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This is the earliest obtainable plan of London, and the most glorious visual record of the Tudor city. The plan is ornamented with the Tudor coat of arms, several fine mannerist title cartouches, and four costumed figures along the lower margin of the sheet. Braun and Hogenberg’s plan seems to be based on a now lost twenty-sheet plan, believed to have been made between 1553 and 1559, and known only from two surviving sheets. Old St. Paul’s still has its spire, which was destroyed in BRAUN, GEORG, AND FRANS HOGENBERG. LONDINUM, FERACISSIMI ANGLIAE REGNI METROPOLIS. FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572. 13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color. A fine example. THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLE PLAN OF LONDON $13,500 12 1561. The city is still almost entirely confined within the old Roman wall, but with a suburban extension along the Strand to Westminster, new development in Southwark, and in the vicinity of Smithfield. This is the second state of the plan. ........................................................................... references: Goss, The City Maps of Europe, plate 31; Darlington & Howgego, 2 (State 2); Barker & Jackson, pp. 12-13. ...........................................................................
Transcript
Page 1: THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLEctraremaps.com › pdfs › CAT03Part2of4.pdf · FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572. 13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color.

This is the earliest obtainable plan of London, and the most glorious visual record of the Tudor city. The plan is ornamented with the Tudor coat of arms, several fine mannerist title cartouches, and four costumed figures along the lower margin of the sheet.

Braun and Hogenberg’s plan seems to be based on a now lost twenty-sheet plan, believed to have been made between 1553 and 1559, and known only from two surviving sheets. Old St. Paul’s still has its spire, which was destroyed in

BRAUN, GEORG, AND FRANS HOGENBERG. LONDINUM, FERACISSIMI ANGLIAE REGNI METROPOLIS. FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572.

13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color. A fine example.

THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLEPLAN OF LONDON$13,500

12

1561. The city is still almost entirely confined within the old Roman wall, but with a suburban extension along the Strand to Westminster, new development in Southwark, and in the vicinity of Smithfield. This is the second state of the plan.

........................................................................... references:Goss, The City Maps of Europe, plate 31; Darlington & Howgego, 2 (State 2); Barker & Jackson, pp. 12-13. ...........................................................................

Page 2: THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLEctraremaps.com › pdfs › CAT03Part2of4.pdf · FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572. 13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color.

The Civitates, published in six volumes between 1672 and 1618, is one of the most famous of all Renaissance illustrated books. It included 530 plans and views of world cities, of which this example devoted to Venice is one of the most desirable and beautiful. The city floats in its lagoon, surrounded by galleons and sailing ships. Most of the city’s landmarks are easily recognizable: Piazza San Marco, the Doge’s Palace, the Grand Canal, the Rialto Bridge.

BRAUN, GEORG, AND FRANS HOGENBERG. VENETIA. FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572.

13” x 19” | Copper engraving with period color. A very fine example.

A HIGHLY SOUGHT-AFTER PLAN OF VENICE$5,500

13

Along the lower margin is a key that locates 153 important sites, and a fine view of the Doge and various dignitaries in procession. The whole is enclosed within a handsome Renaissance border.

........................................................................... references:Goss, The City Maps of Europe, plate 55. ...........................................................................

ORTELIUSA SELECTION OF MAPS FROM THE FIRST MODERN ATLASA SELECTION OF MAPS FROM ABRAHAM ORTELIUS’S

THEATRUM ORBIS TERRARUM, PUBLISHED IN

ANTWERP. EACH IS FROM THE 1595 LATIN EDITION, WITH

EXCEPTIONALLY BEAUTIFUL ORIGINAL COLOR, AND

IN FINE CONDITION UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. THE

MAPS MEASURE APPROXIMATELY 14 X 19”. THE DATE

THAT FOLLOWS THE TITLE IS THE YEAR THE MAP WAS

FIRST ADDED TO THE ATLAS.

