THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Megan Malach

THE STRUCTURES:MouthSalivary glandsEsophagusUpper esophageal sphincterLiverStomachPancreas

GallbladderLower esophageal sphincterDuodenumSmall intestineIleumJejunumLarge intestineColonAnus

MOUTH Chewing of food and digestion of starch Contains salivary glands, tongue, and

teeth in order to carry out this purpose Food is crushed so that it may be

passed along the esophagus and into the stomach

Mouth

SALIVARY GLANDS

Produce salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of polysaccharides to simpler carbohydrates

Moistens food so that it can be chewed and swallowed

Saliva also helps to clean the mouth and kill germs

ESOPHAGUS “Tube” that transfers food

from mouth to stomach When food enters, causes

contractions of muscle Contractions known as

“peristalsis”, this is how food is moved down to stomach

Peristalsis= why you can swallow upside down This kid is

trying to swallow upside down

LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER Sphincter

“above” stomach and “below” esophagus

When contracted, food cannot enter the stomach When open, food may pass

STOMA

CH

Storage of food and initial digestion of proteins

Secretes hydrochloric acid (HCL) (breaks down food as it is highly acidic), pesinogen (enzyme), and mucus

LIVER Secretes bile (helps with the

breakdown of fats in stomach), emulsifies fat

Bile helps move fat along, and helps absorb fat soluble vitamins (vitamins “trapped” in fat)

Liver controls use of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Largest organ in body

This is liver pate (I think there’s an accent on the e). It’s not actually as bad as it sounds...

PANCREAS Production of digestive

enzymes that act on food when it reaches the small intestine, stores bicarbonate ions to nuetralize HCL in stomach

Secretes pancreatic amylase (helps to break down carbohydrates), bicarbonate ions (to nuetralize HCL before it reaches the small intestine), trypsinogen, and lipase

GALLBLADDER Stores and

secretes concentrated bile from the liver

Can hold 50 mL of bile

Shaped like a pear

Comes in plush form!

PYLORIC ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER Muscle that helps control movement of

food Sphincter “below” stomach and “above”

small intestine When contracted, food cannot enter

stomach. When open, food can enter stomach The red

thingie is where the lower sphincter is. This one’s here.

DUODENUM Passage between stomach and

intestines Where food moves after mixing with

stomach acid Initial absorption of vitamins, minerals,

other nutrients, etc begins in duodenum Here, food mixes with bile from the

gallbladder and digestive juices from pancreas (amylase, bicarbonate ions, etc)

SMALL INTESTINE

Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids; the absorption

of nutrients Composed of

iluem (lower half) and

jejunum (upper half)

JEJUNU

M Vitamins A, D, sodium, water, and bile

salts absorbed here Most vitamins and minerals absorbed

into body than at any other stage of digestion

Directly follows the duodenum

ILEUM

Where any remaining nutrients from breakdown of protein (and some water-soluble vitamins) absorbed

Last part of ileum important, only place where vitamin B12 can be absorbed

LARGE INTESTINE Absorption of water

and storage of undigested food

Composed of three sections: ascending colon, traverse colon, and descending colon

Secretes mucus Produces solid waste

COLON Absorbs remaining

water and electrolytes from indigestible food

Absorbs fibre (which is

technically indigestible)

Keeps body’s fluids regulated

Forms and helps to dispose of feces

ANUS (YOU DON’T WANT TO SEE THE PICTURES ON GOOGLE FOR THIS ONE. TRUST ME.)

Connected to rectum (empties colon of feces)

Contains muscles (sphincters, internal and external) that are always contracted, so that feces only escape the body at an appropriate time

The end of the digestive system

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.vitallywell.net/images/digestive-syste

m-diagram.jpg http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/0

02347.htm http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-

meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=mouth&x=0&y=0

http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/d/demarco_a/toolsdev/finpro/s02osms.htm

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Nlofy7L_4ZE/TBMvCqKWrqI/AAAAAAAADnc/jA_RSVPyiJI/s1600/IMG_9068.JPG

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/salivary.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/pepsin.html

http://www.ece.ncsu.edu/imaging/MedImg/SIMS/GE1_3.html

http://www.eatatease.com/jejunum.html http://www.eatatease.com/ileum.html http://www.puristat.com/coloncleansing/colonfunc

tion.aspx http://www.cchs.net/health/health-info/docs/1600/

1699.asp?index=7041 http://alpinesurgical.net/uploads/expertise/esopha

gus.jpg

MORE BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.thefatlossauthority.com/fat_los

s_tips/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Liver-pate2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regions_of_stomach.svg/300px-Regions_of_stomach.svg.png

http://images.mylot.com/userImages/images/postphotos/2107804.jpg

http://static.neatoshop.com/images/product/42/942/Gallbladder-Plush_3667-l.jpg

http://www.drbhandari.com/images/esophagus.gif

http://s3.hubimg.com/u/2373094_f260.jpg http://lh3.ggpht.com/_eXgTWwvGr0A/SoO

nuUIe0BI/AAAAAAAAAYI/cHjzhWyRWxU/SmBowelAnat%5B3%5D.jpg

http://dirtpoormedic.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/large-intestines.png

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_E8BpJEni77I/S5kMZvbZLLI/AAAAAAAAL6o/CuRAPSA-WB0/s400/colonblow_2.png