The distribution of (un)acceptable tense mismatches … · Intro Data patterns Non-analyses...

Intro Data patterns Non-analyses Proposal Outlook

The distribution of (un)acceptable tensemismaches under TP ellipsis

Andres Saab Luis VicenteCONICET & Universidad Universitat Potsdam

de Buenos Aires

[handout and other materials: luisvicente.net/research.html]

Saab & Vicente Tense mismatches under ellipsis 0/48

http://www.luisvicente.net/research.html


(1) * MarıaMarıa

leyoread.PST

una

librobook

ayer,yesterday

yand

ElenaElena

[leeraread.FUT

una

libro]book

manana.tomorrow

[Brucart 1987. La elision sintactica en espanol. Bellaterra]

[Murguıa 2004. Syntactic identity and locality restrictions in verbal ellipsis. PhD, Maryland]



(2) Finiteness mismatch in VP ellipsis

MatıasMatıas

quierewants

quethat

vayago.SUBJ

ato

suhis

oficina,office

perobut

nonot

puedocan

[VP irgo.INF

ato

suhis

oficina].office



(2) Finiteness mismatch in VP ellipsis

MatıasMatıas

quierewants

quethat

vayago.SUBJ

ato

suhis

oficina,office

perobut

nonot

puedocan

[VP irgo.INF

ato

suhis

oficina].office

(3) Finiteness mismatch in sluicing

Nonot

cambiechange.PST

elthe

neumaticotire

porquebecause

nonot

sabıaknew

comohow

[TP

cambiarlo].change.INF.CL



(4) Mood/modality mismatch in sluicing

A: ¡Nonot

leCL

echesadd.IMP

tantaso.much

salsalt

alto.the

guiso!stew

B: ¿Por quewhy

[nonot

debomust

echarleadd.CL

tantaso.much

salsalt

alto.the

guiso]?stew



(4) Mood/modality mismatch in sluicing

A: ¡Nonot

leCL

echesadd.IMP

tantaso.much

salsalt

alto.the

guiso!stew

B: ¿Por quewhy

[nonot

debomust

echarleadd.CL

tantaso.much

salsalt

alto.the

guiso]?stew

(5) Mood mismatch in polarity ellipsis

MatıasMatıas

siemprealways

dejaleaves.IND

lathe

puertadoor

abiertaopen

porregardless

muchohow.much

quethat

leCL

pidamosrequest

quethat

nonot

[laCL

dejeleave.SUBJ

abierta].open



(6) Cleft-based sluicing

MatıasMatıas

estais

hablandotalking

conwith

alguien,someone

perobut

nonot

seknow

quienwho

[esis

pro].it



(7) Tense mismatch in habitual contexts

Antesin the past

mimy

padrefather

trabajabawork.IMPF

aquı,here

yand

ahoranow

yoI

tambientoo

[trabajowork.PRS

aquı].here

[Saab 2014. Ineffable narratives. Probus]



(8) Tense mismatch induced by sequence of tense over the ellipsis site

A: Al final,in the end

SusanaSusana

nonot

vienecomes.PRES

hoy.today

B: PuesPRT

estoyI.am

aquıhere

porquebecause

creıaI.thought

quethat

sıyes

[venıawas.coming

hoy].today



(8) Tense mismatch induced by sequence of tense over the ellipsis site

A: Al final,in the end

SusanaSusana

nonot

vienecomes.PRES

hoy.today

B: PuesPRT

estoyI.am

aquıhere

porquebecause

creıaI.thought

quethat

sıyes

[venıawas.coming

hoy].today

(9) Tense mismatch induced by sequence of tense over the antecedent

A: CreıaI.thought

quethat

SusanaSusana

venıawas.coming

hoy.today

B: YoI

tambienalso

loCL

creıa,thought

perobut

resultaturns.out

quethat

al finalin the end

nonot

[vienecomes.PRES

hoy].today



(10) Tense mismatch with episodic tenses

Scenario: Father gets ready to go out with friends for the second nightin a row, implicitly forcing Wife to take care of their kids on her own.Furious Wife explodes:



