The colony's first seal, depicting a dejected American Indian with

arrows turned downwards, saying "Come over and help us",

Dutch traders had established a permanent settlement near Hartford as early as 1633. Soon English settlers began to arrive in the area from Massachusetts. In 1636, after being driven from Massachusetts, Clergyman Thomas Hooker and his followers arrived in Hartford and declared freedom from all save Divine Authority. In 1639 the "Fundamental Orders" were enacted to govern the colony. In 1662 Connecticut finally obtained a Royal Charter under John Winthrop Jr.

Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven Colony Named for: from an Algonquin word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river"

Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word means "large hill place")

Major Cities: Providence Colony Named for: Dutch

for "red island"

What is the Geography & climate like?

Ocean access for travel!

Lots of natural ports!

Autumn in Grafton County, New Hampshire

4 Seasons = shorter growing season

Appalachian Mountains Tough soil… mineral deposits

#1 - Religious Freedom

Massachusetts was Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and other Puritans, at Massachusetts Bay

#1 - Religious Freedom Rhode Island Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others who were separatists were forces to leave Massachusetts and headed South . They bought land from Native Americans that became Providence .

#1 - Religious Freedom

#2 – Economic Gain

The first coins struck in the Colonies were silver “pine tree” shillings.

ROCKY SOIL = Subsistence

Farming

The White Mountains of New Hampshire are part of the Appalachian Mountains.

= find another way to make a living!

Fishing, Whaling, Shipbuilding and Trading!

Massachusetts Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)

Connecticut Major

Industry:

Agriculture (wheat,

corn, fishing)

New Hampshire M

ajor Industry

:

Agriculture (potatoes, fi

shing),

Manufacturing (textile

s, shipbuilding) Rhode Island Major Industry:

Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)

Portrait of King Philip, by Paul Revere, illustration from the 1772 edition of Benjamin Church's The Entertaining History of King Philip's War

Eight percent of the English adult male population is estimated to have died during the war, a rather large percentage by most standards. The impact on the Native Americans was far higher, however. So many were killed, fled, or shipped off as slaves that the entire Native American population of New England fell by sixty to eighty percent

The cause of the war stems from the increasing numbers of English colonists and their demand for land. As more land was purchased from the Native Americans, they were restricted to smaller territories for themselves. Native American leaders such as King Philip resented the loss of land and looked for a means to slow or reverse it

In 1623 two groups of English settlers, sent by Captain John Mason, arrived in what is now called New Hampshire (after John Masons home County of Hampshire) and established a fishing village near the mouth of the Piscataqua River. New Hampshire would remain an English colony throughout the colonial period even though, at various times, it came under Massachusetts jurisdiction. [Note from the webmaster: Thanks to an alert reader, this is newly added information for New Hampshire (11/03/05).]In 1638, John Wheelwright, banished from Boston for defending his sister-in-law Anne Hutchinson, founded a settlement called Exeter in New Hampshire. In 1639 the settlers signed the "Exeter Compact" patterned after the "Mayflower Compact". One of the New England Colonies, New Hampshire started out as a Proprietary colony but it became a Royal colony in 1679.

Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and others

Major Cities: Concord Colony Named for: county of Hampshire in England

Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and others, at Hartford Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, fishing) Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven Colony Named for: from an Algonquin word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river"

The First Flag (and Ensign) of New England, used by Colonial merchant ships sailing out of New England ports, 1686-c.1737.

While scattered Europeans began to settle the area as early as 1620, the first permanent settlement wasn't established until 1636. In 1635 Roger Williams was driven from Salem, Massachusetts for espousing religious and political freedom. After spending the winter with the Indians he finally bought land from the Narragansett Indians and settled in what is now called Providence. The new colony became a haven for those seeking religious freedom. In 1638, Anne Hutchinson, having been banned from Massachusetts, helped found Portsmouth, Rhode Island.

In 1664, after obtaining control of Dutch holdings lying between Virginia and New England, the Duke of York made a proprietary grant to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley, of the land between the Hudson and the Delaware River. These men intended to profit from real estate sales. The new grant was named New Jersey for Carteret, who was governor of the Isle of Jersey.

Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat) Major Cities: New York City, Albany Colony Named for: Duke of York Became a State: July 26, 1788

As early as 1647, settlement occured on what is now Pennsylvania soil by Swedish, Dutch and English settlers in the Delaware River region. In 1681 however, Pennsylvania's colonial status was sealed when approximately the present state of Pennsylvania was granted to William Penn, a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers), to offset a debt owed to Penn's father. In 1682 the city plan for Philadelphia was laid out. In 1682 the "Frame of Government" for Pennsylvania was put into effect. In 1683 the first German settlers arrived in Pennsylvania and formed Germantown near Philadelphia.

Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking, shipbuilding) Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York Colony Named for: William Penn's father and sylvania, Latin for "forest"

In 1626, as we all remember from our early history lessons, Peter Minuit arrived on Manhattan Island and, with other Dutch settlers, bought the island from the local Indians for 60 gilders ($24.) worth of goods. The settlement and fort on the island became known as New Amsterdam which eventually became the City of New York. The Dutch holdings in the area were collectively called New Netherlands and included areas of what is now New Jersey. New Amsterdam was granted self government and incorporated by the Dutch in 1653. In 1664, after King Charles II decided to reclaim the territory between Virginia and New England, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to English forces and New Amsterdam was given to the King's brother, the Duke of York, and renamed New York. The Dutch continued to struggle with the British for control of New Netherlands off and on until 1674 when the British finally obtained full control.

Founded: 1664 by English colonists Major Industry: Manufacturing (ironworking, lumbering) Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in England Became a State: December 18, 1787

Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and others Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering) Major Cities: Wilmington Colony Named for: named for the Delaware tribe and for an early governor of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr

After Roanoke failed in the 1580’s, it took a while before settlers ventured back to the land we know as the Carolinas. Virginia colonists began to settle the North Carolina region in 1653 to provide a buffer for the southern frontier. In 1691 Albermarle, the northern Carolina region, was officially recognized by the English crown. This is the first time the "North Carolina" designation was used.One of the Southern Colonies, North Carolina started out as a Proprietary colony but obtained a Royal charter in 1729 from George II.

Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (indigo, rice, tobacco) Major Cities: Raleigh Colony Named for: from Carolus, the Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England

South Carolina was the site of the first attempted European settlement in North America. The group left after suffering many deaths due to fever the first year. In 1663 King Charles II created the colony of Carolina (named for King Charles II) by granting the territory, of what is now roughly North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to loyal supporters. One of the Southern Colonies, South Carolina started out as a Proprietary colony but also became a Royal colony in 1719.

Founded: 1663 by English colonists Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle) Major Cities: Charleston Colony Named for: from Carolus, the Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England

Hoping to provide a second chance for adventurous members of the English under class, King George II, in 1732, granted Georgia to James Edward Oglethorpe, an English general. In addition to its lofty social goals the new Colony was also intended to provide additional protection for its northern colonial partners. Prior to Oglethorpe and his party settling the area in 1733, Fort King George was the only English occupation in the area. The Fort, which was established in 1721, was the Southern-most post in the Colonies and was situated to provide a buffer against Spanish and French intrusion from the South.

Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and others Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice, sugar) Major Cities: Savannah Colony Named for: England's King George II

Grouped with the Southern Colonies, Virginia started out as a Corporate colony (granted by Royal charter to a Company of investors who have governing rights) but in 1624 became a Royal colony (subject to the governing authority of the granting Royalty).

Founded: 1607 by John Smith and others, at Jamestown Major Industry: Plantation agriculture (tobacco, wheat, corn) Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg, Richmond Colony Named for: England's "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth I

In 1632 Charles I granted a Maryland Charter to Lord Baltimore (George Calvert, Baron of Baltimore). Lord Baltimore wanted very much to see the Colony become a reality and his son Cecil saw to it that the new Colony was settled. In 1633 the first group of settlers set sail for Maryland to establish a colony of freemen led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert's younger brother. One of the Southern Colonies, Maryland was a Proprietary colony

In 1631, the first settlement was attempted in Delaware by Dutch traders led by Captain David Pietersen de Vries. By 1632 the party had been killed in a dispute with the local natives.In 1638, Peter Minuet, now in the service of the Swedish, led a group of Swedish settlers to the Delaware River area under a grant from the New Sweden Company. It was these Swedish settlers that brought the log cabin design to America.In 1655 the Dutch gained control of the land from the Swedish. In 1664 the English obtained Delaware after defeating the Dutch. The Dutch briefly recaptured Delaware in 1673 but in 1674 the English finally took control. In 1682 Delaware was awarded to William Penn but his control didn't last and Delaware became independent in 1701 and elected its own assembly in 1704.

Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and others, at Baltimore Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo) Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta Maria of England