The Early GreeksThe Early Greeks

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Section 1Section 1

The Geography of GreeceThe Geography of Greece

Mainland of Greece is a peninsula—a Mainland of Greece is a peninsula—a body of land with water on three body of land with water on three sidessides

Work

Fishers Sailors Traders

The Geography of GreeceThe Geography of Greece Farming Communities—Farming Communities— Climate was mildClimate was mild Grew Wheat, Barley, olives, and grapesGrew Wheat, Barley, olives, and grapes Raised Sheep and Goats Raised Sheep and Goats Felt deep ties to the land—sea and Felt deep ties to the land—sea and

mountains separated each other forcing mountains separated each other forcing the early Greek communities to grow the early Greek communities to grow fiercely independentfiercely independent

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The MinoansThe Minoans

The Minoans earned their living by The Minoans earned their living by building ships and tradingbuilding ships and trading

Island of Crete—Minoan CivilizationIsland of Crete—Minoan Civilization Were not Greek, but their civilization Were not Greek, but their civilization

arise in the land that would later arise in the land that would later become Greecebecome Greece

The MinoansThe Minoans Palace at Knossos—many Palace at Knossos—many

riches, work spaces, private riches, work spaces, private rooms for royal familiesrooms for royal families

Built fortunes off of trade. Built fortunes off of trade. Traded for pottery and stone Traded for pottery and stone vases for ivory metalsvases for ivory metals

Built ships from oak and cedarBuilt ships from oak and cedar—sailed as far as Egypt and —sailed as far as Egypt and SyriaSyria

By 2000 BC, controlled the By 2000 BC, controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea. eastern Mediterranean Sea.

1450 BC, Minoan civilization 1450 BC, Minoan civilization suddenly collapsed—1)Large suddenly collapsed—1)Large earthquake producing large earthquake producing large waves or 2) by the Mycenaeanswaves or 2) by the Mycenaeans

The First Greek The First Greek KingdomsKingdoms

Mycenaean's were Mycenaean's were originally from central originally from central Asia.Asia.

Invade the Greek Invade the Greek Mainland by 1900 BCMainland by 1900 BC

Warriors became Warriors became nobles who ruled the nobles who ruled the people they conquered. people they conquered.

Mycenae--PalaceMycenae--Palace

What were Mycenaean What were Mycenaean KingdomKingdom Kingdom on a Fortified Kingdom on a Fortified

palace on a hillpalace on a hill

Ruler lived their, Ruler lived their, surrounded by giant stone surrounded by giant stone wallswalls

Beyond the walls were Beyond the walls were farms or estates that belong farms or estates that belong to the noblesto the nobles

Government kept track of Government kept track of wealth—taxed people wealth—taxed people through wheat, livestock, through wheat, livestock, and honey. Stored them in and honey. Stored them in the palacethe palace

Power from Trade and Power from Trade and WarWar

Minoan traders began to visit Minoan traders began to visit the Mycenaeans in Crete.the Mycenaeans in Crete.

Taught the Mycenaean’s how Taught the Mycenaean’s how to work with bronze and build to work with bronze and build ships. ships.

Learned how to use the sun Learned how to use the sun and starts to navigate the seaand starts to navigate the sea

Began to worship the Minoans Began to worship the Minoans chief goddess, Earth Motherchief goddess, Earth Mother

1400 BC, Mycenaeans became 1400 BC, Mycenaeans became the major power on the the major power on the Mediterranean—Traded from Mediterranean—Traded from Egypt and Southern ItalyEgypt and Southern Italy

WARWAR

Trojan WarTrojan War

AgamemnonAgamemnon

Very Proud of their deeds in WarVery Proud of their deeds in War

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What was the Dark Age?What was the Dark Age?

1200 BC Mycenaeans were troubled 1200 BC Mycenaeans were troubled by earthquakes and fighting among by earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms. Destroyed their the kingdoms. Destroyed their hilltop fortshilltop forts

By 1100 BC, Mycenaeans collapsedBy 1100 BC, Mycenaeans collapsed

Dark AgeDark Age

Dark Ages1100bc-750 BC

Overseas trade slowed

Poverty took hold

Grew only enough food

To meet theirFamilies needs

Stopped teachingOthers to read

Write and Craftwork

Some forgot theirOwn alphabet

Dark AgeDark Age

Not all bad—expanded Greek Culture. Not all bad—expanded Greek Culture. Thousands of Greeks moved off of the Thousands of Greeks moved off of the mainlandmainland

