The Context of Education in North Carolina

Today We’ll Look At…

Just the numbers (i.e., schools, students, employees)

The changing face of our students A look at their teachers A brief glance at how we’re doing Examining who pays for what Major challenges facing N.C. schools The impact local officials/citizens can make

Let’s Start With the Numbers

115 School Systems 2,400-Plus School Buildings 1.46 Million Public School Students 163,492 (10.3%) Students in Private or Home

Schooling 97,676 Teachers 187,463 Total Number of School Employees

Now Let’s Look at Our Students…

1.46 Million Students

1.4% Indian2.3% Asian9.9% Hispanic31.2% African-American55.2% White

48.4% Classified as Economically Disadvantaged (Free/Reduced Lunch)

If We Then Look at TeachersIt’s a Different Demographic

“Average NC Teacher”:

white (83%) female (80%) age 42 with approximately 13

years of experience Break in service due to

child-care

83%

15%

3%

58%

31%

11%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

White Black Other

TeachersStudents

Let’s Take a Brief Look at How We’re Doing…

NC Public School Students (Grades 3-8) At or Above Grade Level Under ABCs Program

63.4%66.2%68.9%70.9%72.7%

76.7%79.2%80.1%82.0%84.4%88.7%

75.9%

32.0%34.5%36.2%38.4%

49.4%52.0%56.5%

67.7%

40.0%43.5%

61.2%

80.9%81.3%80.8%

52.9%55.5%58.1%60.0%

61.7%66.3%69.1%69.8%71.7%74.6%

63.9%

73.5%

89.0%89.2%

67.2%66.9%

48.5%44.7%

30.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Year

% a

t o

r a

bo

ve

gra

de

lev

el

State White Black

NC’s Gains on SAT Scores Lead the Nation

948952

961964 964

970976 978

982986 988

992998

100610101008

1004

1001 999 100110031003

10101013

101610171016101910201020

102610261028

10211017

1001

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

NC US* scores recenteredSource: College Board

(53 points)

(13 points)

Who Pays for What?

64.8%

25.0%

10.2%

State Federal Local

$7.37 B

$1.16 B

$2.84 B

Source: DPI, Financial & Business Services, Highlights of the 2006-07 NC Public School Budget, February 2008

Who Pays For What?

2007-08 Federal Funds Provide ($2.84 B)Title I – all programs ($328.6 m)

Child Nutrition ($325.0 m)

Children w/ Special Needs ($297.0 m)

Teacher Quality ($62.4 m)

Vocational Education ($21.8 m)

Technology Grants ($5.8 m)

After School Programs ($20.9 m)

Safe & Drug Free Schools ($5.8 m)

2007-08 Local Funds Provide ($1.16 B)

Additional teachers, instructional support & teacher

assistants (11,432 positions)

Central Office Administrators (33.6% of total)

Salary Supplements (4 @ $5,000+, Average=$1,993, 5 @ $0)

School Construction, Maintenance & Debt Service

Utilities, Housekeeping, Technology, & Garage Costs

2007-08 State Funds Provide ($7.37 B)

Instructional Personnel ($4.1 B)

At-Risk Student Services ($220.3 m)

Children w/ Special Needs ($663.3 m)

Transportation ($360.6 m)

Low-Wealth supplemental funds ($195.4 m)

ABCs Bonus ($70 m)

Limited English Proficient ($61.2 m)

School Machinery Act & School Budget and Fiscal Control Act

(Responsibilities Are Blurred)

State=current expense & programs

Counties Paid for 6,621 teachers (7%)

3,052 teacher assistants (10.6%)

2,276 instructional support (17.9%)

437 administrators (25.8%)

(16.2% of all personnel)

Counties=capital (building & maintenance)

State Has Paid $2 Billion for capital outlay since 1995 (25% of the total)

