation of the U.N.
Post WWII events…the conferencesPotsdam Conference (July 1945): U.S. calls for free elections in all of Europe;
Stalin rejects All agree to hold criminal trials for war crimes
Discuss… How will these conferences shape a post
war world?
The Cold war begins…US diplomatic actionsDefine and evaluate each of the followingAtomic Diplomacy (1945-1949)Truman Doctrine (1947)Marshall Plan (1947)Containment (1947)Berlin airlift (1948)
New Alliances 1945: Creation of the United Nations 1949: Formation of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) 1955: Warsaw Pact signed
Arms Race 1949: Soviets test first atomic bomb 1952: UK test first atomic bomb 1952: US tests first Hydrogen bomb 1953: Soviets test first Hydrogen bomb
Results…Introduction of Mutually Assured Destruction
Atomic Bomb figures WW II ATOMIC BOMBS:
1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS
1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3
MEGATONS 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF
NUCLEAR WEAPONRY
20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE
Korean War (1950-1953) 1949: North Korea becomes Communist 1950: North Koreans invade South Korea N. Korea pushes south to Pusan MacArthur takes US/UN forces north to Chinese border Chinese push US and S. Korea south to Pusan border 1953: Armistice signed…38th parallel settled as the
border
Post War Economy Lack of wartime products causes a brief
recession (1948-1950) Major disputes over labor 1944: GI Bill passed…
Aid for education, home purchasing, small business loans
Short term impact? Long term impact?
1950s economyMajor boost in GDP and GNP fueled by: Government & Defense spending
1940: 1.6 billion (17.5% of fed budget) 1960: 48.1 billion (52.2% of fed budget)
Growth of the middle class 1955: 60% of pop
Consumerism Impact: Service industries received largest boost
1950s economyHow will the economic progress impact: American politics American families American education
1950s society Baby boom
1945 US Pop: 139 million 1950 US Pop: 152 million
The American family…how has the role of women changed since the days of WWII?
1950s society Consumerism
Housing Suburban sprawl…Levittowns TV Materialism (McDonalds)
Impact on society and politics? Elvis (link 1 & link 2)…notice the
difference?
1950s Politics…Eisenhower “We like Ike” WWII hero and 1st 5 star General Policies:
Interstate highway system Balance the budget Stabilize the economy Build up for cold war Control labor unions
1950s Politics…McCarthyism
A hunt for “card carrying communists”
The Congressional Committee targeted people suspected of being members of the communist party Publicly humiliated innocents citizens Very harsh on Hollywood
Space Race Key questions:1. What fueled the race to space?2. How did US react to Sputnik?3. Why has the US cut back on their space
program?
The Space Race 1957: Russians launch Sputnik 1958: NASA begins training for the Mercury
7 project April 12 1961: Russians launch Yuri
Gagarin into space May 5 1961: US launch Alan Sheppard into
space
Space Race Key questions:1. What fueled the race to space?2. How did US react to Sputnik?3. Why has the US cut back on their space
program?