The development of a new production capability for 211 At. Jerry Nolen, John Greene, Martin Alcorta, Bradley Micklich, Shaofei Zhu, Chithra Nair, and Irshad Ahmad, Physics Division Samuel Baker, Environment, Safety, & Quality Assurance Division Argonne National Laboratory - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The development of a new production capability for 211 At This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE- 8th International Symposium on Targeted Alpha Ther Jerry Nolen, John Greene, Martin Alcorta, Bradley Micklich, Shaofei Zhu, Chithra Nair, and Irshad Ahmad, Physics Division Samuel Baker, Environment, Safety, & Quality Assurance Division Argonne National Laboratory Chin-Tu Chen, Sean S. H. Cheng, Leuwei Lo, and Patrick Michael, Department of Radiology Anhui Wu, Muriel Lainé, and Geoffrey Green, the Ben May Department for Cancer Research University of Chicago Michael Zalutsky, Duke University and University of Chicago h physics support: Fred Monette, Gordon Johnson, and Angel Ga
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The development of a new production capability for 211At
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The 8th International Symposium on Targeted Alpha Therapy
Jerry Nolen, John Greene, Martin Alcorta, Bradley Micklich,Shaofei Zhu, Chithra Nair, and Irshad Ahmad, Physics Division
Samuel Baker, Environment, Safety, & Quality Assurance Division
Argonne National Laboratory
Chin-Tu Chen, Sean S. H. Cheng, Leuwei Lo, and Patrick Michael, Department of Radiology
Anhui Wu, Muriel Lainé, and Geoffrey Green, the Ben May Department for Cancer Research
University of Chicago
Michael Zalutsky, Duke University and University of Chicago
Health physics support: Fred Monette, Gordon Johnson, and Angel Garcia
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US Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Isotopes Panel
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First recommendation of the NSAC-I panel
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Addressing the shortage identified by the NSAC-I panel: expanding accelerator-based production of alpha-emitting isotopes Case 1: production of 225Ac/213Bi and 211Rn/211At generators by proton spallation of
thorium– Proposed by Argonne and ICGomes, Inc.– Large yield predicted for protons above 100 MeV– DOE funded for validation of 225Ac yields
• Collaboration of Argonne, FermiLab, ICGomes, Inc., and NorthStar Medical Isotopes• Production test with FermiLab 8-GeV beam successfully completed in 2011 • Separation and purification chemistry was carried out at Argonne Chemistry Division
Case 2: production of 211At at low energies with alpha or lithium beams– Direct production of 211At (7-hour half-life) via the 209Bi(alpha,2n) reaction at alpha beam
energy below 30 MeV to avoid 210At/210Po impurity– Production of 211At via 211Rn generator (14-hour half-life) via the 209Bi(7Li,5n) reaction – High power liquid-metal cooled target concept developed to enable extrapolation to
high beam power– Subject of proposed DOE/ONP R&D at ANL/PHY/ATLAS
The development of a new production capability for 211At
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Abstract
Critically needed radionuclides for cancer therapy include the alpha-emitter 211At and potentially therapeutically useful Auger-electron emitters. The ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System) superconducting linac at Argonne National Laboratory should be suitable for the production of these radionuclides. Our work is initially focusing on demonstrating production capabilities for 211At (7.2 h half-life) using the 209Bi(7Li,5n)211Rn or the 209Bi(6Li,4n)211Rn reaction. Cross sections for these reactions peak in the range of several hundred mb [1] making production of 10’s of mCi per batch feasible using only a very small percentage of the accelerator beam time. Presently, R&D with 211At is primarily at 3 facilities in the U.S. using the 209Bi(α,2n)211At reaction at in-house cyclotrons. R&D nation-wide with 211At is limited due to its short half-life. By using one of the lithium induced reactions, the 211At daughter is extracted from the parent 211Rn, which has a half-life of 14 h, significantly extending the time-frame for effective distribution and use of this important radionuclide. The impact of the half-life difference is illustrated in the figure below. ATLAS is an appropriate and flexible accelerator for the production of medical isotopes because it can provide beams of any ion including protons, helium, lithium, and heavier ions with energies adjustable over a wide range. An upgrade of the accelerator and the shielding is in progress. Following the completion of this work in the fall of 2013, currents of ion beams up to 10 particle microamps or more will be available. To fully implement isotope production capability using these more intense beams, a new irradiation cave has been proposed. These combined upgrades will enable yields of 100 mCi of 211Rn/211At using ~10 hours of beam time per batch.1. Meyer GJ, Lambrecht RM, Excitation function for the 209Bi(7Li, 5n)211Rn nuclear reaction, Inter. J. of App. Rad. and Isotopes, 31(1980)351-355.
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Excitation function for production of 211Rn precursor of 211At
The proposed development enables overnight delivery of 211At to any facility in the U.S.
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Growth and decay of 211At
211At from 211Rn
211Rn decay
211At direct decay
Alpha vs. lithium advantages/disadvantages Alpha Cross section gives larger initial activity Target must be dissolved each run Dry distillation or wet extraction
Lithium 14 hour half-life > useful yield 1-3 days after production Continuous extraction of 211Rn from the target Simple physical extraction of 211At from the “generator”
R&D on lithium method in collaboration with Michael Zalutsky (Duke & Chicago) with interested users at Univ. Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Location of proposed production cave in area 2
Radiation handling at ATLAS
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Glove box and hood at ATLAS
Existing beam lines and apparatus at ATLAS
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Scattering chamber at ATLAS
Beamline and target assembly
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Health physicist,Post-doc,Undergraduate
Target/ helium plumbing/ heater assembly
Havar window
32 mg/cm2 Bi on Ni
Carbon trap and corn-oil bubblers
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Activated carbon trap
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Counting 211Rn trapped in charcoal (left)Counting 211At extracted from charcoal (right)
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Target assembly, 211Rn trap, 211At elution
X-ray Spectra of elution from charcoal
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x-rays from 211At electron capture, no 207Po, no 211Rn
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Summary Clinically useful quantities of the alpha emitter 211At can be produced
with low energy light ions at the upgraded ANL/PHY ATLAS facility using small fraction of the annual beam time The production via the 211Rn/211At generator approach can greatly
extend the national availability of this isotope by effectively doubling its life-time
R&D of this alternative method began recently with a test run at ATLAS
Next step to use RGA to measure continuous release of Xe from hot, solid Bi