THE THEATRUM WAS AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT OF

ALL RENAISSANCE BOOKS. IT WAS THE FIRST MODERN

ATLAS – THE FIRST SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF MAPS

THAT INCLUDED ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD, WITH THE

MAPS IN A UNIFORM FORMAT.

ORTELIUS COLLECTED THE BEST AVAILABLE MAPS

OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES AND HAD THEM RE-

ENGRAVED IN A UNIFORM SIZE. IT IS THE FIRST PRINTED

BOOK OF ANY KIND TO FOOTNOTE SOURCES. THE MAPS

ARE SOME OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL EVER PUBLISHED,

WITH GREAT CARTOUCHES AND EMBELLISHMENTS IN

THE MANNERIST STYLE.

14-33

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This example of Ortelius’s map of the ancient world has received special attention. Much of the lettering on the continents and in the seas has been picked out in gold or silver leaf. Set in an oval projection, the map is surrounded by elaborate fretwork. Medallions in each corner show the four continents (including America) with their modern form.

The map was made by Ortelius on the basis of ancient knowledge. Seventeen classical authors and their works are specifically mentioned in the text on the back of the map. Discoveries by the Portuguese in South and East Asia, and in the north by Richard Hakluyt are also referred to.

This map was included in Ortelius’s historical atlas, the Parergon, which was published from

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. AEVI VETERIS, TYPUS GEOGRAPHICUS (1590).

THE ANCIENT WORLDHIGHLIGHTED WITH GOLD AND SILVER LEAF$3,200

14

1579, both separately and as an addendum to the Theatrum. The Parergon differed from the Theatrum in that the maps were the original creations of Ortelius. It was “the first modern atlas to show the entire antique world, as revealed by the totality of classical writings, while at the same time using the cartographic accuracy as it stood at the end of the sixteenth century” (Meurer).

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 186; Meurer, “Ortelius as the Father of Historical Cartography,” Abraham Ortelius and the First Atlas, p. 14............................................................................

State two of Ortelius’s map of the Province of Holland, with the waves in the sea altered in 1587 to stippling. The map is based on the work of Jacob Deventer. Very finely ornamented, with a shield at upper left that contains the Belgian Lion, a large decorative title cartouche, and other embellishments.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 79............................................................................ ...........................................................................

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. HOLLANDIAE … NOVA DESCRIPTIO (1570).

THE PROVINCE OF HOLLAND$2,750

15

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An exceptional example of Renaissance decorative mapmaking, this map of the eastern Mediterranean is designed to show the Travels of St. Paul. The geographic outline is taken from Mercator’s 1554 map of Europe, onto which the ancient states and kingdoms are superimposed. In the upper corners are two oval vignettes that include scenes from the life and conversion of St. Paul. The coloring is rich and quite strong.

This map was included in Ortelius’s historical atlas, the Parergon, which was published from 1579, both separately and as an addendum to

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. PEREGRINATIONIS DIVI PAULI TYPUS COROGRAPHICUS (1579).

THE TRAVELS OF ST. PAUL$2,250

16

the Theatrum. The Parergon differed from the Theatrum in that the maps were the original creations of Ortelius. It was “the first modern atlas to show the entire antique world, as revealed by the totality of classical writings, while at the same time using the cartographic accuracy as it stood at the end of the sixteenth century” (Meurer).

.................................................................. references:Van den Broecke, 181; Meurer, p. 149...................................................................

A general map of Switzerland based on the 1538 map by the Swiss statesman and humanist, Aegidius Tschudi (1505-1572).

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. HELVETIAE DESCRIPTIO (1570).

SWITZERLAND$3,500

17

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 115............................................................................

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One of the most famous early depictions of the Holy Land, this map is based on Christian Sgrothen’s nine-sheet map of 1570. It shows the biblical kingdoms of Galilee, Samaria and Judea. Offshore is a large vignette of Jonah and the whale. There are two exceptional cartouches. The scale of miles is surrounded by strapwork, with an inset mask. At upper

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. TERRA SANCTA (1584).

