THE COLD WAR

Unit EQ – What were the causes, main events, & effects of the Cold War and how did it affect American culture in the 1950s?

The “Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill

The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union

EasternEuropeanCountries

Stay independent;support nations thatresist communism

Under control of Stalin

Truman Doctrine:Aid nations fightingagainst communism

Satellite states;nations are independent

but under control of USSR

Goal Goal

Term Term

The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union

Communismand itsspread

Stop spread of communism

Spread communismbeyond

Eastern Europe

Containment:keep communism

containedwithin its

existing borders

Goal Goal

Term

The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union

WesternEuropeanCountries

Aid Europeannations & help reduce

famine and poverty

Capture WestBerlin by closing all

highways, railways, &waterway traffic

Marshall Plan:offered aid to W European

nations after WWII

Goal Goal

Term

Berlin Airlift:US/British planes airliftedsupplies to West Berlinduring Soviet blockade

Term

Marshall Plan (1948)

• a.k.a. European Recovery Program

• American program to give economic support to help rebuild Europe after WWII

The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union

MilitaryAlliances

Form militaryalliance to counterSoviet expansion

Form allianceof communist nations for

protection if attacked

NATO:collective security

againstcommunist attack

Goal Goal

TermWarsaw Pact:

USSR & satellite states, defend

each otherif attacked

Term

Defense Alliances

NATO (1949)

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Original members:• US, United Kingdom,

France, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal

WARSAW PACT (1955)

•Member countries:•USSR, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania

Blue – NATO

Red - Warsaw

Primary Source Activity• Complete individually!

Berlin Wall Art Berlin Wall Art • Create a piece of artwork to put on Our “Berlin” Wall

• It must have your name on the top left corner of your half sheet (can be horizontal or vertical)

• It must be APPROPRIATE – no profanity or inappropriate pictures, jokes, etc.• Let your artwork be a STATEMENT about YOU or YOUR

BELIEFS/INTERESTS

• This is a grade, and it will be added to the Wall

The Wall: A World Divided

• Answer the questions as you watch the documentary

• The documentary will go beyond our time period, through the end of the Cold War (early 1990s)

THE EXPANDING COLD WAR

EQ – What methods did the U.S. use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union?

The Arms Race

•September 2, 1949: Soviet Union set off an atomic bomb•US is no longer the lone world nuclear power

•This set off an arms race between the United States & Soviet Union…•US and Soviet Union compete to make & build up more powerful weapons

America’s solution

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

DUCK and COVER – Duh!

This seems RIDICULOUS, by why do you think the government created this initiative?

• Both nations stockpiled nuclear warheads, leading to the idea of Mutually assured destruction…• Both nations have weapons so powerful that they could destroy each other, thereby preventing each other from attacking

• Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev takes power

• Khrushchev & Eisenhower slowly move toward a “peaceful co-existence”

• Congress creates the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947

• The CIA is an intelligence-gathering organization that worked to protect American interests abroad

Eisenhower did respond to growing Soviet influence in the Middle East with the Eisenhower Doctrine…

•The US will use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism

The Cold War spreads to outer space•Americans had believed US technology was superior to the Soviets•However, in 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, a small satellite sent to space;

In response, the US established NASA…•Organization to coordinate space-related efforts of American scientists and the military

The Korean War

Think – Pair – Share

•Think back to the North Korea Documentary.

• (1) Why was there a conflict between North and South Korea?

• (2) Why did the U.S. get involved?• (3) What was the result of the War?

Korean War in a nutshell…

Why is the US even getting involved?

CONTAINMENT!

•Korea ruled by Japan from 1920 until Japan surrenders in WWII in 1945

• America divides Korea along 38th parallel (Potsdam Conference):

• US occupies South• USSR occupies North (under leadership of Kim Il-sung)

Korean War… in a Nutshell

June 1950 – July 1953

•North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) supported by China and the Soviet Union

•South Korea (Republic of Korea) supported by the UN

Vs.

Let’s let the Internet teach us…

• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-orders-us-forces-to-korea

Counterattack atInchon

Death toll for the Korean War:-Over 36,000 Americans-Over 600,000 Chinese-Over 2 million Korean soldiersand civilians

Luxembourg - 7

Norway (noncombat role)

South Africa - 20

United States – 37,000

New Zealand - 31

Philippines - 92

South Korea – 137,899

Sweden (noncombat role)

Thailand - 136

Turkey - 721

United Kingdom – 1,078

United Nations - 932,964 troops served

Netherlands - 116Australia - 339

Belgium - 97

Canada - 516

Colombia - 146

Denmark (noncombat role)

Ethiopia - 122

France - 287

Greece - 194

India (noncombat role)

Italy (noncombat role)

United Nations Forces in Korea: (Nation – Number Killed in Action)

Troops patrol the DMZ