(10) Tense mismatch with episodic tenses

Scenario: Father gets ready to go out with friends for the second nightin a row, implicitly forcing Wife to take care of their kids on her own.Furious Wife explodes:

¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone



Column = antecedent; row = ellipsis site

PST PRS FUT

PST – ?? ??PRS X – ??FUT ?(?) ?? –

habitual (A) – habitual (E)




PST PRS FUT

PST – ?? ??PRS X – ??FUT ?(?) ?? –


PST PRS FUT

PST – * *PRS X – ??FUT n.t. *? –

episodic (A) – episodic (E)




PST PRS FUT

PST – ?? ??PRS X – ??FUT ?(?) ?? –


PST PRS FUT

PST – * *PRS X – ??FUT n.t. *? –


PST PRS FUT

PST – ?* *PRS X/? – *FUT n.t. n.t. –

SoT (A) – episodic (E)




PST PRS FUT

PST – ?? ??PRS X – ??FUT ?(?) ?? –


PST PRS FUT

PST – * *PRS X – ??FUT n.t. *? –


PST PRS FUT

PST – ?* *PRS X/? – *FUT n.t. n.t. –

SoT (A) – episodic (E)

PST PRS FUT

PST – X X

PRS X/? – X

FUT X n.t –

episodic (A) – SoT (E)



Generalization 1: a mismatch involving a future (either in the antecedent orthe ellipsis site) is unacceptable.

Generalization 2: a past can antecede a present, but a present can’tantecede a past.

Generalization 3: the previous generalizations don’t apply to cases wherethe elided tense is determined via sequence of tense.








(11) ¿Comohow.come

quethat

hoytoday

tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola?alone

¡Perobut

siPART

mananatomorrow

tambienalso

[tieneshave.PRS

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]!alone



(12) Background: having fielded an ineligible player during the first leg oftheir Copa del Rey round, Real Madrid were threatened withdisqualification. During the match, reporters started debating whetherthe second leg would ever get to be played.

* Contactamoswe.contact

conwith

elthe

estadiostadium

Carranza,Carranza

dondewhere

elthe

RealReal

MadridMadrid

yand

elthe

CadizCadiz

jueganplay.PRES

enin

estosthese

momentos;moments

todavıastill

nonot

sabemosknow

siif

dentrowithin

deof

dostwo

semanasweeks

tambienalso

[jugaran].play.FUT








(13) Scenario: Father gets ready to go out with friends for the second nightin a row, implicitly forcing Wife to take care of their kids on her own.Furious Wife explodes:

¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone



(13) Scenario: Father gets ready to go out with friends for the second nightin a row, implicitly forcing Wife to take care of their kids on her own.Furious Wife explodes:

¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone

(14) Scenario: same as above

* ¿Hoytoday

tengohave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola?alone

¡Perobut

siPART

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

[tuvehave.PAST

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]!alone








(15) A: Al final,in the end

SusanaSusana

nonot

vienecomes.PRES

hoy.today

B: PuesPRT

estoyI.am

aquıhere

porquebecause

creıaI.thought

quethat

sıyes

[venıawas.coming

hoy].today




SusanaSusana

nonot

vienecomes.PRES

hoy.today

B: PuesPRT

estoyI.am

aquıhere

porquebecause

creıaI.thought

quethat

sıyes

[venıawas.coming

hoy].today


SusanaSusana

nonot

vendracomes.FUT

manana.tomorrow

B: PuesPRT

estoyI.am

aquıhere

porquebecause

creıaI.thought

quethat

sıyes

[venıawas.coming

hoy].today



Identity of feature values

(17) a. * Someone took the trash out, but I don’t know who by [it wastaken out].[Voice

rACT s

� VoicerPASSs

]

b. * The trash was taken out, but I don’t know who [took it out].[Voice

rPASSs

� VoicerACT s

]



