THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA

APEH, chapter 16

Russia becomes sovereign

Slavic Princes had served the Mongol’s – paid homage These are local rulers of various regions through

what is today Russia, between Adriatic Sea and Caucus Mnts

Ivan (III) the Great expanded the principality of Moscow and stopped acknowledging the Mongol Khans Declared himself the autocrat of Moscow/Russia Forced weaker Slavic principalities to pay tribute to

him Instituted a tax system, postal route, and census Received support from the BOYARS (nobles)

Russia

Ivan IV (1533-1584) Took title “CZAR” (Caesar) Expanded territories east Reduced BOYAR’S,

nobility’s, power

Ivan IV TERRIBLE!

Ivan the Terrible 1560s: Ivan changes

Became suspicious of his closest advisors

Created a private police force to punish opposition

1565: seized land from 12,000 BOYARS

Killed thousands in Novgorod, suspected they wanted to separate from Russia

1581: killed his own son

Russia

“Time of Troubles” many rulers because of lack of heir

1613: Michael Romanov crowned czar

Russia

Russia dominated by landed aristocrats Abundance of land,

shortage of peasants made serfdom ideal for nobles

Bound peasants to the land

Merchants not allowed to move from cities

RUSSIA

Peter I 1682: became czar as child,

sister ruled until he was 17 6’9, coarse and crude 1697-1698: traveled west

in disguise Realized Russia was

backward Introduced reforms and

Western ideals Labored side-by-side with

thousands of carpenters building a navy

Peter the Great’s Reforms

Reorganized the government 1711: creates Senate to supervise

administration while he is away on military campaigns

Creates boards of administrations for specific functions Foreign affairs, war, justice

Divided Russia into fifty provinces 1722: Table of Ranks- creates

opportunities for non-nobles to serve and join nobility Nobility based on merit?!

Tried to adopt mercantilism but large military required raising taxes

Peter the Great’s Reforms

Peter’s main goal at Westernization was to make Russia a military power “window to the West” – port easily

accessible to West Baltic Sea only option – controlled

by Sweden Great Northern War (1701-1721)

Peace of Nystadt- Russia acquired Estonia, Livonia, Karelia; Sweden became second rate power

Peter built St. Petersburg on Baltic

Charles XII

“English Embankment,” St. Petersburg, Russia

Palace Square, St. Petersburg

Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood,St. Petersburg, Russia