The Crystal Deodorant

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SKU 3053

CURRENT ISSUES IN CHEMISTRY

TITLE: CRYSTAL DEODORANT

LECTURERS NAME: PROF. MADYA DR. ISMAIL ZAINOL

GROUP MEMBERS NAME ID NUMBER

NAZIRATUL ASYIKIN BINTI MOHD SAM D20091035116

SITI SAUFU BINTI MAT ISA D20091035140

NORAMIRA BINTI AHMAD TAJUDDIN D20091035139


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1.0 SWEATING1.1 Sweat GlandsWe have about 3 million sweat glands distributed over the entire body. Especially in the

armpits, on the neck, head, forehead, and on the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.

They are missing on the lips, in the nail bed, eardrums, and to a large extent , in the genital

area. On the hands, feet, forehead, and armpits there can be as many as 350 sweat glands per

square centimetre.

1.2 Types of Sweat GlandsOur body has approximately two million tiny sweat glands. We have two types of sweat

glands in our body; eccrine and aprocine glands. Eccrine glands are the common ones and

are located in our palms, forehead and soles of our feet. They are directly connected to the

central temperature regulator in the diencephalons, therefore play a crucial role in regulating

body temperature. They do not only excrete more water, but also toxins and metabolic end

products. Depending on the temperature, sweat glands are able to secrete between 0.5 and 8

litres of liquid per day.

Aprocine glands are found in our armpits and the end of our hair follicles. There is a

difference in the type of sweat released by both these glands. Eccrine releases sweat that is

more of water and thin in nature. Apocrine glands on the other hand produce a more viscous

secretion. Aprocine releases thicker sweat that has a yellow colour to it because of the

presence of fatty acids and proteins. They are also referred to as "odour glands". They do not

develop until the body reaches puberty. Then they develop mainly in the hair roots, such as in

the armpit, around the anus and in the genital area. Odour glands are not main contributors to

temperature regulation but are activated during strong emotional conditions, such as anger,

pain, fear, or sexual drives.


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Figure 1: Sweat gland

1.3 Why we are Sweating?Sweating or perspirationis our body's natural way of cooling us down. We may feel the heat

more when we sweat but the truth is that the body is cooling itself by releasing all the built in

heat. Our body needs to maintain a normal temperature of 98.6 Fahrenheit failing which we

are likely to suffer a heat stroke. Sweat is released through small holes known as pores in our

skin. Human skin has two types of sweat glands, these are the apocrine glands and the eccrine

glands. The apocrine glands are located in areas of the body that have hair follicales such as

scalp, armpits and public region. When sweat comes in contact with the atmosphere, it

evaporates leaving a cool feeling behind.


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1.4 Sweat CompositionSweat is almost made of water with small amounts of chemicals like ammonia, urea,

sugar and body salts like sodium chloride, but also potassium, magnesium, phosphate,

sulphate, volatile low fatty acids, neutral fats, immunoglobulines, cholesterol, and odour

substances.

2.0 BODY ODORBody odor is influenced by the actions of the skin flora, including members

ofCorynebacterium, which manufacture enzymes called lipases that break down the lipids insweat to create smaller molecules like butyric acid. These smaller molecules smell, and give

body odor its characteristic aroma.

Figure 2:Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum

Figure 3:Butyric acid molecule formula and sructure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_florahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_flora


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Propionic acid (propanoic acid) is present in many sweat samples. This acid is a

breakdown product of some amino acidsbypropionibacteria, which thrive in the ducts of

adolescent and adult sebaceous glands. Because propionic acid is chemically similar to acetic

acid with similar characteristics including odor, body odors may be identified as having a

vinegar-like smell by certain people.

Figure 4: Propionic acid molecule formula and sructure

Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid) is the other source of body odor as a result of

actions of the bacteriaStaphylococcus epidermidis, which is also present in several strong

cheese types. WhileBacillus subtillis creates strong foot odor.