Dorians (lived in northern mountains of Dorians (lived in northern mountains of Greece)-moved south to Peloponnesus. Greece)-moved south to Peloponnesus. Brought iron weapons giving Greece more Brought iron weapons giving Greece more advanced technologyadvanced technology

Iron weapons and tools were stronger than the Iron weapons and tools were stronger than the bronzebronze

Dark AgesDark Ages Gradually—people Gradually—people

began to farm, began to farm, produce surplus of produce surplus of food, and tradefood, and trade

Greek alphabet—Greek alphabet—Phoenicians--24 Phoenicians--24 letters, made reading letters, made reading and writing better. and writing better. Wrote down stories Wrote down stories which have been which have been passed down for passed down for years.years.

A Move to ColonizeA Move to Colonize

Greece recovered from the Dark AgesGreece recovered from the Dark Ages—the population grew.—the population grew.

Farmers could no longer grow enough Farmers could no longer grow enough grain to feed everyonegrain to feed everyone

Sent people outside of Greece to form Sent people outside of Greece to form colonies—settlement in a new colonies—settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its territory that keeps close ties to its homelandhomeland

A Move to ColonizeA Move to Colonize

Spread to coasts of Italy, France, Spread to coasts of Italy, France, Spain, North Africa, and western Asia Spain, North Africa, and western Asia between 750 BC and 550 BCbetween 750 BC and 550 BC

Colonists traded with “parent cities”Colonists traded with “parent cities” Traded: Grains, metals, fish, timber, and Traded: Grains, metals, fish, timber, and

enslaved peopleenslaved people Received: Pottery, wine, olive oil from mainlandReceived: Pottery, wine, olive oil from mainland Began to mint coins—traded for money instead Began to mint coins—traded for money instead

of other goodsof other goods

A Move to ColonizeA Move to Colonize

As trade grew—people specialized in As trade grew—people specialized in certain products such as pottery in certain products such as pottery in places that had large amounts of places that had large amounts of clayclay

The PolisThe Polis Greek-City States—known as a Polis—was kind of like a tiny independent countryGreek-City States—known as a Polis—was kind of like a tiny independent country

Main gathering place—acropolis—fortified area that stood at the top of a hillMain gathering place—acropolis—fortified area that stood at the top of a hill

Sometimes served as a religious center to honor gods and goddessesSometimes served as a religious center to honor gods and goddesses

Agora—open area below the acropolisAgora—open area below the acropolis

City-States ranged from a few square miles to over a hundred square miles—City-States ranged from a few square miles to over a hundred square miles—Athens most populated at 300,000 by 500 BCAthens most populated at 300,000 by 500 BC

Greek CitizenshipGreek Citizenship Each Greek City –State ran Each Greek City –State ran

by citizensby citizens

First to develop the idea of First to develop the idea of citizenship—only native born citizenship—only native born men who owned land could men who owned land could be citizens. Since they be citizens. Since they owned they land, they should owned they land, they should run the land. run the land.

Some city-states such as Some city-states such as Athens dropped this Athens dropped this requirement—slaves and requirement—slaves and foreign-born residents still foreign-born residents still were excludedwere excluded

Women could qualify for Women could qualify for citizenship, but had no rightscitizenship, but had no rights

Greek CitizenshipGreek Citizenship

Rights of Citizens

Gathered in the Agora

Could Pass laws

Own Property

Choose Officials

Hold office

Right to Vote

Defend themselves incourt

Had duty to serve in Government

Fight for Polis as citizensoldiers

Citizens as SoldiersCitizens as Soldiers Early Greece—wars Early Greece—wars

were waged by nobles were waged by nobles riding horses and riding horses and chariotschariots

Hoplites—700 BC –Hoplites—700 BC –developed army of developed army of ordinary citizens-ordinary citizens-couldn’t afford horses—couldn’t afford horses—fought on foot and were fought on foot and were heavily armedheavily armed

Weapons-round shield, Weapons-round shield, 9 foot spear, and sword9 foot spear, and sword

Citizens in SoldiersCitizens in Soldiers Fought in rows shoulder to shoulder with shieldsFought in rows shoulder to shoulder with shields

Took pride in fighting for their city-stateTook pride in fighting for their city-state

This caused Greeks to distrust on another and This caused Greeks to distrust on another and caused a lack of unity among city-statescaused a lack of unity among city-states