The Holy Land$5,500

18

right is a strapwork title cartouche, surmounted by three medallions that contain scenes from the life and death of Christ: the nativity, the crucifixion, and the resurrection.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 173............................................................................

One of the most highly sought-after maps in the Theatrum, for both the area depicted and its decorative qualities, it shows European Russia, much of central Asia, and eastern Siberia. The map is covered with depictions of Cossacks, Tartars, camels, wild boars, and the strange

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. RUSSIAE, MOSCOVIAE ET TARTARIAE DESCRIPTIO (1570).

RUSSIA$2,750

19

custom of “burying” the dead in trees. There are a number of lengthy notations in Latin on local customs. ........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 162. ...........................................................................

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This handsome map depicts the Holy Roman Empire (or Germany) as it was in the mid-sixteenth century. It is based on Christian Sgrothen’s nine-sheet map published in Antwerp in 1565. At the lower left is a grand cartouche with the Hapsburg double eagle capped by the crown of the Holy Roman Emperor.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. GERMANIA (1570).

GERMANIAOR THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE$3,000

20

The map includes present-day Germany, the Lowlands, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic and western Poland.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 56............................................................................

A beautifully colored map of Greece that is based on Jacobo Gastaldi’s landmark maps of 1560 and 1569. Greece was a part of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century. It is shown with its medieval nomenclature: Thrace is “Romania;” the Peloponessus is “Morea,” and so forth.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 146. ...........................................................................

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. GRAECIAE (1570).

GREECE$3,500

21

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The first issue of Ortelius’s second map of Poland and Lithuania, which replaced the earlier plate dating from 1570. The title has been changed and the cartouche redesigned, and there are alterations to the geography particularly on the right-hand (or eastern) side of the map.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. POLONIAE, LITUANIAEO DESCRIPTIO (1595).

POLAND AND LITHUANIA$2,800

22

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 155. ...........................................................................

THE KINGDOM OF PRESTER JOHN$2,500

23

This map of a large part of Africa is designed to show the mythical Kingdom of Prester John. Ortelius designed the map himself, using information from Gastaldi’s eight-sheet wall map of Africa, and introduced details from unknown sources.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. PRESBITERI JOHANNIS SIVE ABISSINORUM IMPERII DESCRIPTIO (1573).

Prester John was a mythical king with a long cartographical history. His kingdom was originally believed to be in India (for instance by Waldseemuller in 1507), but was later placed in Africa.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 175............................................................................

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This map of the Duchy of Luxembourg was based on an unpublished manuscript made in 1551 for Charles V by Jacques Surhon. Like all the maps in the Theatrum it is heavily ornamented in the Renaissance style.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 61............................................................................

LUXEMBOURG$1,500

24

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. LUTZENBURGENSIS DUCATUS VERISS DESCRIPT (1579).

This map of the Piedmont and Liguria is based on the work of the great Italian cartographer, Giacomo Gastaldi. It shows all of northwest Italy, from the Alps in the west to Pavia and Milan in the east. With a decorative cartouche and scale of miles.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. PEDEMONTANAE. VICINORUMQUE REGIONUM (1570).

THE ITALIAN PIEDMONT$950

25

............................................................................ references:Van den Broecke, 128. ...........................................................................

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The Margraviate of Brandenberg, centered on its capital at Berlin, was the predecessor to the Kingdom of Prussia. Under its Hohenzollern rulers it achieved the unification of Germany in 1871.

An impressive map, with a thick ornamental border, and a fine cartouche. The map is dated

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. BRANDENBURGENSIS MARCHAE DESCRIPTIO (1590).

BRANDENBURG$1,200

26

1588, and may have been separately issued prior its inclusion in the Theatrum in 1590.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 97............................................................................