3.0 ANTIPERSPIRANT AND DEODORANTAntiperspirant or deodorant, this is a quick substitution that can quickly stop odors. However,

the warm and moist environment of the underarms is perfect for establishing more odors.

Rubbing alcohol will only provide a temporary fix. Antiperspirants work by clogging,

closing, or blocking the pores with powerful aluminum chemicals so that they cannot release

sweat. While, deodorants work by neutralizing the smell of the sweat and by antiseptic action

against bacteria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovaleric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_epidermidishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isovaleric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionic_acid


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Figure 5: Anti-perspirant product

4.0 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANTIPERSPIRANT AND DEODORANTMost people think antiperspirants and deodorants are the same thing, but they are

not. Deodorants are considered a cosmetic product while antiperspirants are regulated by the

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because they are classified as a drug due to the effect

they have on the body. Antiperspirants work by clogging, closing, or blocking the pores with

powerful aluminium chemicals so that they cannot release sweat.

While, deodorants work by neutralizing the smell of the sweat and by antiseptic action

against bacteria. Natural crystal deodorants are just that, natural. And that is the main

difference. There are no added chemicals or fragrances. And, as previously mentioned,

natural crystal deodorants allow the body to sweat, but without odor.

Traditional deodorants use chemical rich fragrances to mask odor and cover up the

bad bacteria smell. Antiperspirants block the skin from releasing sweat, thereby inhibiting

the bacteria growth process. All antiperspirants have an aluminum-based compound as their

main ingredient, such as:

Aluminum chloride Aluminum zirconium tricholorohydrex glycine Aluminum chlorohydrate


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Aluminum hydroxybromide Aluminum hydroxide (ATH)

All of them are controversial ingredients that are potentially unhealthy for our bodies.

The aluminum ions are drawn into the cells that line the sweat gland at the top layer of

skin. When the aluminum ions enter into the cells, water passes in with them. As more water

flows in, the cells begin to swell, squeezing the sweat ducts closed and preventing sweat from

escaping. People who choose to use a crystal deodorant instead often do so because they are

concerned about the potential health risks of applying such chemicals to the thin and highly

absorbent layer of skin under the arm.

5.0 CRYSTAL DEODORANT5.1 HistoryIn 1984, Jerry Rosenblatt, Founder and CEO of Crystal, while he was travelling in France ,

he was introduced to a manufactured product, made of mineral salts, which purifies water.

That same product, he later discovered, also worked as a natural yet powerful deodorant.Jerry began importing this product, assembled a small team of friends to shape, mold,

smooth, and package each stone by hand. No two rocks were the same, each measuring

anywhere between eight to ten inches in diameter and weighing between six to nine ounces.

Jerry named the product Le Crystal Nature

A crystal deodorant is a deodorant product made with potassium alum or ammonium

alum. Both are double sulfate forms of the class of minerals known as alums. When

potassium alum is extracted from the earth it is a translucent crystalline mineral that contains

veins or fractures like those seen in marble. A translucent deodorant stone is 100% pure

potassium alum and does not contain any potentially harmful impurities. Alum crystals are

highly soluble in water, which explains their ability to act as a deodorant.


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Figure 6: Example product of crysral deodorant

5.2 IngredientsCrystal deodorants consist of Potassium aluminium sulfate, also known as potassium alum or

just alum, is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the

dodecahydrate, formula K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Potassium alum is made from aluminium

hydroxide, sulfuric acid and potassium sulfate. The reaction between the sulfuric acid and

the ore creates aluminum oxide. This is then reacted with potassium sulfate to form

potassium aluminunum sulfate or calledpotassium alum in forms of a solid solution.

Figure 7: Potassium aluminium sulphate chemical formula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_sulfatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_sulfatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_alumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_alumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_alumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_sulfatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_sulfate


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5.3 AlumAlum has been used for a very long time in reservoirs to clarify water. That is, it helps

suspended particles settle to the bottom so they can be removed. It has also been used as a

remedy for canker sores and in a styptic pencil to stop bleeding after shaving. That said, there

is no doubt that alum contains aluminum, often hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate

(potassium alum).

