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69 1970–1979 Lesson 8 Teacher’s Guide LESSON 8 The Decade of 1970–1979 LESSON ASSIGNMENTS You are encouraged to be very attentive while viewing the video program. Review the video objectives and be prepared to record possible answers, in abbreviated form, as you view the video. The topics and time periods may differ from the chapters of the textbook your school system is using. Each video program chronicles a wide array of events and personalities during a specific decade of the 20th century. Keep in mind that one of the overarching goals of each lesson is to help you understand how past historical events and actions by historical personalities did not occur in a vacuum, and that they are inextricably interwoven in your society today. Video: “The Decade of 1970–1979” from the series, The Remarkable 20th Century. Activities: Your teacher may assign one or more activities for each lesson. OVERVIEW The decade of the 1970s saw the end of the Vietnam War, the death of Elvis Presley and the revelation of Watergate and the birth of the microprocessor, or “the computer on a chip.” Videocassette recorders changed home entertainment forever. The sites of DNA production on genes were discovered, and the fledgling research in genetic engineering was temporarily halted pending further development of safer techniques. Three presidents (Nixon, Ford, and Carter) tried to provide leadership for the nation as it marched towards advances for women, civil rights, the environment, and space exploration. Many of the “radical” ideas of the 1960s reached fruition in the 1970s and were mainstreamed into American life and culture. The violence, however, of the 1960s did not end. The anti-war movement was still alive and erupted in the Kent State massacre.Violence was not confined to the war, as forced busing to achieve racial integration, especially in Boston, caused disruption to the educational process. George Lucas’ Star Wars joined the Apollo program in taking people into outer space. The 1970s was the decade of blockbuster movies with such high tech movies as The Godfather, Rocky and Jaws. The movies were joined by television in exploring new frontiers with programs like “All in the Family” and “Saturday Night Live.” They brought humorous social satire to the screen and satirized topics and people once thought “off limits.” Will Rogers would have been astounded at the attacks on the
Transcript
Page 1: The Decade of 1970 1979 - Destination Education, Incshopgpn.com/guides/795_0008g.pdf · The Decade of 1970–1979 ... (Nixon, Ford, and Carter) ... Access the “Watergate: A Chronology”

69

1970–1979 Lesson 8

Teacher’s Guide

LESSON 8The Decade of 1970–1979

LESSON ASSIGNMENTSYou are encouraged to be very attentive while viewing the video program. Reviewthe video objectives and be prepared to record possible answers, in abbreviatedform, as you view the video. The topics and time periods may differ from thechapters of the textbook your school system is using. Each video programchronicles a wide array of events and personalities during a specific decade of the20th century. Keep in mind that one of the overarching goals of each lesson is tohelp you understand how past historical events and actions by historicalpersonalities did not occur in a vacuum, and that they are inextricably interwovenin your society today.

Video:

“The Decade of 1970–1979” from the series, The Remarkable 20th Century.

Activities:

Your teacher may assign one or more activities for each lesson.

OVERVIEWThe decade of the 1970s saw the end of the Vietnam War, the death of Elvis Presleyand the revelation of Watergate and the birth of the microprocessor, or “thecomputer on a chip.” Videocassette recorders changed home entertainmentforever. The sites of DNA production on genes were discovered, and the fledglingresearch in genetic engineering was temporarily halted pending furtherdevelopment of safer techniques.

Three presidents (Nixon, Ford, and Carter) tried to provide leadership for thenation as it marched towards advances for women, civil rights, the environment,and space exploration. Many of the “radical” ideas of the 1960s reached fruition inthe 1970s and were mainstreamed into American life and culture.

The violence, however, of the 1960s did not end. The anti-war movement was stillalive and erupted in the Kent State massacre. Violence was not confined to the war,as forced busing to achieve racial integration, especially in Boston, causeddisruption to the educational process.

George Lucas’ Star Wars joined the Apollo program in taking people into outerspace. The 1970s was the decade of blockbuster movies with such high tech moviesas The Godfather, Rocky and Jaws. The movies were joined by television in exploringnew frontiers with programs like “All in the Family” and “Saturday Night Live.” Theybrought humorous social satire to the screen and satirized topics and people oncethought “off limits.” Will Rogers would have been astounded at the attacks on the

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Lesson 8 1970–1979

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political leaders. Scandals such as Watergate, the Pentagon Papers, and SpiroAgnew’s resignation provided a never-ending supply of material for “talk show”hosts.

Television not only gave us the “Watergate hearings” but also Bert and Ernie as“Sesame Street” hit the television screen and generations of children wereintroduced to the world of education by Count Dracula and other “SesameStreet” characters.

LESSON GOALSTo assess the importance the Vietnam War had on future U.S. foreign anddomestic affairs.

To evaluate the impact the Watergate scandal had on the following:

• the power of the executive branch of government.

• the public perception of politicians.

• the Democratic and Republican political parties.

VIDEO OBJECTIVESThe following objectives are designed to assist the viewer in identifying the mostsignificant aspects of the video segment of this lesson. You should take succinctnotes while viewing the video.

