Pro
fessor
Geth
in W
yn R
obert
sD
ean o
f Scie
nce a
nd E
ngin
eeri
ng
The U
niv
ers
ity o
f N
ott
ingham
Nin
gbo,
Chin
a
••
The D
evelo
pm
ent
of G
NSS
(and o
ther
surv
ey
technolo
gie
s)
for
Hig
h
Ris
e B
uildin
g S
urv
eyin
g
Un
ive
rsit
y o
f N
ott
ing
ha
m
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Mal
aysi
a
Ch
ina
1785 a
tele
scope t
heodolite
develo
ped
Used in 1
787 t
o t
ie in F
rench-E
nglish
tria
ngula
tion s
yste
m
1926,
velo
city o
f light
dete
rmin
ed b
y m
easuring
tim
e o
f flig
ht
of
light
1929,
suggeste
d t
his
could
be u
sed t
o m
easure
dis
tance
1948-1
953 A
GA G
eodim
ete
r
His
tory
Tota
l sta
tions,
reflecto
rless T
S,
laser
scanners
, dig
ital photo
gra
mm
etr
y,
LID
AR,
GPS,
GN
SS,
GBSAR e
tc e
tc e
tc e
tc
Soft
ware
, and m
ore
soft
ware
CPD
required f
or
continuous u
pdate
s a
nd t
rain
ing
Sin
ce t
hen…
.
Continued P
rofe
ssio
nal
Develo
pm
ent
Aft
er
IPD
–In
itia
l Pro
fessio
nal D
evelo
pm
ent
CPD
is r
equired –
Continuin
g P
rofe
ssio
nal
Develo
pm
ent
Main
tain
s k
now
ledge a
nd e
xpert
ise
Keeps e
ngin
eer
up t
o d
ate
ww
w.F
IG.n
et
Various r
egio
nal and inte
rnational m
eetings
Repository
of
info
rmation o
n t
he F
IG w
ww
Sharing g
ood p
ractices a
nd d
evelo
pm
ents
FIG
Work
ing G
roup 6
.1 –
Defo
rmation
Measure
ments
and A
naly
sis
Work
ing G
roup 6
.2 –
Engin
eering S
urv
eys f
or
Constr
uction W
ork
s a
nd S
tructu
ral Engin
eering
Work
ing G
roup 6
.3 –
Machin
e C
ontr
ol and
Guid
ance (
MCG
)
Work
ing G
roup 5
.5 –
Ubiq
uitous P
ositio
nin
g
Syste
ms (
Com
mis
sio
n 5
has lead a
nd w
ork
pla
n is d
escribed in C
om
mis
sio
n 5
work
pla
n)
FIG
Com
mis
sio
n 6
Vast
Develo
pm
ent
underw
ay
Hig
h S
peed T
rain
netw
ork
Hig
hw
ays
Pow
er
lines
Str
uctu
res,
tall b
uildin
gs,
dam
s
Ship
pin
g
Min
ing
Open p
it a
nd d
eep m
inin
g
GN
SS t
echnolo
gy d
ifficult in o
pen p
it
Inte
gra
tion w
ith o
ther
syste
ms e
g
Locata
lite
s
Mid
dle
East
Lots
of
constr
uction r
ela
ted w
ork
Tall b
uildin
gs
Burj
Khalifa
Buildin
g,
Dubai
829.8
4m
tall
829.8
4
Mid
dle
East
New
buildin
g p
lanned f
or
Qata
r
1001m
tall K
ingdom
Tow
er
1001
Difficult t
o u
se t
raditio
nal to
tal sta
tion
appro
ach t
o m
onitor
vert
icality
during
constr
uction
New
meth
ods inclu
de G
NSS a
nd T
ilt
Sensors
Bridge M
onitoring
Str
uctu
ral H
ealth M
onitoring S
yste
ms
Exam
ple
s inclu
de T
sin
g M
a B
ridge,
Sto
ne
Cutt
ers
Bridge,
Hong K
ong
Incheon B
ridge S
outh
Kore
a
Monitoring c
ould
enhance t
he life o
f th
e
str
uctu
re
Lo
cati
on
B s
pec
tral
an
aly
sis
B
Technic
al D
evelo
pm
ents
SAR,
GBSAR
Laser
scannin
g
GN
SS
Pseudolite
s a
nd locata
lite
s
Robotic T
ota
l Sta
tions
Need t
o k
eep a
bre
ast
of
develo
pm
ents
SAR
Synth
etic A
pert
ure
Radar
Data
in e
xis
tence f
or
many y
ears
Good m
eth
od f
or
defo
rmation m
onitoring o
f la
rge a
reas
Inclu
des m
inin
g s
ubsid
ence,
land
subsid
ence
GBSAR
Gro
und B
ased S
ynth
etic A
pert
ure
Radar
New
Develo
pm
ent
1/1
0m
m t
o 1
/100m
m
Up t
o 1
00H
z
100
Curr
ent
and P
lanned
Navig
ation S
ate
llite S
yste
ms
Glo
bal
Regio
nal
Augm
enta
tions
GPS
GLO
NASS
Galile
o
CO
MPASS
GIN
SS
QZSS
IRN
SS
WAAS
EG
NO
S
GAG
AN
SN
AS
CW
AAS
SD
CM
MSAS
Adapte
d f
rom
Gunte
r H
ein
, In
tern
ational G
PS/G
NSS S
ym
posiu
m 2
009,
Kore
a2009
CSTB
Thank y
ou
