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CRITICAL PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY THE FIRST YEAR EDUCATIONSTUDENTS
OF XAVIER UNIVERSITY CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY AND THER IMPACT TOTHEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES
FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2010-2011
A Junior ThesisPresented to the Faculty of
The School of EducationXavier University(Ateneo de Cagayan) Cagaan de Oro City
In Partial FulfillmentOf the Requirements of the subjects
Educ 51: Educational Research IEduc 52: Educational Research II
By
Dangcal, Bebeche O.
Pangan, Chalna B.
Semana, Giraldyne D.
Undalay, Alija T.
July 30, 2010
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled : THE CRITICAL PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY THEFIRST YEAR EDUCATION STUDENTS OF XAVIER UNIVERSITY CAGAYANDE ORO CITY AND THER IMPACT TO THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCESFOR SCHOOL YEAR 2010-2011 is prepared and submitted by
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subjectEduc 52 and 52:Educational Research, has been examined and is recommendedfor Oral Examination.
Ms. Michell Suazo
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ________.
______________________ __________Member Member
_______________________ ___________Member Member
Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for thesubject Educ 51 and 52: Educational Research.
DR. LOURDES G. TOLOD DEAN, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
__________________________(Date of Defense)
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM
Introduction 1
Conceptual Framework 3
Statement of the Problem 5
Significance of the Study 6
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 14
Research Design 14
Research Setting 14Sampling Procedure 15
Data Gathering Instrument and Procedure 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
A LETTER OF APPROVAL
B INFORMED CONSENT
C THE QUESTIONNAIRE
D CURRICULUM VITAE
iii
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2
adolescents venture into this new stage in life seemingly at loose ends. Many
seem to find this period quiet a difficult stage to live in. The adolescent
confronted with many conflicts relating to his own self, his family, his peers and
classmates and his environment in varying degrees of intensity.
Different psychologists have various ways classifying youth
problems. Jones for instance, classified these youth problems as : (1) health and
physical development, (2) home and family relationships, (3) personality, (4)
religious and church affiliations , (5) and School.
Cole also grouped adolescents into eight areas as: (1) the
establishment of heterosexual interests, (2) freeing from home, (3) emotional
maturity, (4) social maturity, (5) beginners of economic independence, (6)
intellectual maturity, (7) use of leisure, and (8) philosophy of life.
According to Bernardino and Fresnoza the types of problems that
confront young people are those relating to (1) problems of health and physical
development, (2) problems involving home and family relationships, (3) leisure
time problems, (4) personality problems, (5) problems relating to religious life and
church affiliation , (6) educational problems, (7) social problems(including moral
and civic),
Considering the intensity of youth problems, to guide and to assist
adolescents grow in self-realization pose challenging demands upon teachers
and educators. Schools are placed in strategic positions to render assistance to
the youth. This is the challenge which prompted the researchers to conduct this
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3
study in an effort to understand better Filipino adolescents beginning their first
year in college to identify their problems and find appropriate solutions to them.
Conceptual Framework
This study is anchored on the concept that Critical problems of freshmen
students reflect on what bothers them to become successful students(Princes,
Sofia C. The Critical Problems of the College Freshmen of Notre Dame of
Midsayap College. Thesis M.A. Xavier University, Cagayan de Oro City, 1972.
XU)
Students encounter these critical problems since they are in college level
now, specifically first year students. Freshmen students are still adjusting the
new environment, facing the changes which includes maturity and the pressures
among peers.
There are different areas that define to be critical problems that most first
year students are confronted.
Family Relationship Problem Area included items concerning how the students
bond at home with parents, and other members of the family. This will help
students think how they are doing their responsibilities at home together with
working with their families.
Financial Problem Area centered around low adequate income of the family are
the sacrifices of parents, all resulting in insufficient allowances for school and
personal needs. This concerns the income of the students on how he handles his
allowance practically.
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4
School Problem Area concentrates on conflicts about grades, difficulty, books,
study materials and relationship with teachers. This area concentrates more on
the academics of freshmen students. Furthermore, it concludes how they are well
and good in class when it comes to participation, recital and cooperation.