(18) * MarıaMarıa

leyoread.PST

una

librobook

ayer,yesterday

yand

ElenaElena

[leeraread.FUT

una

libro]book

manana.tomorrow[T

rPST s

� TrFUT s

]



(18) * MarıaMarıa

leyoread.PST

una

librobook

ayer,yesterday

yand

ElenaElena

[leeraread.FUT

una

libro]book

manana.tomorrow[T

rPST s

� TrFUT s

]

(19) ¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone

[TrPST s

� TrPRSs

]



Truth-conditional entailments

(20) An expression E can be elided if it is e-GIVEN; in turn E qualifies ase-GIVEN if it has a salient antecedent A and

a. A entails the focus closure of E , and

b. E entails the focus closure of A.

where the focus closure of a expression requires raising it to type tand replacing traces and foci with D-bound variables.



(21) * MarıaMarıa

leyoread.PST

una

librobook

ayer,yesterday

yand

ElenaElena

[leeraread.FUT

una

libro]book

manana.tomorrow

(22) ¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone



Tense mismatches as a special case of sloppy identity

(23) correlate λ1 [A . . . x1 . . . ] . . . remnant λ2 [E . . . x2 . . . ]



Tense mismatches as a special case of sloppy identity

(23) correlate λ1 [A . . . x1 . . . ] . . . remnant λ2 [E . . . x2 . . . ]

(24) Jack loves his dad, and Sally does too.

a. Jack λ1 [A t1 loves his1 dad] and Sally λ2 [E t2 loves his1 dad]

b. Jack λ1 [A t1 loves x1 dad] and Sally λ2 [E t2 loves x2 dad]



(25) * MarıaMarıa

leyoread.PST

una

librobook

ayer,yesterday

yand

ElenaElena

[leeraread.FUT

una

libro]book

manana.tomorrow

(26) ¡Yaalready

tuvehave.PST

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

solaalone

ayer!yesterday

¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

queto

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola]?alone



These are deep anaphors, parallelism is computed differently

(27) Ayeryesterday

tuvehad.PAST

quethat

pasarmespend

todoall

elthe

dıaday

rellenandofilling.out

formularios.forms

Hoytoday

tambienalso

[tengohave.PRES

quethat

pasarmespend

todoall

elthe

dıaday


formularios],forms

yand

ninot

siquieraeven

seknow

enin

quewhich

oficinaoffice

[tengohave.PRES

quethat

pasarmespend

todoall

elthe

dıaday


formularios].forms



(28) Enin

lathe

decadadecade

deof

losthe

70,70s

losthe

ninoschildren

comıanate.IMPF

alat

menosleast

unaone

manzanaapple

cadaeach

dıa.day

Hoy en dıa,nowadays

nonot

seknow

cuantasi

how.many[comeneat.PRES

losthe

ninoschildren

ti cadaeach

dıa].day



(29) Parallelism condition on ellipsis: an expression E can be elided if it isLF-equivalent to either a salient antecedent A or an accommodatedantecedent A.



(29) Parallelism condition on ellipsis: an expression E can be elided if it isLF-equivalent to either a salient antecedent A or an accommodatedantecedent A.

(30) Structural accommodation: an accommodated antecedent A1 is anyLF such that A1 can be derived from the LF of A by recursiveapplication of the following operations.

a. Deletion: remove a node from the tree.

b. Contraction: remove an edge and identify its nodes.

c. Substitution: replace a terminal node with an alternative from adefined source.

[Thoms 2014. Syntactic identity, parallelism, and accommodated antecedents. Lingua]



(31) a. JPRESKg� now

b. JPASTKg� λC.λt .λP.DtrCptq ^ t now^ Pptqs

[von Stechow 2009. Tenses in compositional semantics. The expression of time, Mouton]



(32) I didn’t turn off the stove.