This is Ortelius’s second plate devoted to Austria, replacing that of 1570. Based on the work of Wolfgang Lazio, the map is quite handsome. It is surrounded by a wide decorative border, and has two strapwork cartouches.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. AUSTRIAE DESCRIP (1595).

AUSTRIA$700

27

.............................................................................references:Van den Broecke, 106. ..............................................................................

Page 10: THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLEctraremaps.com › pdfs › CAT03Part2of4.pdf · FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572. 13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color.

A lovely map, based on the work of Philip Apian, with a large mannerist cartouche on the right-hand side. The map includes all of Germany from Nuremburg in the north to Salzburg in the south, and from Augsburg in the west to Passau in the east.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. BAVARIAE (1573).

BAVARIA$1,500

28

............................................................................ references:Van den Broecke, 110. ...........................................................................

This map of the Meuse Valley from Maastricht (The Netherlands) in the north to Sedan (France) in the south is one of the most spectacularly decorative maps in the Theatrum.

The upper one-fourth of the map is taken up by a title cartouche with fretwork, swags of fruit and exotic birds, the whole brightly colored in red, blue and yellow.

The map focuses on the old Diocese of Liege, and includes some of the most fought-over

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. LEODIENESIS DIOECESIS TYPUS. (1595).

EASTERN BELGIUM$1,200

29

territory in Europe, including in modern times, the Siege of Sedan, the Ardennes Forest, and the Battle of the Bulge.

This is the first issue of Ortelius’s second plate for Liege, replacing the first that had been in use since 1570.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 64............................................................................

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This is an early issue of Ortelius’s map of the Conquests of Alexander. The map extends from Greece to the Indus River, and encompasses a large part of the present-day Middle East. It was based on a large number of classical sources that are discussed in the text on the back. In the lower left corner is a large and fanciful depiction of the Oracle of Zeus at Ammon visited by Alexander during his Egyptian campaign.

This map was included in Ortelius’s historical atlas, the Parergon, which was published from 1579, both separately and as an addendum to the Theatrum. The Parergon differed from the

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. ALEXANDRI MAGNI MACEDONIS EXPEDITIO (1595).

THE CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER$1,500

30

Theatrum in that the maps were the original creations of Ortelius. It was “the first modern atlas to show the entire antique world, as revealed by the totality of classical writings, while at the same time using the cartographic accuracy as it stood at the end of the sixteenth century” (Meurer).

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 222; Meurer, p. 149............................................................................

The first issue of Ortelius’s second map of ancient Egypt. This single sheet map replaced the two-sheet map that he originally published separately in 1565, then added to the atlas with modifications in 1584.

This elaborate, beautifully colored map has an

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. AEGYPTUS ANTIQUA (1595).

ANCIENT EGYPT$1,250

31

impressive decorative border, a large cartouche, and other embellishments.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 221; Meurer, p. 49; See Schilder, II, p. 8. ...........................................................................

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Some offsetting on the left-hand side of the map. The Ottoman Empire in the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). At that time the Empire included Arabia, Palestine, Syria, the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia, the Balkans, Greece and much of North Africa. The map is based on Gastaldi’s 1561 map of Asia. This is Ortelius’s second plate for the map.

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 169............................................................................

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. TURCICI IMPERII DESCRIPTIO (1579).

THE MIDDLE EAST$2,250

32

A map of the Holy Land designed to show the twelve tribes and the ancient Kingdoms of Judea and Samaria. Based on the work of Tilleman Stella, it has a massive fretwork title cartouche, and secondary cartouche flanked by architectural pilasters and topped by two angels.

ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM. TYPUS CHOROGRAPHICUS … JUDAE ET ISRAHEL (1579).

THE HOLY LAND$2,800

33This map was included in Ortelius’s historical atlas, the Parergon, which was published from 1579, both separately and as an addendum to the Theatrum. The Parergon differed from the Theatrum in that the maps were the original creations of Ortelius. It was “the first modern atlas to show the entire antique world, as revealed by the totality of classical writings, while at the same time using the cartographic accuracy as it stood at the end of the sixteenth century” (Meurer).