Emotional Problem Area is the fourth area which dealt on inner conflicts such as
moodiness, jealousy, lack of confidence, shyness and love problems. This
examines the freshmen students whether they have emotional problems which
contributed to have a good grade or a failing grade. Emotions are carried by the
students if they are well motivated to go to school and be inspired of what they
truly feel inside.
Moral and Spiritual Problem area focuses on freshmen college studentsreligious faith and spiritual beliefs in their lives. Confusions about what is right
from wrong .
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5
Statement of the Problem
This study is designed to come up with the critical problems of Xavier
University freshmen education students 2010-2011,based on an assessment
after distributing the problem sheets to the respondents. Most specifically, the
study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:
a. Gender
b. Major
c. Type of school last attended
d. Residence:
1) Living with parents
2) Living without parents
2. In which of the five conflict areas are the problems heavily
concentrated?
3. How do these critical problem areas affect your academic
performance in freshmen college life this SY 2010-2011?
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6
Significance of the Study
The result of the study will be useful for the guidance counselor,
faculty, parents students and the future researchers because measures for the
improvement and development of freshmen students to cope up easily for the
next semesters.
To the guidance counselor, it will serve as how to constantly
understand these first year students to guide them on the accurate path whether
on what to decide and what to plan on first. To give more enlightenment, hope
and encouragement to evaluate how to deal with the true to life situations that
trials are natural in college students.
To the faculty, it will help the teachers to improve their strategies in
teaching and motivation styles. Teachers may also sense that some students are
sensitive and they need to adjust to cope with these freshmen students.
Encouragement may also be practiced to let the students improve and enhance
their capability to be independent in the society. They can also help freshman
students to solve problems in many possible ways. Teachers may also
communicate with parents through PTA meetings.
To the Parents, they will be aware of what is recently going on about
their childrens academic studies. The parents also have to adjust and
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understand that being a college students is not an easy task. That there are
some changes that needs to put prior into. They should be the one showing
7
support and have the responsibilities to let their children budget its allowance for
the school materials and equipment. They should listen to the attentions of their
children and let them feel worth that they are striving hard just for them.
To the students, they will decide how to improve their natural skills to
deal in college life. Adjustments are also practiced to be able to easily
understand their situations. For the improvement of their self-esteem and self-
confidence for the following years. They are the primary recipients of the success
of the study as the focus is more on maturity, growth and development which will
contribute to avoid conflict areas.
To the future researchers, the findings will be as the baseline
date for any related studies.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study focused only on the critical problems of Xavier University
freshmen education students. The study used the data of the following areas:
emotional, financial, school, family , moral and spiritual problems.
Furthermore, the study is limited only to the relevant data supplied by
the respondents in the problem sheet as the bases for work out up the study. The
respondents are all the freshmen students from the college of education.
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Definition of terms
For better understanding of this study, some terms are defined in
accordance with the researchers point of view:
Critical Problems. In this study, the term critical problems means those problems
which the students commonly encounter serious difficulty specifically on
emotional, financial, family, school and moral and spiritual areas.
Family relationship problems. These are problems which pertain to ones home,
parents and other members of the family. This problem area covers all things
which keep the home a harmonious place to live in.
School problems. These are the difficulties encountered by the individual in
school such as study habits, dealings with teachers, relationships with
classmates, school work and achievements, and study materials.
Emotional problems. These are the inner conflicts in oneself such as moodiness,
jealousy, lack of proper direction in life, lack of confidence, and love problems.
Financial problems. They are conflicts arising from the need of money for school
expenses, for books, for board and lodging, and for recreation.
Moral and Spiritual problems. These are difficulties met in knowing what is
wrong, and problems in relation to worship and religion.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
For further discussions about the critical problem of freshmen
college students, here are some areas : Family , Financial, School, Emotional ,
and Moral and Spiritual problem areas.