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

turn off the stove x1PAST C



(32) I didn’t turn off the stove.

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

turn off the stove x1PAST C

(33) JTPK

g� rDt � t5 ^ turnoffpstove, Iqpt5qs

[� there is no instant t in the contextually salient interval t5 nowsuch that I turned the stove at t ]



(34) Jack thought that Mary was coming today.

TP

Jack T’

T0

λ1 VP

TP

T0

pro1

VP

Mary come today y1

thought x1

PRESPAST C



Generalization 2

(35) Actual antecedent A

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1 . . .PAST C



Generalization 2


TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1 . . .PAST C

(36) Accommodated antecedent A’: LF-equivalent to a present-tense E

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .



Generalization 2

(37) Actual antecedent A: can’t derive an A’ LF-equivalent to a past-tense E

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .



(38) A: ¡Adivinaguess

quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas




quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas

B: * ¡Quewhat

casualidad!coincidence

YoI

tambienalso

estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

bar.bar




quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas

B: * ¡Quewhat


YoI

tambienalso

estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

bar.bar

B’: ¡Quewhat


YoI

tambienalso

estabawas.IMPF

enat

elthe

barbar





quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas




quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas

B: * ¡Quewhat


YoI

tambienalso

[estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

bar]bar




quewhat

meCL

pasohappened

ayer!yesterday

Estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

barbar

yand

veosee.PRES

aDOM

SusanaSusana

besandosekissing

conwith

MatıasMatıas

B: * ¡Quewhat


YoI

tambienalso

[estoyam.PRES

enat

elthe

bar]bar

B’: * ¡Quewhat


YoI

tambienalso

[estabawas.IMPF

enat

elthe

barbar

]




Generalization 3


TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .



Generalization 3


TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .

(41) Actual antecedent A: a [ PRESÑ pro] substitution creates an appropriate A’

TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .



Generalization 1 — still problematic


ModP

Mod0 TP

T0

PRES

λ1 VP

. . . x1. . .

�



(43) Estethis

semestresemester

debomust

ensenarteach

sintaxis,syntax

yand

MatıasMatıas

tambienalso

[ensenateaches

sintaxis],syntax

# a pesardespite

deof

quethat

nonot

esis

suhis

obligacion.duty



(43) Estethis

semestresemester

debomust

ensenarteach

sintaxis,syntax

yand

MatıasMatıas

tambienalso

[ensenateaches

sintaxis],syntax

# a pesardespite

deof

quethat

nonot

esis

suhis

obligacion.duty

(44) Scenario: spectators at a road race trying to figure out which of theirfriends are running

a. ¿Creesthink

quethat

MatıasMatıas

puedemight

estarbe

corriendo?running

b. GabrielGabriel

sıyes

[estais

corriendo].running

# ¡Mira,look

porover

ahıthere

viene!comes



� Tense mismatches are really hard to account for!




� An LF-isomorphism analysis where accommodated antecedents alsocount is by far the best one, but it still has gaps.




� An LF-isomorphism analysis where accommodated antecedents alsocount is by far the best one, but it still has gaps.

� But such a theory needs auxiliary mechanisms anyways, so do we reallyneed to worry that much?



Habituals, past (imperfect) antecedent

(45) Deas

joven,youth

mimy

padrefather

ibago.IMPF

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos.Sundays

a. Hoy en da,nowadays

mimy

hijoson

tambinalso

(vago.PRES

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.

b. Enin

elthe

futuro,future

mimy

hijoson

tambinalso

(?(?) irago.FUT

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.



Habituals, present antecedent

(46) Hoy en dıa,nowadays

mimy

padrefather

vago.PRES

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos.Sundays

a. Enin

suhis

dıa,day

mimy

abuelograndad

tambinalso

(?? ibago.IMPF

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.

b. Enin

elthe

futuro,future

mimy

hijoson

tambinalso

(?? irago.FUT

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.



