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General description of the hydrometeorological phenomenaGeneral description of the hydrometeorological phenomena
As a side effect of “la Niña”
phenomena, an abnormal
and heavy rain affected most
of the northern areas of
Venezuela. In only the three
days, previous to the disas-
ter, the amount of rain was
over the total annual average
rate.
Torrential land slides evolutionTorrential land slides evolution
The steep and high mountains (1800 m) of
the coastal range, added to the heavy rain
and over saturated soils, triggered rocks,
land and mud slides that swiped away
trees and all kind of debris on its
pathway.
Aerial view of flows and alluvial fansAerial view of flows and alluvial fans
Camurí Chico
Los Corales
Macuto
Punta Mulatos
North central coast: Landslide, mud and debris flow and violent flooding
North central coast: Landslide, mud and debris flow and violent flooding
Source: R. Sancio & D. Salcedo & newspapers
Areas of intense erosion, landslides & mudflows
River beds and landslide pathway
Alluvial fans, sediments deposition and violent flooding
Coastal depositional fan deltas
Caracas
La Guaira
Maiquetía
El Ávila
Caraballeda
Massive erosion and loss of vegetationMassive erosion and loss of vegetation
Caraballeda
Tanaguarena
Flooded areas, and debris driven more than 100 km by the coastal currentsFlooded areas, and debris driven more than 100 km by the coastal currents
El Guapo dam’s rupture El Guapo dam’s rupture
70% of the water supply of the areas was lost with the rupture of the 60 m height dam with a capac-ity of 140 millions m3.
La Guaira - Maiquetía
LA GUAIRA: Historical colonial sector and Port facilitiesLA GUAIRA: Historical colonial sector and Port facilities
Total damage vs. GDPTotal damage vs. GDP
1
10
100
1000
%
Total Damage vs. GDP
Perú, El NiñoEcuador, El Niño
Honduras, Mitch
Falcón
Miranda
Vargas
441515
8080
111166
166166
Distribution of total disaster’s lossesDistribution of total disaster’s losses
2069398
302257 211
VargasDistrito FederalMirandaFalcón
Other States
US$ 3,237 million
22%
36%29%
2% SocialsInfrastructureProductivesEnvironmentalOther damages
11%
National Emergency CommitteeNational Emergency Committee
Support group
Foods
Social organization
Hom eless & refugees
Health
Citizens' Security
Social Developm ent
Roads &Transport
Energy
Strategic Com m unications
W ater supply
Housin g
Infrastructure
Telecom m unications
International Support
Logistic Support
Com m unications & Support
G e nera l C o o rd in a tor
The role of new technologies (1)The role of new technologies (1)
The communications systems were a key aspect on the
rescue and emergency activities. In an area, where the
normal telephone lines and the power supply were down,
the cellular phones were crucial, and the only mean of com-
munication.
The commercial TV channels, also played an important role
in helping the emergency activities
The role of new technologies (3)The role of new technologies (3)
SIGCO, is a WEB based public man-
agement system, that was developed
to provide consolidated, detailed and
validated information on international
cooperation that Venezuela received
and requires to deal with the emer-
gency
International cooperation information management system: SIGCO
The role of new technologies (4)The role of new technologies (4)
Several water treatment plants, medicines and com-munication equipment were purchased by UNDP with funds originating in dona-tions, channeled through OCHA, from the Govern-ments of Sweden, Norway, Canada, UK and others.
Procurement of goods and services
The role of new technologies (5)The role of new technologies (5)
Technical and material resources were mobilized to deal with the chemical emergency of Port of La Guaira, and to clean up the affected area. Specialists from the Relief Board and Germany (BASF and THW) came to advice on the chemical emergency.
Chemical pollution of Port of La Guaira
The role of new technologies (6)The role of new technologies (6)
A project of risk mapping have been launched with the aid
of new mapping techniques and the use of GIS. The central-
northern coast of Venezuela has been selected as pilot
project , for the national map.