Family Relationship Problem Area
According to Ericksons theory, families with teenagers confront
challenges when their children go to college schools. It would be difficult for them
how to balance freedom and responsibilities. Parents must let their children
struggle for independence, yet always hold an invisible safety net in case the
teen falters.( Janina Jolly,2004)
Several investigators have shown that conflict between parents and
adolescents, especially between mothers and son is the most stressful during the
apex of pubertal growth (Hill and others 2004; Steiberg new Edition, 2001)
In an analysis of a number of studies, it was conducted that parent-
adolescent conflict decreases from early adolescence (Laursen, coy, and Collins,
2004).
In one of the studies, homeless adolescents experienced more parental
maltreatment, were scolded more often, and reported that their parents loved
them less than housed adolescents.( Wolfe, Toro, and McCaskill, 2000)
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Usually, teenagers try to achieve independence for their parents
through their peer groups. As adolescents increasingly focus on people outside
the family unit, they adjust to and incorporate the opportunities and norms of
10
those outsiders. How do parents react to these changes in teenagers? Although
some changes are more easily assimilated by the family than others, conflict is
most inevitable.(Mitchell,1996)
Fortunately, parents realize that these conflicts and their reduced
power to influence the child means that is less dependent on the parent. That is,
just as the parents now have less power over their child, they also have, or soon
will have less responsibility for the child. Thus, after spending much of their
young adulthood and some of their middle age serving their child, parents can
see the light at the end of the tunnel. They realize that they are slowly being
freed from their parental responsibilities and will soon be free to get on with their
own lives. (Greg Coher,2000)
Financial Problem Area
Every student is under constant stress, whether under personal,
financial or any other type of problems. In order to achieve better results while
not being under stress every student has to know how to cope its financial
problems. There are several ways of reducing the stress but first it is good to
know how financial problems affect students in negative ways. Unfortunately,
financial problems is one of the most common phenomenon. It has been showed
in recent surveys that almost 7 of 10 people are susceptible to stress connected
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with money. What is shocking only 1 of 10 respondents do not care about money
problems. What make things look even worse, the number of people who is
concerned about money is still rising (Edith Abbot,2001).
11
School Problem Area
According to Alice Moriarty, school problems occur when students
encounter such demands and requirements that are needed to comply in every
subject that they need to pass on. Also, peer pressure is unavoidable to come
across with. These triggers them to have difficulties on handling such situations
that may be hard for them to do, because they have not they have not yet
experience this challenges during their high school years.
Over 10 years ago, Henry Maier (2002) said that the use of term
adolescent suggested that the use of distinct word define adolescence entity
rather than as a period of transition and change during which a person moves
from childhood to that peer associations and peer groups, with their relevant
group norms serve as the major avenue for ego development and ego repair in
adolescence.
Emotional Problem Area
1) Parents-Child Conflict
Conflicts between parents and children increase during early
adolescence and remain common until they decline in late adolescence
(Arnett,2000). These conflicts typically focus on dating, how lone teenagers
should be away from home, where they can go and they can be with.
2) Mood Changes
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Many studies show that, compared with childhood and adulthood,
adolescents experience more shifts to mood and more extremely positive and
negative moods( Gregor Mile, 2004). Compared with children and adults,
12
adolescents also are much more likely to feel self-conscious, embarrassed.
awkward, lonely, curios and ignored.
Moral and Spiritual Problem Area
There is no doubt that college students struggle with moral issues,
but are these moral issues the result of mere circumstance or are there deeper
spiritual matters at work?
After the examination of three recent surveys of hundreds of
teenagers and over 100,000 college students, it seems as though college
students beliefs concerning the existence of God, eternal punishment, the
religious beliefs of their parents, and a general security in their own faith have
been swayed since their teenage years. While many teenagers seem to have a
strong foundation for their faith, college students are slipping into doubt and
insecurity. Through surveying these statistics, it is obvious that the moral
problems with college students are directly influenced by their spiritual fervor or
lack thereof. This conclusion brings new insight and motivation for ministers and
teachers of teenagers and college students(Dean Hardy, 2000).The transition
from high school to college is one of the most pivotal times in a young persons
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life. After departing from under the protective wings of parental figures, young
adults often have problems that manifest themselves in various ways. Whether
mental/intellectual, spiritual, physical addictions or health difficulties, college
13
seems to be the time when the most serious problems arise. Katie, a strong
Christian and a college freshman said that she experienced difficulties mentally,
relationally and physically disturbed in freshmen year in college. She also stated
that current weakness of economy affect her studies. (Charles C. McArthur,
2007)
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research design, research setting,
sampling procedures, data gathering instrument and procedure and scoring
procedures.