Figure 8: Potassium aluminium sulphate (alum) mineral

5.4 How it worksDeodorant crystals containing synthetically made potassium alum are a weakirritant to the

skin. When the human body sweats it is basically just releasing salt and water through sweat

glands in the skin. Contrary to popular belief, sweat does not have a distinctive smell of its

own. The smell associated with sweat is actually caused by bacteria on the skin that eats

sweat and excretes waste; and it is the bacteria waste that produces a foul odor. Everyone has

bacteria on their skin, and it is perfectly normal. The bacteria on our skin ordinarily do not

produce a noticeable smell, but when sweat is present the bacteria begins to rapidly grow and

produce an increasing amount of odor.

When a crystal deodorant is applied to the underarms, some of the mineral is

dissolved by the body's sweat (the stick can also be pre-moistened with water). This leaves

behind a thin layer of mineral salts on the skin's surface. That layer of salt prevents body

sweat from coming into contact with odor-causing bacteria. Crystal deodorants are designed

to prevent naturally odorless sweat from becoming a breeding ground for bacteria. Most
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation


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commercial deodorant products contain antibacterial agents or perfumes to prevent body odor

or mask its scent.

Potassium alum is a natural anti-microbial that inhibits the growth of odor-causing

bacteria. As an anti-microbial potassium alum adjusts the pH of the skins surface and creates

an environment where bacteria cannot grow. Therefore, odor is prevented, and the body is

able to maintain its proper course of eliminating toxins through sweat, as well as controlling

body temperature, all without odor.

5.5 Advantages of crystal deodorant over others deodorantCrystal deodorants contain no parabens. Parabens which are used as preservatives. The

problem with them is that they are similar to oestrogens in their activity and may disrupt the

proper functioning orhormones in the body. There are studies showing that parabens have

been found in the tumours from breast cancersufferers. They are mostly found in the area

nearest to the underarm in the outer parts of the breast. Propylene glycol which is an agent

that prevents substances from drying out. Propylene glycol was (and still is) used as an anti-

freeze and it has found its way into deodorant. It is aneurotoxin that has been known to cause

contact dermatitis, kidney and liver damage.

6.0 ISSUES WITH CRYSTAL DEODORANT6.1 Aluminium free?From Dr. Mercolas site: Some of the most popular natural deodorants are the crystal

deodorant stones and sprays. But most people dont know that these crystal deodorant

products contain aluminum. The crystal deodorant stones are made from alum. The most

widely used form of alum used in the personal care industry is potassium alum. The full

chemical name of potassium alum is potassium aluminum sulfate. Lets get this straight.

Even though aluminum is widely distributed in the earths crust, it is NOT needed in ANY

amounts in your body. All evidence to date points to aluminum as a poison that serves no

beneficial role in your body and should be avoided. Aluminum is widely recognized as a

neurotoxin, which has been found in increased concentrations in the brains of people with

Alzheimers disease.Unfortunately, if you use antiperspirants or some deodorants, you are

most likely exposing yourself to aluminum. Aluminum salts can account for 25 percent of the
http://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/parabens.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/hormones.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/parabens.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/breast-cancer.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/propylene-glycol.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/propylene-glycol.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/deodorant.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/neurotoxin.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/neurotoxin.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/deodorant.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/propylene-glycol.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/propylene-glycol.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/breast-cancer.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/breast-cancer.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/parabens.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/hormones.cfmhttp://www.healthymuslim.com/tags/parabens.cfm


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volume of some antiperspirants. A review of the common sources of aluminum exposure for

humans found that antiperspirant use can significantly increase the amount of aluminum

absorbed by your body. According to the review, after a single underarm application of

antiperspirant, about .012 percent of the aluminum may be absorbed. Multiply this by one or

more times a day for a lifetime and you can have a massive exposure to aluminum a

poison that is not meant to be in your body. Antiperspirants work by clogging, closing, or

blocking the pores that release sweat under your arms with the active ingredient being

aluminum. Not only does this block one of your bodys routes for detoxification (releasing

toxins via your underarm sweat), but it raises concerns about where these metals are going

once you roll them (or spray them) on.

