THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING

FOR ENERGY, SEEA-ENERGY

Ole Gravgård Pedersen, Statistics Denmark

ogp@dst.dk

IAOS Conference on Official Statistics and the Environment

Theme 3: Integration of Environmental Information – Frameworks, Standards and Classifications

Santiago, Chile, 20-22 October 2010

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SEEA-Energy

• A new standard/information system on energy resources and on how energy is produced and used in the economy

• Covering a broad spectrum of energy issues

• An UNSD statistical standard within the UN suite of standards and publications

SEEA-ENERGY and some other members of the UNSD family

2008 SNASystem of

National Accounts

IRESInternational

Recommendations for Energy Statistics

SEEA-Water

SEEA System of

Economic-Environmental Accounting

UN Accounting Frameworks:

UN Frameworks for Basic Statistics:

Basic statistics

Accounts

Aggre- gates

ISICSIECUNFC

UNClassifications:

SEEA-Energy

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SEEA-Energy, SEEA and 2008 SNA

• SEEA-Energy uses the 2008 SNA and SEEA tool box Methods, terminology, definitions and classifications are the same, e.g.

- resources, products and residuals - residence principle

• However, the specific characteristics of energy (e.g. measuring units) is taken into account

• More precise/comprehensive than SEEA when it comes to energy

• Focus on links between accounts Asset (stock) accounts and flow accounts Physical accounts and monetary accounts

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SEEA-Energy, energy statistics and balances

• SEEA-Energy is based on - and have much in common with - energy statistics and energy balances, but not exactly the same scope and coverage

• SEEA-Energy has more focus on – The economic activities (as in National Accounts)– Monetary transactions related to energy (consistent with physical

flows)– Less emphasis on technologies– More emphasis on uses of energy

• Presentation and focus are different

• Link to IRES, the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics

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Main areas of SEEA-Energy

• Stock accounts (asset accounts) in physical and monetary units

• Flow accounts in the form of supply and use tables for energy products in physical and monetary units

• Hybrid accounts combining physical and monetary accounts

• Monetary 2008 SNA type accounts for economic activities and transfers related specifically to energy extraction, energy production and energy use

• Applications of the energy accounts

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SEEA-Energy - Chapters

Chapter 1 + 2: Introduction and Framework

Chapter 3: Physical asset accounts

Chapter 4: Monetary asset accounts

Chapter 5: Physical flow accounts

Chapter 6: Monetary and hybrid flow accounts

Chapter 7: Applications

A B C D H

1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc. 227 2272. Oil 724 355 1 079 932 2 0113. Natural Gas 437 369 806 8064. Electricity 187 187 24 2125. Heat 130 130 130

6. Renewable fuels and waste 39 55 1 95 17 113

Total supply of energy 39 1 161 410 688 2 298 1 200 3 498

TeraJoule

Im-ports

Other industries

Transportation and

storage

Agriculture, forestry

and fishing

Mining and

quarrying

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas

steam and air

conditioning supply

Industries by ISIC Total output

Total supply

Example: SEEA-Energy supply table for energy

A B C D H

1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc. 2 18 223 2432. Oil 34 2 382 16 621 49 1 1043. Natural Gas 2 30 39 452 12 5354. Electricity 7 34 33 6 35 1155. Heat 2 7 2 1 29 416. Renewable fuels and waste 3 4 69 1 77

Total use of energy 50 32 484 795 628 127 2 116

1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc. 1 - 21 2 - 18 225 2 2272. Oil 102 - 3 801 900 2 005 6 2 0113. Natural Gas 28 2 201 232 767 40 8064. Electricity 39 49 88 204 8 2125. Heat 63 63 104 26 130

6. Renewable fuels and waste 33 1 34 112 1 112Total use of energy 267 - 22 1 055 1 300 3 415 83 3 498

Intermediate Consumption, Industries by ISIC

Total use incl.

losses and returns

TeraJoule

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas

steam and air

conditioning supply

Agricu

lture, forestry and fishing

Mining and

quarrying

Final consumption Total use by the

economy

Losses and re-turns to

the environ-

ment

Con-sump-tion by house-holds

Chan-ges in inven-tories

Exports Total final con-

sump-tion

TeraJoule

Transp

ortation and storage

Other industries

Total Indu-stries

Example: SEEA-Energy use table for energy

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Use and usefulness of SEEA-Energy• Low cost extension of energy statistics and balances • Complete and coherent presentation of energy issues

with focus on economic activities

• Accounting principles with checks and balances leads to completeness and improved quality

• Consistency across time and countries

• Basis for economic-energy analysis and modelling

• Basis for (SEEA-) emissions accounts

• Basis for consistent indicators

Example of use of SEEA-Energy

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Million tonnes CO2

- 0,7 Actual change in emissions from 1990 to 2007

Calculated effect of economic growth on CO2-emissions + 22.6

- 11.5

- 4.2

- 7.6

Calculated effect of structural changes on CO2-emissions

Calculated effect of changes in energy efficiency on CO2-emissions

Calculated effect of shifting to other types of energy on CO2-emissions

Decomposition of energy use and emissions by underlying factors

Changes in Danish CO2- emissions 1990-2007

Note: The CO2-emissions are exclusive of emissions related to bunkering abroad and burning of biomass

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

SEEA-Energy vs. Energy Statistics

SEEA-Energy (residence principle)

Energy statistics (territory principle)

Danish Energy Use – GJ per million DKK GDP

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A statistical standard within the UN statistical system

• International agreed framework for organization of data • concepts • definitions • classifications• reporting by (inter-related) tables and accounts • universal relevance • applicability and feasibility of implementation• consensus

• Coherence and consistency – internally and externally (SEEA, SNA, ISIC, IRES, etc.)

• Established and maintained through a world wide consultation process

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Some challenges for SEEA-Energy

• Bridging energy statistics/balances and energy accounts

• Coherent terminology

• Coherence across different accounts

• Universal relevance, applicability and feasibility of implementation

• Balance between ambitions and feasibility

• Establishing a transparent process involving all stakeholders

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Where are we and what remains?So far:

• Part of UNSD work programme• The main part of the drafting has been done

Remaining work:

• Finish drafting

• Expert Group Meeting on Energy Accounts and Statistics

• World-wide consultation

• Adoption by the UN Statistical Commission

Implementation in countries !

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More information on SEEA-Energy

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seeae/