THE DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS

History of the field

Traditional Latin and Greek throughgrammar translation

    

How to learn to speak a L2 fast?

Audiolingualism - the „Army method”

Pronunciation and conversation drills Focus on speech No explanation

and translation

How to define language knowledge?

Council of Europe Language Project (John Trim)

- notions and functions for Threshold Levels- rigorous linguistic study intellectual basis for the development of ELT

How to best teach a langauge?

Behaviourism and Bloomfieldian Linguistics

Discrete items (Bloomfield, structuralism) Contrastive analysis (Lado) Conditioning (Pavlov, Skinner)

Why can’t kids imitate?

Cognitivism and Generative Grammar

Child language research (Berko) Cognitive development (Piaget) LAD (Chomsky) Deep structure – surface structure Competence – performance

Where do mistakes come from?

SLA research, Error Analysis and Interlanguage Theory

Transfer, interference, generalisation

(Corder, Selinker) Input Hypothesis (Krashen)

„Én röfög kicsi német”

Communicative Competence

CALP and BICS (Dell Hymes) Grammatical, discourse,

sociocultural,strategic competence (Canale and Swain)

Why don’t we say what we mean?

Gricean Maximsmannerqualityquantityrelevance

Speech Acts (Austin, Searle)

- John, the phone is ringing!- I’m in the bath!

- Locution - Illocution- Perlocution

How to read (between) the lines?

Joan: I mean, I don’t like this new emblem at all. Claire: The logo. Joan: Yeah, the castle on the Trent, It’s horrible. Claire: Did you get a chance to talk to him. Joan: Yeah. Claire: How does he seem?

Hey diddle, diddle, The cat and the fiddle, The cow jumped over the moon, The little dog laughed, To see such fun, And the dish ran away with the spoon.

„I don’t think it will work out – but maybe it will be useful after all.”

Contrastive rhetoric

Cultural thought patterns in writing (R. Kaplan)

English Semitic Oriental Romance Russian

The narrow definition of AL:„the showpiece of linguistics”

Language teaching theory, language pedagogy

Testing ground for linguistics

The broad definition of AL: „the basket of many goodies”

Theoretical orientation:

sociolinguisticspsycholinguisticspragmaticsL1 and L2 acquisitiondiscourse analysis

o Practical orientation

L1 and L2 teachingtranslationdiscourse and conversation analysislanguage planningLSPneurolinguisticscomputational linguistics

What is applied?

The methods and findings of variousdisciplines

New definitions of linguistics

Formal linguistics (Strevens)

a current best theory of language exists based on linguistics

task of the scholar: contribute to the development of theory

theory determines what research is needed

practice should be restricted to the validated results of that theory

Communicative linguistics

problem-driven empirically grounded multi-disciplinary contextualised view of language functionalist approach

What is linguistics about it?

AL investigates language in use

linguistic descriptions of language and methods of linguistic enquiry

aim is NOT to contribute to descriptions of language, but to solve practical problems