From Naturally Freshs Website: Do your products contain aluminum? No, Naturally

Fresh Deodorant Crystals contain the naturally occurring compound Alum (Potassium or

Ammonium), not to be confused with harmful processed aluminum (Aluminum Zirconium or

Aluminum Chlorohydrate). Technically speaking, aluminum is a metal while Alum is a

compound. Many of these processed aluminum molecules can be absorbed into the skin and

bloodstream. Alum molecules create a barrier against odor causing bacteria and contain a

large molecule which does not penetrate the surface of the skin.

Another online article: Potassium alum is a naturally occurring form of aluminum salt.

The difference between potassium alum and aluminum chlorohydrate is that potassium alum

is a much larger molecule, not thought to be absorbable through human skin.

From Beauty Brains forums said that The natural crystal deodorant do contain

aluminium in its main ingredients; the potassium alum or known as potassium aluminium

sulphate. However, this kind of deodorant is better than other type of deodorant for its not

stopping the sweating process instead it helps to control the growth of bacteria which is the

reason for your body stinks.

6.2 Cancer and Alzheimer contributorsAn article in theJournal of the National Cancer Institute (Oct 16, 2002) concluded that

there was no connection between use of antiperspirants and the risk of breast cancer. More

recently, though, a study suggests that aluminum compounds can change the way breastcells divide, even at low concentrations (Journal of Applied Toxicology, online, Jan. 6,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=sappino%20aluminium%20chloride%20mammaryhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=sappino%20aluminium%20chloride%20mammaryhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=sappino%20aluminium%20chloride%20mammaryhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=sappino%20aluminium%20chloride%20mammary


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2012). The authors of this research conclude: "Our observations do not formally identify

aluminium [British spelling for aluminum] as a breast carcinogen, but challenge the safety

ascribed to its widespread use in underarm cosmetics." There is also research to suggest

that aluminum concentrates in breast tissue, possibly from exposure to aluminum-

containing antiperspirants (Journal of Applied Toxicology, April, 2011).

A study in theJournal of Inorganic Biochemistry(Nov. 2011) points out that: "The

human breast is exposed to aluminium from many sources including diet and personal care

products, but dermal [skin] application of aluminium-based antiperspirant salts provides a

local long-term source of exposure." These researchers note that nipple aspirate fluids have

been shown to contain aluminum at higher levels in breast cancer patients than from

healthy control subjects "providing evidence of raised aluminium levels in the breast

microenvironment when cancer is present."

A thoughtful review of this entire topic was published in Best Practice & Research. Clinical

Endocrinology and Metabolism by a British oncology professor. Some of the comments

include:

"Several components of cosmetics have genotoxic properties, including

the aluminium salts.."

"Dermal absorption of topically applied antiperspirant aluminium salts

has been demonstrated through intact mouse skin and and the skin of the

human underarm. Aluminium in the form of aluminium chloride or

aluminium chlorhydrate has been shown capable of interfering with the

function of oestrogen receptors of human breast cancer cells both in

terms of ligand binding and oestrogen-regulated gene expression." That

is, these compounds may act as hormone disruptors.