Habituals, future antecedent

(47) Enin

elthe

futuro,future

mimy

hijoson

irago.FUT

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos.Sundays

a. Enin

suhis

dıa,day

mimy

abuelograndad

tambinalso

(?? ibago.IMPF

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.

b. Hoy en dıa,nowadays

mimy

padrefather

tambinalso

(?? vago.PRES

ato

SanSan

MamsMames

todosall

losthe

domingos).Sundays.



Episodics, past antecedent

(48) Anteayertwo.days.ago

yaalready

tuvistehad.PST

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola.alone

a. ¿Hoytoday

tambienalso

(tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)?alone

b. ¿Mananatomorrow

tambienalso

(tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)?alone

[An extended-now present is possible here, but see (??)]



Episodics, present antecedent

(49) ¿Hoytoday

tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola?alone

a. ¡Perobut

siPRT

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(� tuvistehad.PAST

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)!alone

b. ¡Perobut

siPRT

mananatomorrow

tambienalso

(tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)?alone

[An extended-now present is possible here, but see (??)]



Episodics, future antecedent

(50) ¿Mananatomorrow

tendrashave.FUT

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola?alone

a. ¡Perobut

siPRT

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(� tuvistehad.PAST

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)!alone

b. ¡Perobut

siPRT

hoytoday

tambienalso

(?? tieneshave.PRES

quethat

cuidartake.care

deof

losthe

ninoskids

sola)?alone



SoT + episodic, past (imperfect) antecedent

(51) PedroPedro

creıathought

quethat

SusanaSusana

tenıahad.IMPF

quethat

venircome

ayer.yesterday

a. Alin.the

finalend

resultaturns.out

quethat

ahoranow

tambienalso

(? tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come

b. Alin.the

finalend

resultaturns.out

quethat

mananatomorrow

tambiealso

(? tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come[an extended-now present is possible here]



SoT + episodic, present antecedent

(52) PedroPedro

creethinks

quethat

SusanaSusana

tienehas.PRES

quethat

venircome

ahora.now

a. Elthe

pobreguy

nonot

sabeknows

quethat

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(?* tuvohad.PAST

quethat

venir).come

b. Elthe

pobreguy

nonot

sabeknows

quethat

mananatomorrow

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come

[an extended-now present is possible here]



SoT + episodic, future antecedent

(53) Alupon

oirhear

lasthe

noticias,news

PedroPedro

creerathink.FUT

quethat

SusanaSusana

tendrahas.FUT

quethat

venircome

manana.tomorrow

a. Elthe

pobreguy

nonot

sabeknows

quethat

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(* tuvohad.PAST

quethat

venir).come

b. Elthe

pobreguy

nonot

sabeknows

quethat

ahoranow

mismoINTSF

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come



Episodic + SoT, past (imperfect) antecedent

(54) SusanaSusana

tenıahad.IMPF

quethat

venircome

ayer.yesterday

a. PedroPedro

creethinks

quethat

ahoranow

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come

b. PedroPedro

creethinks

quethat

mananatomorrow

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come

[uninformative because of the extended-now use of the present]



Episodic + SoT, present antecedent

(55) SusanaSusana

tienehas.PRES

quethat

venircome

hoy.today

a. PedroPedro

creıathinks

quethat

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(tenıahad.PAST

quethat

venir).come

b. PedroPedro

creethinks

quethat

mananatomorrow

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come

[uninformative because of the extended-now use of the present]



Episodic + SoT, future antecedent

(56) SusanaSusana

tendrahas.FUTURE

quethat

venircome

manana.today

a. PedroPedro

creıathinks

quethat

ayeryesterday

tambienalso

(tenıahad.PAST

quethat

venir).come

b. PedroPedro

creethinks

quethat

ahoranow

tambienalso

(tienehas.PRES

quethat

venir).come


Date post:	13-Apr-2018
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The distribution of (un)acceptable tense mismatches … · Intro Data patterns Non-analyses...

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