........................................................................... references:Van den Broecke, 180; Meurer, p. 149............................................................................

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This is the earliest separate map devoted to America, by one of the seminal figures in the history of cartography.

Martin Waldseemuller is most famous as the man who gave America its name. On his twelve-sheet map of the world, published in 1507, he used the name for the first time, in honor of Amerigo Vespucci, incorrectly thinking that he was the discoverer of the new continents. By the time he published this map, in 1513, the first specifically of America, he had been disabused of this error, and reverted to the older form, “Terre Nove” (New World). In the South American continent is a legend (in Latin) that “this land with its adjacent islands was discovered by Columbus, sent by authority of the King of Castile.”

The map appeared in the 1513 edition of Ptolemy’s Geography, with all of the maps prepared by Waldseemuller. This is the first edition of the Geography with an extensive number of modern maps, twenty-seven in all,

WALDSEEMULLER, MARTIN. TABULA TERRE NOVA. FROM THE SUPPLEMENTUM TO THE 1513 STRASBOURG EDITION OF PTOLEMY’S GEOGRAPHY.

15-1/3” x 17-1/2” | Black and white woodcut. A fine example.

THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF THE NEW WORLD$95,000

34

in the “Supplementum”, or appendix, which is often regarded as the first modern atlas. The map’s geography is based on Portuguese sources, and shows a contiguous coastline from the Mid-Atlantic to central Brazil. It is most notable for the inclusion of the Florida peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, prior to the official record of their discovery. This is thought to reflect possible knowledge from an unrecorded voyage.

In the introduction to the atlas, Waldseemuller refers to “the Admiral” as the source for the New World geography. It has been assumed that he was referring to Columbus, and the label “The Admiral’s Map” has often been incorrectly applied to this map.

........................................................................... references:Burden, The Mapping of North America, II, entry 4; Deak, Picturing America, entry 5; Harisse, The Discovery of North America, pp. 442 & 477; Suarez, Shedding the Veil, p. 62. ...........................................................................

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This is the first map of the United States published after final ratification of the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War and recognized American independence. Lattré’s Carte “is one of the most attractively designed and executed maps of the period” (Ristow). This is the second state, with the small table added next to the Florida inset.

This famous map, the first of the United States to be published in France or anywhere on the European continent, appeared in June 1784, a few months after the country gained official independence through the final ratification of the Treaty of Paris by the United States in February 1784, and by Great Britain in April of the same year. It was in fact the first significant map of the nation published after final ratification by the British, by which the

LATTRÉ, JEAN. CARTE DES ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMERIQUE SUIVANT LE TRAITÉ DE PAIX DE 1783. A.S. EXCELLENCE MR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MINISTRE PLENIPOTENTARIE DES ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMERIQUE PRÈS LA COUR DE FRANCE, ANC PRÉSID DE LA CONVENTIÓ DE PENSILVANIE ET DE LA SOCIETÉ PHILOSOPHIQUE DE PHILADELPHIE, &C, &C. PARIS, 1784.

22-1/4” x 31” | Separately issued, with period color. Flanked by panels of text. Some minor browning to the text and at centerfold, overall a fine example.

A FINE COPYOF THE FIRST MAP OF THE INDEPENDENT UNITED STATES$38,000

35

independence of the United States gained official status.

The map was designed to be flanked by panels of text that give a year by year, colony by colony account of the “principal events” of the American Revolution. These were printed on separate sheets to be pasted to the map’s left and right-hand margins, but many surviving copies lack the text. On the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation copy, for example, the text is incomplete. The map was separately issued and is rare in any condition. There are three states, one earlier (a proof?) lacks the small table at lower center entitled “Les Treize Etats-Unis.” A later state has the imprint of Delamarche. France had been allied with the Colonists during the Revolution, and Benjamin Franklin had

served as the American Minister Plenipotentary to France. Franklin then served as chief negotiator for the Americans at the Treaty of Paris. Lattré has dedicated his new map to Franklin. Lester Cappon says that the dedication “lends historical significance to the work,” and suggests that Lattré may have presented a copy of the map in person to Franklin at the minister’s residence in Passy.