It will probably take many more years to resolve the controversy about any relationship

between aluminum and breast cancer. In the meantime, people who seek to avoid aluminum

in their armpits will probably want to look beyond crystal-type natural deodorants. Many

people find that milk of magnesia applied to the underarm helps against odor, so that may

be an attractive alternative.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337589http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337589http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337589http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22099158http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22099158http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22099158http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22099158http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337589


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6.3 Aluminium toxicokineticsAccording to review by researchers in University of Kentucky Medical Center, Aluminium

may distribute to the brain from the nasal cavity, but the significance of this exposure route is

unknown. Systemic Al bioavailability after single underarm antiperspirant application may be

up to 0.012%. This MiniReview updates and expands the MiniReview of aluminium

toxicokinetics by Wilhelm et al. published by this journal in 1990. The use of 26Al, analyzed

by accelerator mass spectrometry, now enables determination of Al toxicokinetics under

physiological conditions.

7.0 ALTERNATIVE DEODORANT AND ANTIPERSPIRANT7.1 Sodium CarbonateThere are many more natural ways to prevent your body from being smelly. One of them is

by using baking soda, which can easily found in your kitchen. Its scientific name is sodium

carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate, chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystallinebut often appears as a fine powder. It

has a slightly salty alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The

natural mineral form is nahcolite.

Figure 9: Sodium Bicarbonate chemical structure

Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names

other than baking soda such as bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda or simply

bicarb. The wordsaleratus, from Latinsal ratus meaning aerated salt, was widely used in

the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. The term has now

fallen out of common usage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahcolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahcolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound


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Baking soda, aka sodium bicarbonate, helps regulate pHkeeping a substance neither

too acidic nor too alkaline. When baking soda comes in contact with either an acidic or an

alkaline substance, its natural effect is to neutralize that pH. Beyond that, baking soda has the

ability to retard further changes in the pH balance, known as buffering. This dual capability

of neutralizing and buffering allows baking soda to do things such as neutralize acidic odors

(like in the refrigerator) as well as maintain neutral pH (like in your laundry water, which

helps boost your detergents power). Its a simple reaction, but one that has far-reaching

effects for a number of cleaning and deodorizing tasks.

Baking soda works wonders as deodorant because it neutralizes the odour of sweat.

Just sprinkle a light covering of baking soda onto a damp washcloth. Then pat on your

underarm and dont rinse. Baking soda added to water raises the temperature slightly.Chemical reaction between baking soda and water is exothermic and so the water gets a little

warmer. This is because the binding energy of the chemical bonds of the products has an

excess over the binding energy of the components. Therefore, energy is released and the

water warms up.

The cause of body odour is due to the presence of bacteria on your skin that breaking

down your sweat. The bacteria are able to live on your skin because of the pH is too alkaline

that favoured their growth. Thus, when you applied baking soda as above, it will neutralizethe skin surface. Bacteria cannot continue living on your skin because it is not alkaline

anymore, and solve your body odour problem.

Figure 10: Baking soda powder


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7.2 Control body pHOur body already have natural mechanism to prevent it from bacteria growth. As for sweating

process, as sebum and sweat mix up on the skin surface, they form a protective layer often

referred to as the acid mantle. Acid mantle has a particular level of acidity characterized by

pH from about 4 to 5.5 meaning it is mildly acidic that prevents the growth of pathogenic

bacteria and fungi.

According to Dr. Danny Siegenthaler, one of the main influences on the skin's pH is

regular soap which is very alkaline; usually having a pH range of nine to 11. This makes the

skin's acid mantle a lot more alkaline and prone to bacterial growth and increased body

odour. This can be prevented by using pH balance body washes that are designed to help the

skin maintain healthy pH levels.

Figure 11: pH balance body wash product

7.3 Apple cider vinegar or vinegarOther than that, According to Health-911, as an alternative to deodorant you may use apple

cider vinegar or white vinegar. Simply dab a cotton ball in vinegar and wipe on the skin. This

reduces body odor because it increases the acidity of the skin and bacteria cannot survive in

such conditions.


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Figure 12: Apple cider vinegar product

7.4 10 Ways to Eliminate Body Odor Naturally

Lime (Citrus auntifolia)Lemon juice mixed with a little whiting and gets rubbed such as armpits believed to repel

unpleasant body odor.