Video: “The Decade of 1970–1979”

1. Assess the significance of the Vietnam war on U.S. domestic andforeign policy.

2. Evaluate the implications of the Watergate scandal.

3. Identify and evaluate the key foreign policy accomplishments of theAmerican presidents in the 1970s.

4. Analyze the most significant advances and failures in the social and culturalfields in the 1970s.

5. Based on the “lessons” of the 1970s, determine what U.S. space explorationand oil policies should be in the 21st century.

6. Identify and explain the importance of the most significant internationalevents of the decade.

TIME CODESTime Code Year Topic Description00 :00 Opening Opening00 :30 1970 Overview Howard K. Smith intros the

decade02 :28 Title Episode VIII: 1970s

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Time Code Year Topic Description02 :32 1970 World Politics Nixon tries to end Vietnam War

but conflict in Cambodia expands War

04 :54 1970 US Politics/ Social Issues Campus Demonstrations: Kent State

05 :36 1970 World Politics My Lai Massacre06 :03 1970 Discoveries & Technology Apollo 13 mission aborted06 :40 1970 Social Issues / US Politics Earth Day; EPA07 :37 1970 Entertainment Music: Beatles break up, Deaths

of Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison08 :22 1970 Transportation 1st passenger jumbo jet08 :43 1971 Discoveries & Technology Portable electronic calculator;

silicon chip microprocessor09 :34 1971 Social Issues Charles Manson murder trials; TV

in more homes10 :41 1971 Entertainment TV: "All in the Family"; Music:

Led Zeppelin; Fashion: hot pants, platform shoes, polyester, leisure suits

12 :32 1972 World Politics Nixon goes to China & Soviet Union; ABM Treaty & SALT; Bombing of Hanoi

15 :29 1972 Entertainment/ World Politics

Sports: Olympics – Mark Spitz, Olga Korbut, Black September Terrorists

16 :36 1972 US Politics George Wallace is shot; Nixon wins re-election

17 :12 1972-74 Entertainment Movies: The Godfather I & II17 :53 1972 Social Issues Women’s Movement & ERA18 :55 1972-75 Discoveries & Technology Apollo – 5 more moon missions21 :02 1973 World Politics Vietnam War lost for US23 :18 1972 Entertainment TV: "Mash", "Happy Days";

Movies : American Graffiti24 :04 1973 Discoveries &

TechnologiesDNA cloning & genetic engineering

25 :35 1973 Social Issues Roe v. Wade – abortion issue25 :58 1972-73 US Politics Watergate: Woodward &

Bernstein, Senate Watergate Hearings; Agnew Resigns

28 :58 1973 Overview Howard K. Smith segues between 1st and 2nd half of 1970 decade: Novelties (pet rocks) and Firsts (ATMs)

29 :32 1973 World Politics Arab-Israeli Conflict31 :07 1973 Economy Arab Oil Embargo31 :51 1974 Social Issues Patty Hearst is kidnapped by SLA32 :41 1974 Entertainment Sports: baseball & Hank Aaron;

Dance: Mikhail Baryshnikov defects

33 :35 1974 US Politics Nixon resigns; Ford pardons Nixon

35 :43 1975 World Politics Fall of Saigon; Pol Pot, Khmer Rouge & Cambodia

37 :04 1975 Discoveries & Technology Ch’in Dynasty Tomb uncovered37 :21 1975 World Politics Francisco Franco dies; Juan Carlos

becomes King of Spain37 :54 1975 Discoveries & Technology Personal computer & Apple

computer38 :55 1975/76 Entertainment Movies: Jaws, Rocky; Sports:

"Thrilla in Manila"40 :09 1976 Transportation Supersonic passenger jet40 :28 1976 US Politics US 200th Birthday; Ford loses to

Carter

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WEB ACTIVITIESThese activities are not required unless your teacher assigns them. They areoffered as suggestions to help you learn more about the material presented inthis lesson.

Activity 1—Watergate

Access the following National Archives and Records and Administration Web siteand review the information:

http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/watergate/watergat.html

Access the “Watergate: A Chronology” Web site and review the information:

http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/watergate/chronolo.html

Access the “Memorandum to Leon Jaworski” Web site and review its contents:

http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/watergate/memoran1.jpg

Answer the following questions:

1. Who was Leon Jaworski?

2. Why was Richard Nixon facing impeachment charges?

3. What argument from each side seems the most persuasive to you? Why?

Time Code Year Topic Description42 :35 1976/77 Discoveries & Technology Viking I photos of Mars; Voyager

space probes43 :24 1977 Entertainment Movies: Saturday Night Fever,

Annie Hall, Star Wars; TV: "Roots"; Music: Elvis dies

45 :21 1978 Discoveries & Technology Test Tube Baby45 :33 1978 Social Issues Cults: Jim Jones & Guyana

murders/suicides; Pope John Paul II first Polish pope

46 :42 1978 World Politics US gives back Panama Canal; Camp David summit with Begin & S ada t