Research Design
The data of this study were gathered with the use of problem sheet
which is prepared by the researchers. The researchers used the descriptive
method of research which is considered the most appropriate in determining the
critical problem among freshmen students. Descriptive method requires a more
detailed analysis of the various aspects of the interrelationships.
Research Setting
The research will be conducted at the Xavier University Main
Campus, owned and managed by the Jesuit Priests, located at Corrales Avenue
a Jesuit school in Cagayan de Oro City.
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Respondents and Sampling Procedures
The sampling procedure will be conducted in six steps. First, the
researchers will submit a letter to the Dean of the School of Education requesting
a list of all freshmen students enrolled in their college in the School year 2010-
2011 first semester. Second, the researchers will choose the respondents using
the purposive sampling. Third, after gathering 100 respondents, the researchers
will distribute to their respondents their letter for request, together with it are the
Informed Consent and the authorization for a minor to serve as a subject form.
Fourth, the questionnaires will be sent to them for them to answer. Fifth, the
questionnaires will then be collected for tallying and analyzing. Sixth, the data will
be interpreted and the results will be known.
The critical problems which include family, school, emotional, financial
and moral and spiritual problem areas will be the basis of the respondents
problem checklist. The researchers will be getting their percentile rank whether
which critical problem area is most checked. We will use the formula Standard
Deviation of the data gathered. It will be presented in a graph form.
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Data Gathering and Instrument Procedures
The study used the problem sheet made by the researchers
concerning specifically the five critical problems according to category.
The procedure data gathers the information of first, the assessment of
critical problem areas affecting freshmen students, second is the evaluation on
how these problems affect students performances.
The researchers will use a problem sheet for the determining the
critical problem areas. The students will be able to identify which area are they
most affected on. The process will be done at time based on their free time.
Statistical Instruments/Procedure
The researchers revised the problem sheet by grouping the items
into five conflict areas. The modified problem sheets were typed and were
distributed to administrators and teachers of guidance to examine and evaluate
on these criteria : (1) appropriateness of the categories, and(2) the categories of
the items placed under each category. They were also asked to write such
criticisms and suggestions as they saw fit or helpful.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aeker, David, V. Kumar and George S. Day. College freshmen, New York :
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998.
Baruch, Dorothy W. How To Live With Your Teenager. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1990.
Blalock, Hubert. Social Statistics. New York : McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1993.
Best, John W. and Kain, James V. Research in Education ninth ed. Pearson
Education Publishing as Allyn & Bacon,2001.
Cole, Luella. Psychology of Adolescence. 3rd ed. New York :Rinehart and
Company
Curran, Charles A. Counseling In Catholic Life and Education. New York: The
Mcmillan Company, 1995.
Froehlich, Clifford P. Guidance Services In Schools. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1998.
Jolley, Janina M. Lifespan Development A Topical Approach. United States of
America: The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc, 2004.
Jones, Arthur J. Principles of Guidance and Pupil Personnel Work. New
York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1990.
Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. How Design and Evaluate Research in
Education 5th ed . Published by Mc-Graw-Hill Companies.2003.
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Good, Timothy and Brophy, John. Guiding Teenagers, 1991.
Keen, Jorge M. Critical Problems in the Society. New York:McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1993.
Moriarty, Alice PH.D.and Tousseing, Povl W, M.D. Adolescent Coping. Published
by Grune and Stratton,Inc.
Santrock, John W. Adolescence,Eighth Edition Published by McGraw-Hill
NewYork, Book Company, 2001.
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Letter of Approval
To the Dean of School of EducationDr. Lourdes G. TolodXavier University-Ateneo de CagayanCorrales Avenue Cagayan de Oro City
Dear Madam :
Greetings!
