The ColoniesThe Colonies

Explain the development of the Explain the development of the American colonies and their role American colonies and their role in shaping the future of the North in shaping the future of the North

and Southand South

The First AttemptThe First Attempt

Roanoke Island-Roanoke Island- “Lost “Lost Colony” founded in Colony” founded in 1585 by Sir Walter 1585 by Sir Walter RaleighRaleigh

Re-supply group Re-supply group arrives in 1590 and arrives in 1590 and find nobody there and find nobody there and only the words only the words “Croatoan” “Croatoan”

An English Settlement An English Settlement at Jamestownat Jamestown

The The first permanent English settlementfirst permanent English settlement in North America is founded at in North America is founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

The Business of ColonizationThe Business of Colonization Joint-stock companiesJoint-stock companies——investors fund investors fund

colony, get profitscolony, get profits In 1607, Virginia Company sends 150 In 1607, Virginia Company sends 150

people to found people to found JamestownJamestown

Wrong way to do the jobWrong way to do the jobA Disastrous StartA Disastrous Start•• Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and

hunger. Most of the colonist were from wealthy hunger. Most of the colonist were from wealthy families not used to working for themselves.families not used to working for themselves.

•• John Smith-John Smith- takes over leadership after the colony takes over leadership after the colony begins to collapsebegins to collapse.. Forced colonists to farm; gets Forced colonists to farm; gets help from Powhatan Native Americans.help from Powhatan Native Americans.

•• Time of Starvation-Time of Starvation-(1609) 600 colonists arrive; (1609) 600 colonists arrive;

Powhatan destroy farms; “starving time”Powhatan destroy farms; “starving time”

We’re SavedWe’re Saved““Brown Gold”Brown Gold” - - Tobacco becomes profitable; export Tobacco becomes profitable; export

1.5 million pounds by late 1620s1.5 million pounds by late 1620s. .

Headright systemHeadright system- - purchaser of passage gets 50 purchaser of passage gets 50 acres—lures settlers by the thousands to Virginia.acres—lures settlers by the thousands to Virginia.

Indentured servantsIndentured servants- - work 4–7 years for free work 4–7 years for free passage to the new worldpassage to the new world

1619 a Year of 11619 a Year of 1stst The House of Burgess-The House of Burgess- established in established in

Virginia it is the 1Virginia it is the 1stst representative assembly in representative assembly in the America’sthe America’s

WomenWomen-- begin to arrive in Virginia to begin to arrive in Virginia to establish familiesestablish families

AfricansAfricans-- the first indentured Africans arrive, the first indentured Africans arrive, over the next 100 years plantation farming over the next 100 years plantation farming makes this into slavery.makes this into slavery.

Fun while it lastedFun while it lasted Bankruptcy-Bankruptcy- 1624 the Virginia company is broke and King 1624 the Virginia company is broke and King

James of England seizes the colony and turns it into a James of England seizes the colony and turns it into a ROYAL COLONY. ROYAL COLONY.

Settlers vs. Native Americans-Settlers vs. Native Americans- with the increasing amount of with the increasing amount of settlers the Powhatans begin to wage war on them to reclaim settlers the Powhatans begin to wage war on them to reclaim land.land.

English views on intermarriage-English views on intermarriage- seen as disgusting and seen as disgusting and frowned upon last one was between Pocahontas and John frowned upon last one was between Pocahontas and John Rolfe.Rolfe.

Rich versus PoorRich versus PoorHostilities DevelopHostilities Develop

1. Former indentured 1. Former indentured people settle frontier, people settle frontier, cannot vote, pay high taxescannot vote, pay high taxes

2. Frontier settlers battle 2. Frontier settlers battle natives; tension between natives; tension between frontier settlers wealthy frontier settlers wealthy landownerslandowners

3. Governor refuses to give 3. Governor refuses to give money to help frontier fight money to help frontier fight local nativeslocal natives

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon raises army to fight raises army to fight natives natives on frontier (1676)on frontier (1676)

Governor calls Bacon’s Governor calls Bacon’s army illegal; Bacon army illegal; Bacon sets fire to Jamestownsets fire to Jamestown

New England Colonies MapNew England Colonies Map

Puritan New EnglandPuritan New EnglandPuritansPuritans-- religious group, want to purify Church of religious group, want to purify Church of

England. King James feels threatened and begins England. King James feels threatened and begins arresting and killing Puritans.arresting and killing Puritans.

Separatists-Separatists- they feel the Church of England is they feel the Church of England is corrupt and need to start over in a new landcorrupt and need to start over in a new land..

Mayflower-Mayflower- In 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape In 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape

persecution. Not everyone is a Puritan half of them persecution. Not everyone is a Puritan half of them are there for the chance to get land and strike it richare there for the chance to get land and strike it rich..