Figure 13: Lime fruit

Betel leaf (Piper betle)Betel leaves are long known efficacious as an antiseptic also known to contain active

substances that can eliminate body odor. Betel known especially potent eliminate body odor


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caused by these bacteria or fungi. Chemical constituents in betel leaf essential oils include

kadinen, kavikol, sineol, eugenol, karvakol and tanning substances.

To eliminate body odor, one way is to soak some hot water. Once cool, the water is drunk.

White sugar may be added to taste. Another way is to smooth the betel leaf with lime and

then applied to the armpit.

Figure 14: Betel Leaves

Clove (Eugenia aromatica)Soak a few of clove bud soaked until it is expands, the water is ready to be served. Water

decoction of clove bud with some brown sugar can also be refreshments and warmth the body

during raining season.

Figure 15: Some of clove buds

Ginger Rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza)

Substances - substances contained in turmeric is saponin, flavoinoida and essential oils to

eliminate body odor. The trick is to drink boiled ginger rhizome that has been cut - cut finely.

Water that has been shredded ginger juice with a little honey can also be taken to eliminate


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odor out of the body. Additionally, grated ginger can also be massaged into the entire body,

and left to dry before being cleared to get maximum results.

Figure 16: Turmeric

Leaves Beluntas (Pluchea indica)

Plant commonly used as a living fence has a characteristic smell and taste bitter horsefly.

Leaves and flowers containing alkali which acts as an antiseptic. Chemical content such as

amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine), fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron

vitamins A & C. To eliminate body odor, leaves ordinary beluntas engulfed in raw or

steamed first. Beluntas leaves that have been boiled is also delicious eaten as ointment

(vegetables with grated coconut flavored).

If you often eat leaves beluntas, body odor will disappear. In addition, the lack of bad breath

odor will disappear. For those who do not like it, get by drinking boiled water leaves every

morning and afternoon. Beluntas also beneficial lowering body temperature ,so much sweat

and body temperature to drop.

Figure 17:Pluchea indica sp.

Cucumber (Cucumis Savitus)

One young cucumber fruit peeled and rubbed on the body part that smells up again after abath.


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Figure 18: Cucumber

Basil leaves (Ocimun Baliscium)

The active substances contained in the leaves of basil also works as an antiseptic. To get the

benefit the leaf could also being made as a salad or use as a vegetable raw ointment. Basil

leaves also contain substances that increase appetite. For women who are menstruating, if

you eat basil leaves roughly one cell in the morning and afternoon during the period will

avoid the odors that often affect women menstruation.

Figure 19: A bouquet of Basil leaves

Bunga kantan (Nicolaia speciosa)

The active substances contained which can eliminate body odor is saponin, flavoinoida and

polyphenols. Bunga kantan can be used to cook the young leaves and flowers are eaten as a

companion to eat rice. Bunga kantan superbly cooked as a vegetable lodeh.


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Figure 20: Few stalks of Bunga Kantan

Ginger (Zingiber Officanale)

Many Indians believe that if you consume ginger make them smell sweet.

According to Peng Chao Ching of the emperor Shen Nong (3000 BC), fresh ginger can

eliminate body odor and closer to the spiritual aura. Ginger terarur if consumed can be very

helpful to overcome the problem of body odor.

Figure 21: Ginger

Purut orange (Citrus Bystrix)

Yuan bark contains essential oils smell nice. Kaffir lime can be used to eliminate body odor

by drinking juice mixed with a lime peel kencur mashed together and enough water

Figure 22: Kaffir Lime


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8.0REFERENCESBrindza Paul (2013). Does baking soda lower water temperature? If so, why? Accessed from

http://education.jlab.org/qa/bakingsoda_01.html on May 10, 2013.

Anonymous (2013). Sodium Bicarbonate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate

Annie B. Bond (1999). The difference between deodorant and anti perspirant.

http://www.care2.com/greenliving/deodorant-or-antiperspirants.html

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The Crystal Deodorant

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