48 :04 1979 Social Issues Mother Teresa gets Nobel Peace Prize

48 :14 1979 World Politics Margaret Thatcher elected first female British prime minister

49 :28 1979 Discoveries & Technology Compact Discs49 :50 1979 Social Issues 3-Mile Island Disaster50 :23 1979 World Politics Sandinistas in Nicaragua; Soviets

invade Afghanistan; Iran occupies US Embassy

52 :41 1979 Overview Howard K. Smith talks about changes in US democracy: new power for women, African Americans, youths

54 :16 Closing Closing Credits

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Activity 2—Vietnam

Access the following Web sites for background information:

Vietnam: A Teacher’s Guidehttp://www.askasia.org/Vietnam_Challenge/curric/menu.htm

Vietnam War Encarta Reference Encyclopediahttp://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=00489000

A Vassar College Site. The Wars for Vietnam: 1945-1975http://students.vassar.edu/~vietnam/overview.html

History of Vietnam and the Vietnam Warhttp://www.vwam.com/vets/hisintro.html

Access the following two Web sites:

The Myth of the Girl in the Photohttp://www.vwam.com/vets/myth.html

The Three Wall Behind the Wall the Myth of VietnamVeteran Suicidehttp://www.vwam.com/vets/suicide.html

Write an analysis of one of the two preceding Web site articles by answering thefollowing questions:

1. Why was the article written?

2. Who was the author and was he qualified to write the article?

3. Did the author use documentation? If so, what is your assessment of thesources cited?

4. What statistics did the author cite to support his opinion?

5. Did you agree with the author’s conclusions. Why or why not?

6. List two things the author tells you about Vietnam that you didn’t knowbefore.

7. What question do you have that the author left unanswered?

8. What is the strongest argument the author makes that supports his opinion?

9. What is the weakest argument the author makes to support his opinion?

Review the following maps of Vietnam:

http://grunt.space.swri.edu/visit/maps/mapE.jpg

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/middle_east_and_asia/Vietnam.jpg

http://grunt.space.swri.edu/visit/maps/viet1.gif

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Access the National Archives “Map Analysis Worksheet” at http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/analysis/map.html and answer as many of the questions onthe worksheet as are pertinent to the map you select to analyze.

PRACTICE TESTAfter watching the video and reviewing the objectives, you should be able tocomplete the following Practice Test. When you have completed the PracticeTest, turn to the Answer Key to score your answers.

Multiple-choice

Select the single best answer. If more than one answer is required, it will be soindicated.

1. Which of the following occurred in the 1970s:

A. Middle East Peace Settlement (Camp David Agreement).

B. U.S. signs an agreement to turn over control of the Panama Canalto Panama.

C. Nixon travels to the Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union.

D. the Arab Oil Embargo.

E. all of the above occurred in the 1970s.

2. The ____Amendment ____the voting age to _____:

A. Twenty-sixth; raised; twenty-one.

B. Twenty-fourth; lowered; eighteen.

C. Twenty-fifth; raised; nineteen.

D. Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen.

3. The Watergate scandals caused by the actions of Richard Nixon’s staff in the1972 presidential campaign involved all of the following except:

A. ballot stuffing.

B. obstruction of justice.

C. use of the Internal Revenue Service to harass political opponents.

D. illegal use of the FBI and CIA.

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4. As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973:

A. the United States was to withdraw all its troops from Vietnam.

B. the United States was to stop all economic and military aid to SouthVietnam.

C. North Vietnam was to withdraw all its troops from South Vietnam.

D. the Viet Cong were to form a new government for Vietnam.

E. China and Russia pledged not to interfere in Vietnam affairs.

5. President Jimmy Carter’s most spectacular foreign-policy achievementwas the:

A. Panama Canal Treaty.

B. Helsinki accords.

C. Camp David Agreement between Israel and Egypt.

D. SALT II Treaty.

E. Rescue of the hostages held by Iran.

6. Which of the following did not occur in the 1970s:

A. DNA cloning.

B. the Supreme Court Case of Roe v. Wade.

C. the movie “Godfather” won an academy award as best motion picture.

D. the first “Earth Day.”

E. the passage of the ERA Amendment.

7. Which of the following did not occur in the 1970s:

A. George Wallace was shot.

B. the microprocessor was invented.

C. the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

D. Margaret Thatcher became the first female Prime Ministerin Great Britain.

E. John Paul II was the first French Pope of the Catholic Church.

Essay/Problem Questions

8. Other than the Vietnam War, what was the most significant event in foreignaffairs during the 1970s? Why?

9. What was the most important domestic event that occurred in the UnitedStates in the 1970s? Why?

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ANSWER KEYThe following provides the answers and references for the practice testquestions. Video objectives are referenced using the following abbreviations: V=Video Objective.

Multiple Choice: Essay/Problem Questions:

1. E Ref. V 3; 5; 6 8. Ref. V 1; 3; 6

2. D Ref. V 4 9. Ref. V 2; 4; 5

3. A Ref. V 2

4. A Ref. V 1; 3; 6

5. C Ref. V 3; 6

6. E Ref. V 4

7. E Ref. V 4; 6


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