Mayflower Compact-Mayflower Compact- this is an agreement between the this is an agreement between the men on the ship that they will follow the will of the men on the ship that they will follow the will of the majority. majority.

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony Founder-Founder- William Bradford in 1620 William Bradford in 1620

This is a Pilgrim colony with Puritans.This is a Pilgrim colony with Puritans.

First Winter-First Winter- Almost ½ of the Pilgrims died Almost ½ of the Pilgrims died during the first winter and in reality are saved during the first winter and in reality are saved by Native Americans. by Native Americans.

Thanksgiving Feast-Thanksgiving Feast- This is a total lie told by This is a total lie told by Americans. Americans.

The Massachusetts Bay CompanyThe Massachusetts Bay Company

John WinthropJohn Winthrop-is Puritan colony’s first governor and founder in 1630.-is Puritan colony’s first governor and founder in 1630. Reason for founding-Reason for founding- In 1620’s persecution of their religion grows and In 1620’s persecution of their religion grows and

the Puritans get permission for a colony charter. the Puritans get permission for a colony charter.

Great Migration-Great Migration- over 15,000 colonist travel to New England for religious over 15,000 colonist travel to New England for religious freedom and found the city of Boston.freedom and found the city of Boston.

Puritan Thinking-Puritan Thinking- Puritan leaders did not like anyone who questioned Puritan leaders did not like anyone who questioned their authority or religious teachings and disagreement would lead to a their authority or religious teachings and disagreement would lead to a banishment from the colony.banishment from the colony.

Government-Government- Religious leaders were government leaders.Religious leaders were government leaders.

The Other New England ColoniesThe Other New England Colonies

Because of the treatment of “rebel” thinkers Because of the treatment of “rebel” thinkers several colonies are created out of several colonies are created out of

Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

Rhode IslandRhode Island Founder-Founder- Roger Williams in 1636. He is chased Roger Williams in 1636. He is chased

out of Massachusetts for believing out of Massachusetts for believing

Major difference with Rhode Island and the other Major difference with Rhode Island and the other Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies

1.1. Roger Williams Roger Williams negotiated with the Native negotiated with the Native Americans for the land.Americans for the land.

2.2. Rhode Island offered religious freedom to Rhode Island offered religious freedom to everyone (1everyone (1stst time in the America’s). Also the time in the America’s). Also the church and state were separated in Rhode church and state were separated in Rhode Island. Island.

Rhode Island continued….Rhode Island continued….

Anne Hutchinson-Anne Hutchinson- she she preaches that a good preaches that a good Christian does not Christian does not need church leaders need church leaders just faith in God. just faith in God.

Connecticut Connecticut

Founder-Founder- Thomas Hooker, he leads a Thomas Hooker, he leads a large group of Puritans out of Mass. Bay large group of Puritans out of Mass. Bay Colony in 1636.Colony in 1636.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- 1639 it’s the first written constitution in 1639 it’s the first written constitution in American history.American history.

1. Grants the colony a 1. Grants the colony a representative representative government. The government. The legislature is elected legislature is elected by popular vote by popular vote of the people. of the people.

New HampshireNew Hampshire Founder- Founder- John Mason in 1630John Mason in 1630

Reason-Reason- Freedom from Puritan oppression Freedom from Puritan oppression

1. Created by the King of England as a 1. Created by the King of England as a Royal Colony to increase English Royal Colony to increase English

control control over the colonies in 1680.over the colonies in 1680.

2. The Last New England colony2. The Last New England colony

War with Native AmericansWar with Native AmericansSettlers spread to western Massachusetts, Settlers spread to western Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, Connecticut encroaching on Native American LandNew Hampshire, Connecticut encroaching on Native American Land

Native Americans think land treaties temporary, Europeans Native Americans think land treaties temporary, Europeans think permanentthink permanent

The Pequot WarThe Pequot WarPequot WarPequot War— — Pequot takes stand against colonists, nearly destroyedPequot takes stand against colonists, nearly destroyed

King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War1. Deprived of land, natives toil for English, must follow Puritan laws1. Deprived of land, natives toil for English, must follow Puritan laws

2. Wampanoag chief2. Wampanoag chief MetacomMetacom- - organizes tribes to wipe out settlers organizes tribes to wipe out settlers (1675)(1675)

3. 3. King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War fierce; hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribesfierce; hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribes

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

Originally not a part of the English coloniesOriginally not a part of the English colonies

They are located between England’s two main They are located between England’s two main colonies: New England and the Southern colonies: New England and the Southern colonies.colonies.

Middle Colonies MapMiddle Colonies Map

New YorkNew York Originally founded by the Dutch and called New Originally founded by the Dutch and called New

Amsterdam.Amsterdam.

Founder-Founder- Peter Minuit Peter Minuit

Conquered- Conquered- 1664 the Duke of York invades the 1664 the Duke of York invades the Dutch colony and claims it for England by renaming Dutch colony and claims it for England by renaming it.it.