However, We Are A Low Spending State When Compared to Others

Ranking Per-Pupil Expenditures by State$10,0

42

$7,1

13

$7,8

46

$5,4

74

$7,9

35

$9,3

65

$11,8

74

$11,3

24

$7,1

55

$8,8

82

$8,9

97

$7,6

10

$6,8

63

$9,3

27

$8,9

24

$7,7

17

$8,0

05

$7,6

56

$11,6

54

$9,2

81 $10,7

23

$9,6

32

$9,2

49

$7,3

81

$6,5

65 $8,0

25

$7,3

77

$7,5

86

$9,5

55

$13,3

70

$8,1

78

$12,8

79

$9,5

57

$8,0

98

$10,2

23

$10,6

41

$7,7

66

$7,5

36

$6,8

81

$7,3

10

$5,0

32

$8,7

29

$11,6

67

$7,6

83

$9,7

55

$9,4

61

$10,3

72

$7,3

92

$6,7

09

$6,6

14

$-

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

$11,000

$12,000

$13,000

$14,000

$15,000

AK

AL

AR

AZ

CA

CO CT

DE

FL

GA HI

IA ID IL IN KS

KY LA

MA

MD

ME

MI

MN

MO

MS

MT

NC

ND

NE

NH NJ

NM

NV

NY

OH

OK

OR

PA RI

SC

SD

TN TX

UT

VA

VT

WA

WI

WV

WY

114330492917 3 642232135451822322834 519 7132039482738403615 12546 214472610 8313744415024 4331216 9

state (rank)

per-

pupil

expendit

ure

s

NC ranks 38=$7,392

US average=$8,717

Source: Public School Forum based upon NEA, Rankings and Estimates Update (Dec. 2007)

The Challenges We Face Are Daunting…

NC’s Educational Pipeline:

For every 100 ninth grade students….

60 complete high school 4 years later

41 of those enroll in college

29 of those return to college for their 2nd year

Just 19 receive an associate’s degree within 3 years, or a bachelor’s within 6 years

Then There is Growth…

8.5 million population expected to grow to 12.5 million in 20 years

Adding over 25,000 K-12 students per year

4 of 100 counties account for over 50% of the growth

27 counties have lost K-12 students in the last 5 years

Student Performance is Leveling Off or Dropping…

1992-93--2004-05 Students At or Above Grade Level, Grades 3-8

63.4%66.2%

68.9%70.9%

72.7%76.7%

79.2% 80.1%82.0%

84.4%88.7% 89.2% 89.0%

52.9%55.5%

58.1% 60.0%

66.3%69.1% 69.8% 71.7%

74.6%

80.8% 81.3% 80.9%

30.1% 32.0%34.5% 36.2% 38.4%

44.7%48.5% 49.4%

52.0%56.5%

66.9% 67.7% 67.2%

61.7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

% a

t or

above g

rade l

evel

White State BlackSource: DPI , Accountability Services

2007 AYP Results

In 2007, 44.7 percent(1,036) of all schools met AYP. However, 62.1 percent (1,440) of all North Carolina public schools met at least 90 percent of their AYP targets. Another 19.2 percent (445 schools) met 80-89.9 percent of their AYP targets.

Teacher Supply/Demand Issues Continue to Grow

Teacher & instructional support personnel in NC grew from 56,000 in 1980-81 to 109,108 in 2006-07.

Student enrollment is increasing over 20,000 new students each year and will continue to increase for next 10 years; NC will need 100,000 new teachers over the next decade.

2,106 teachers retired in 2006-07 (86% full benefits, 14% reduced benefits)….represents 16.5% of those that left teaching.

The turnover rate in 2006-07 was 12.58%

The Quality Issue… 1/5th Take Nontraditional Routes to Teaching

Source of New Teacher Hires

Out-of-State Teachers

43%

Lateral Entry22%

Recent In-State Grads

35%

Source: NC DPI

And Of Course There is the Economy…

The Office of the Governor(bully pulpit, budget proposals & veto)

State Board of Education General Assembly(budget recommendations; responsible for (power of purse strings rules and regulations, curriculum & testing) & frequently pass

educational policies)

Local Boards of Education(hire superintendent, propose local education budgets,determine attendance lines, can initiate major changes

like year-round schooling or magnet schools or afterschool programs, determine resource allocationsto schools, set local personnel policies, establish

goals for system)

County Commissioners(power of purse strings; approve/deny school boardbudget requests; set bond referendums, rarely, but

can weigh in on instructional/policy issues)

Let’s End this Overview by Looking at Who Does What

While Many Decisions Are Made at the State or Federal Level, Local Officials Decide:

Who Will Lead the Schools Resource Allocation (teachers, technology, etc.) Whether Schools Will be Innovative How Schools are Organized Local Accountability Measures Whether to Create Incentives Approaches to Teaching

Decisions in Raleigh and in Washington, D.C. Greatly Impact Schools

But…

Education Happens in the Classroom, within Schools

Local Decisions Shape the Nature of Education

They Make the Difference

John Dornanjdornan@ncforum.org919-781-6833www.ncforum.org