The map was in fact conceived as a quasi-official French homage to Franklin, for his unwavering friendship during the negotiation of the Treaty. Great Britain had insisted that “a settlement of things between Great Britain and America … be treated in a very different manner from the peace between Great Britain and France, who have always been at enmity with each other” (Brands). To this Franklin refused to agree. He insisted upon allied solidarity, to which Britain ultimately had to submit.

The beautiful cartouche contains the title as well as the dedication to Franklin. They are superimposed upon the great sail of what appears to be the Ship of State. A seaman hangs emblems of the new United States along the topsail, including the Great Seal, the insignia of the Order of the Cincinnati, and Franklin’s coat-of-arms. Lattré’s map is a joyful and “historically significant” celebration of the new nation (Cappon).

........................................................................... references:Pritchard and Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 70; Lester Cappon, The First French Map of the United States; Brands, The First American, p. 616; Walter Ristow, American Maps and Mapmakers, p. 63, reproduced on p. 65; Barbara McCorkle, New England in Early Printed Maps, 784; Sellers & Van Ee, Maps and Charts of North America, p. 158. ...........................................................................

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The rare first state (of four) of one of the great colonial maps of the Province of New York.

John Montresor was one of the leading British Engineers working in eighteenth century British America. He was with General Braddock during the latter’s disastrous campaign in 1755 against Ft. Duquesne and was wounded. In 1765, General Thomas Gage, commander of British forces in America, commissioned Montresor to compile a new map of the City of New York. At the same time, Montresor was working on this general map of the Province of New York. In October 1766, he sailed for London, taking the manuscripts for his two maps with him. These he delivered to an engraver to be prepared for publication. The map of the City of New York appeared in 1767, but this map of the Province was not printed until 1775. Montresor shortly returned to North America and was made Chief Engineer for the British Army at the beginning of the Revolution in 1775.

The impetus for publication was the outbreak of the American Revolution, when it became apparent that there were very few good maps of the colonies available for strategic and military

MONTRESOR, JOHN. A MAP OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK; WITH PART OF PENSILVANIA, AND NEW ENGLAND, FROM AN ACTUAL SURVEY BY CAPTAIN MONTRESOR, ENGINEER, 1775. LONDON: A. DURY, JUNE 10TH, 1775.

36-1/4” x 57-1/4” | Full period color. Four folio sheets joined into two. Inset maps of northern Lake Champlain and northeastern Vermont. Very good condition.

THE RARE FIRST STATEONE OF THE GREAT COLONIAL MAPS OF NEW YORK$28,000

36

planning. Montresor’s map concentrates on the Hudson and eastern Mohawk valleys, which were then the only settled parts of the province. Lake Champlain, the conduit from Canada to the Hudson Valley, and one of the most strategic sites in North America, was shown in excellent detail in an inset. The map is also one of the earliest to include good detail for present-day Vermont. Montresor also includes the neighboring parts of Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. He was responsible for surveying the New York-New Jersey boundary in 1769, and includes the various proposed lines between the provinces.

In this first state, Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain is marked “Carillon Fort,” with “Tyionderogha or Tienderoga” opposite on the east bank.

........................................................................... references:Pritchard & Taliaferro, Degrees of Latitude, 45; Stevens & Tree, Comparative Cartography, 42a; Schwartz & Ehrenberg, The Mapping of America, p. 186; Guthorn, British Maps of the American Revolution, pp. 34-37............................................................................

Page 17: THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLEctraremaps.com › pdfs › CAT03Part2of4.pdf · FROM THE CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM, COLOGNE, 1572. 13” x 19” | Copper engraving with full period color.

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