Purpose-Purpose- founded by the Dutch as a colony for founded by the Dutch as a colony for trade and commercetrade and commerce

New JerseyNew Jersey Founder-Founder- Lord Berkley Lord Berkley

Purpose-Purpose- trade and farming trade and farming

Once a part of New York it is split off because the Once a part of New York it is split off because the size of the territory is too big.size of the territory is too big.

Given to friends of the Duke of York and split into Given to friends of the Duke of York and split into two: East and West Jerseytwo: East and West Jersey

1702 the crown combines it into one colony1702 the crown combines it into one colony

PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaFounder- Founder- William Penn 1682 he is William Penn 1682 he is

a Quakera Quaker

1. He designs and builds 1. He designs and builds the city of Philadelphiathe city of Philadelphia

2. Treats Native 2. Treats Native Americans Americans fairly in his deals fairly in his deals to buy to buy their land.their land.

Quakers-Quakers- religious group that religious group that believed in the equality of all believed in the equality of all men and women, non-violent men and women, non-violent and resisted military service.and resisted military service.

The Holy ExperimentThe Holy Experiment

Holy Experiment-Holy Experiment- the colony was founded with the colony was founded with three goals in mindthree goals in mind

1. 1. Provide religious freedom-Provide religious freedom- the colony granted the colony granted everyone freedom of religion for Quakers and everyone freedom of religion for Quakers and anyone willing to move to Pennsylvania from anyone willing to move to Pennsylvania from Europe.Europe.

2. 2. Representative Government-Representative Government- Adult males get Adult males get 50 acres and the right to vote. Also elected 50 acres and the right to vote. Also elected officials and unrestricted immigration to anyone.officials and unrestricted immigration to anyone.

3. 3. Profit-Profit- make money for William Penn. make money for William Penn.

DelawareDelaware

Created when William Penn grants the area Created when William Penn grants the area the right to representation in 1702.the right to representation in 1702.

MarylandMaryland

Founder- Founder- George Calvert in 1634George Calvert in 1634

Maryland was founded as a place for Maryland was founded as a place for religious freedom for Catholicsreligious freedom for Catholics in in

America.America.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

These include Virginia, the Carolina’s and These include Virginia, the Carolina’s and GeorgiaGeorgia

Southern Colonies MapSouthern Colonies Map

North CarolinaNorth Carolina Founders-Founders- group of landowners in 1653 group of landowners in 1653

Purpose-Purpose- This was a land of small tobacco This was a land of small tobacco farmsfarms

Had very little plantations so it didn’t rely on Had very little plantations so it didn’t rely on slaves like its southern neighbors.slaves like its southern neighbors.

South CarolinaSouth Carolina Founded-Founded- by the same landowners in 1670 by the same landowners in 1670

Developed very differently than North CarolinaDeveloped very differently than North Carolina

Purpose-Purpose- Had large plantations used to grow rice Had large plantations used to grow rice and indigo. By the time of the Revolutionary War and indigo. By the time of the Revolutionary War South Carolina has a huge slave population South Carolina has a huge slave population working the plantations.working the plantations.

GeorgiaGeorgiaLand of Debtors, Criminals andLand of Debtors, Criminals and

FoundedFounded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 by James Oglethorpe in 1733

1. He bans the sale of rum and slaves in the colony 1. He bans the sale of rum and slaves in the colony to to promote his idea of utopiapromote his idea of utopia

2. The last of the original 13 colonies2. The last of the original 13 colonies

Georgia was created for two reasonsGeorgia was created for two reasons1. Buffer-1. Buffer- a defensive buffer to protect the rice a defensive buffer to protect the rice plantations of South Carolina from the plantations of South Carolina from the Spanish in Spanish in FloridaFlorida

2. 2. Debtors Paradise-Debtors Paradise- to relieve the jails of thousands to relieve the jails of thousands of imprisoned debtors Oglethorpe brings them to of imprisoned debtors Oglethorpe brings them to Georgia and gives them land. (REMEMBER PIRATES).Georgia and gives them land. (REMEMBER PIRATES).

Georgia Cont’d…Georgia Cont’d…

Falls Apart-Falls Apart- Oglethorpe’s dream of a haven for Oglethorpe’s dream of a haven for people falls apart as wealthy landowners from people falls apart as wealthy landowners from England come to buy land.England come to buy land.

ResultsResults1. Plantations-1. Plantations- attempts to cut into the Rice, attempts to cut into the Rice, Indigo, Tobacco marketsIndigo, Tobacco markets

2. Failure-2. Failure- By the time of the Revolutionary By the time of the Revolutionary War it’s the smallest (population) and War it’s the smallest (population) and

poorest of the 13 original coloniespoorest of the 13 original colonies