Early warning systems have been designed and some are
under installation in several potentially dangerous streams
of the northern slope of the Coastal Mountain Range
The role of the UN System (1)The role of the UN System (1)
The United Nations System immediately activated the cooperation mechanisms to assist the Government during the emergency phase and support the recovery of affected areas.
On December 22nd, 1999 the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution which urges the international community to quickly respond and provide generous aid to Venezuela
During the emergency, the local UN Representative held periodical coordination meetings with the officers of the UN’s Agencies, bilateral donors and NGOs.
The role of the UN System (2)The role of the UN System (2)
The UNDP Emergency and Rehabilitation Unit, assigned a specialist to help in the formulation of rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes. Three experts prepared sev-eral projects on the matter, and are the basis for formu-lating a Program for the Rehabilitation of the Affected Areas.
UNDP launched a project on risk management to help the establishment of a national disaster prevention and man-agement system.
The role of the UN System (3)The role of the UN System (3)
Specialists from ECLAC, supported by US$ 120,000 from UNDP, prepared an evaluation of the social, economic and financial costs and damage of the disaster and a proposals of several rehabilitation and reconstruction projects. The Report was presented to the International Community at a meeting held in Madrid on 21 February 2000, which was jointly convened by IDB and the Government of Spain.
Evaluation of damage’s cost
The role of the UN System (4)The role of the UN System (4)
mobilized personnel to Caracas, prepared the SitReps, mobilized one million dollars, and channeled a further $24 million in bilateral aid, to provide humanitarian aid to the affected people.
funded, jointly with UNDP, SIGCO and kept there an updated information related to the disaster and humanitarian aid.
OCHA:
The role of the UN System (5)The role of the UN System (5)
set up a Venezuelan working group, with joint financing from the Andean Development Corporation (CAF) and UNDP, to characterize the disaster, and published the widely distributed report, : "Study of the effects of the December 1999 floods in Venezuela”.
OCHA:
The role of the UN System (6)The role of the UN System (6)
Agency ActionCAF Support –with UNDP- technical cooperation to
prepare a rehabilitation portfolio; Loans for reconstruction
IDB Mission to review project and identify resources, andto prepare an emergency operation
Emergency loan for US$ 20 million and reorientationof ongoing portfolio for $130 millions to coverrehabilitation needs.
Convened with the Government of Spain the Madridmeeting to channel international cooperation.
IMF Periodical contacts were maintained to keep the IMFinformed about the emergency & rehabilitation.
The role of the UN System (7)The role of the UN System (7)
Agency ActionUNICEF Training workshop “The return to happiness”, for parents and
teachers Implementation of proposals in Water-Sanitation
UNFPA Emergency kits for reproductive healthWFP $200,000 for locally purchased commodities
$5 million emergency program for food supplies to 110,000homeless approved.
PAHO/WHO Set up of an emergency room in Caracas for informationdissemination & installation of SUMA.
Missions of disaster specialists in epidemiology, mentalhealth, sanitation engineers & public health
The role of the UN System (8)The role of the UN System (8)
Agency ActionFAO Implemented a Technical Cooperation Project to
estimate losses & damages in their sectorUNESCO Int’l team of experts in education & ecological
disaster to evaluate technical assistance needsUNEP Director General travelled to Venezuela to evaluate
the possible support from UNEP & HABITAT Mission lead by the Regional Director to complement
the ECLAC’s missionWorld Bank Missions to review situation and identify resources,
as well as to prepare an emergency operation.
Examples of multi-bi cooperation Examples of multi-bi cooperation
The Government of Italy established, through UNDP, a $5
million dollars project to provide emergency assistance and
to start rehabilitation and reconstruction projects in the El
Guapo area.
The Swiss Agency for Humanitarian Aid and UNDP,
launched a project on hazards and risk evaluation.
Conclusions: Lessons learntConclusions: Lessons learnt
Establishment of efficient, adequate and timely information
systems (SIGCO as an example).
Need for a permanent and adequate emergency preparedness
system at National and UN’s Agencies levels.
The key role played by the international cooperation.