We are the School of Education students of Xavier University. We are assignedto conduct a research entitled Critical Problems Experienced by The First YearEducation Students of Xavier University and Their Impact to their AcademicPerformances for School Year 2010-2011. In line with this, we will be distributingproblem checklist sheet to Freshmen Education students as our respondents.We assure you the confidentiality of the records being used in this study. We will
return any gathered data given by the students in your college.
We humbly look forward to your response about our research study. Yourcooperation will be a very great help in the fulfillment of our research. Thank youvery much and God bless!
Respectfully yours,
Dangcal, Bebeche O.
Researcher
Pangan,Chalna B.Researcher
Semaa, Giraldyne D.Researcher
Undalay,Alija T.Researcher
Noted:
Ms. Michele Suazo_Research Adviser
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INFORMED CONSENT
CONSENT TO SERVE AS A SUBJECT IN RESEARCH
I consent to serve as a subject in the research investigators entitled: The CriticalProblems of First Year Education Students of Xavier University, Cagayan de OroCity for School Year 2010-2011.The nature and general purpose of the research procedure and the known risksinvolved have been explained to me by Bebeche Dangcal, Chalna Pangan,Giraldyne Semaa and Alija Undalay.The researchers are authorized to proceed on the understanding that I mayterminate my service as a subject the risks are: knowing ones personal
information about my critical problems during Freshmen year and myconfidentiality will be publicized.I understand also that it is not possible to identify all potential risks in anexperimental procedure, and I believe that reasonable safeguards have been tominimize both the known and the potentially unknown risks.
Witness_______________________________ Signed___________________
Date____________________
To be retained by the principal investigator
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PROBLEM SHEET
I.D. No.:________________________ Gender_____Date of birth_______________Midterm QPI:____________________ Course________________Address_________________________________________ Religion______________School last
attended__________________________________Address_____________________
DIRECTIONS: This is not a test. This is a problem sheet concerning the top five criticalproblems in freshmen education students. Please put a check mark(/) in each box thatyou most agreed on. For the corresponding answers: 1-Always,2-Sometimes,3-Never
4 3 2 1
1. My parents punish me severely.2. I quarrel with my brothers/sisters.
3. My parents dont give me encouragements.4. My parents criticize me so much.
5. My parents expect too much from me.
6. My parents are separated.7. I shoulder heavy home responsibilities.
8. I lack privacy at home.
9. My parents criticize me so much.10. My parents are both out of the house.
11. I need money for school expenses.12. Our financial sources are not stable.
13. I dont know how to budget money wisely.14. My monthly allowance is not enough.
15. I need money for health care when I getsick.
16. I go to school with very little money.
17. I have no money to spend.18. My parents cant finance all of us in thefamily.
19.I have too little money for board andlodging.
20.My parents sacrifice too much but earn alittle.
21. I am getting low grades.22. I am in too many student activities.
23. I am not used to independent learning.24. I am afraid to speak in class discussions.
25. My teacher is very strict.26. I have difficulties in dealing with myteachers.
27. I dont know how to manage my time.
28. I dont have time to study.
29. I am weak in reasoning out.
30. My vocabulary is limited.
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4 3 2 1
31. I am shy to talk to everybody.32. I lose my temper easily.
33. I am afraid to make mistakes in everything Ido.
34. I get discouraged when I get low scores inmy exam.
35. I dont know how to handle my feelings.36. I cant see the value of the things I do.
37. I lack self-confidence.38. I am stubborn.
39. I lack sense of belongingness.
40. I am unwilling to face serious problems.
41. I dont know what is right from wrong.
42. I am confused by the different religiousbeliefs.
43. I yield to temptation to cheat.
44. I failed to attend church services.
45. Telling a lie is tolerated by my peers.
46. I indirectly tell the truth.
47. I think God is unfair.
48. I need more chances for religiousworkshop.
49.I am bothered by vulgarity in college talk.50. I am confused with the different religiousbeliefs.
1) Why do these factors affect your studies?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) How do these factors affect your freshmen college life in Xavier University?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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