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Imagination at work
TWCA – 2015The Economic Power of WaterGE’s Focus on ReuseGrant MacInnis, P.Eng.June 19th, 2015
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Agenda
1. On what are we focused and why? ReUse.
2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance ReUse
3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR4. DPR and MBR’s Place5. Energy-Neutral Wastewater Treatment6. Minds and Machines
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Global Freshwater Supply Gap
*Assumes productivity is frozen.
Global water withdrawals, 1990-2025*Billion cubic meters
Available Resource
Supply Gap4,50
0
6,200
+38%
Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009; McKinsey’s Resource Revolution, 2011
Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009; McKinsey’s Resource Revolution, 2011
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.
Sources of Freshwater
Commercial Recycling
Sewer Mining
Indirect Potable Reuse
Direct Potable Reuse
Industrial Reuse
Non-potable Reuse
Desalination Technologies
Rivers, Lakes,
Groundwater
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How Do You Fill the Gap?
• Water exists – it’s just the cost of getting it
• Highest cost for desalting
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Source: WateReuse – The Opportunities and Economics of Direct Potable Reuse
Typical Costs for California Water Utilities
Typical Costs
TexasGap Estimates Range from
3,000,000,000 to 6,000,000,000 gallons per daybetween now and 2060
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What This Actually Looks Like
• Disruptive technologies will change treatment
• Non-potable reuse will continue to grow
• Industry will be forced to recycle
• IPR/DPR will need to flourish
• Resource recovery flow sheets will be more presentWith new variables in the equation
…. Things will look different
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2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance ReUse
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8 2014 General Electric Company
How is GE Innovating for the Future
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• 293-unit apartment building in Battery Park, NY
• LEED™ Gold certified
• Recycles up to 25,000 GPD for toilet flush water, cooling tower make-up and landscape irrigation
• Reduces the freshwater taken from the city’s water supply by over 75%
Solaire Apartments, first onsite water recycling system inside a residential building in US
The Early Years of MBR
Was used in niche applications which were decentralized for off the grid capacityDriversSolved water availability concernsAble to meet strict standardsGuaranteed effluent reliability
9 9 Commercial Reuse
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• Initially used as a feed for the electronics industry, wafer fabrication plants, and commercial building cooling towers
• A growing percentage is released back into local reservoirs for indirect potable reuse applications
Bedok NEWater Factory – Singapore
The Start of Reuse with UF Membranes - NEWaterFlowsheet
DriversProgressive nature of Singapore
Inadequate supplies of renewable fresh water
10 10 Non-Potable Reuse
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• Water produced for irrigation
• Frees up fresh water for human consumption
• Will treat up to 160 million gallons per day
• World’s largest membrane based wastewater filtration project
Sulaibiya, Kuwait, creating new water sources
The Evolution of Tertiary UF
Moved from support to unsupported fibers … ZW1000 & ZW1500DriversFocus on efficiency
Lifecycle equation become important
11 Non-Potable / Agricultural Reuse
3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR
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Tertiary Membranes vs MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Clarification
Membrane Filtration
Tertiary Membrane Process
MBR
Aeration / Anox BasinsScreening
Immersed Membranes
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• 3.75 million gallon per day reuse
• Treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant
• Used for vineyard and golf course irrigation
• Reduces fresh water drawn from the Napa River
Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with Disinfection
American Canyon, California - achieving stringent California Title 22 reuse standards
Irrigating Vineyards with WastewaterChallenge: Insufficient water from river to meet vineyard’s irrigation needs
Solution: Treat and reuse municipal wastewater effluent for irrigation
14 14Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse
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• Conserves 25 million gallons of Australia’s fresh water a year
• Advanced MBR produces 172,000 gallons of high quality water per day which is used to irrigate 55 acres
• “We are proud to be the first to embrace this innovative approach. It is bringing us a drought-proof supply of water that minimizes impact on Australia’s fresh water reserves.”
— Steve Walker, president, Pennant Hills Golf Club
Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with UV Disinfection
Pennant Hills Golf Club - Australia’s first commercial sewer mining water reuse plant
Harvesting Wastewater from SewersChallenge: Ongoing drought challenged availability of water for golf course
Solution: Sewer mining water reuse plant provides irrigation water
15Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse
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• First food manufacturing site in the United States to achieve LEED EB Gold Certification
• Treats and recycles 648,000 gallons per day of wastewater from the manufacturing process for rinse and wash water and for irrigation
• Site achieved 90 percent reduction in water and electricity usage with upgrade
Frito Lay Casa Grande, Arizona – achieving corporate targets of “net zero” footprint
Industrial RecyclingMBR has become the gold standard for industrial reuse in:Food & Beverage HPI/CPI PharmaDriversCost of water Zero downtimeEffluent quality Footprint
16 16Industrial Reuse
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Life cycle cost (CAPEX + OPEX)
Life cycle cost is lower for MBR compared to CAS for enhanced nutrient removal and water reuse applications
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6
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• Located in a rock formation in the center of Stockholm, with 18 km of tunnels blasted
• To treat 2/3 of the cities wastewater, treating up to 864 million gallons per day
• Effluent to achieve low nutrient requirements to comply with the Baltic Sea Action Plan and EU Directives
Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden – to become the largest MBR in the world
Growth to a New Order of MagnitudeMBR selected as the technology of choice for ever growing sized plantsDriversFootprint ReliabilityEffluent Quality Cost Effectiveness
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• Residents under strict water use restrictions due to drought
• Discharges more than 7 million gallons of advanced treated wastewater effluent a day into Lake Fort Phantom Hill reservoir
Flowsheet: MBR followed by reverse osmosis (60%) ozone system or a biological activated carbon filtration (40%), then blended and treated with chlorine for disinfection
Hamby WRF, TX – city of Abilene looks to IPR to maintain reservoirs
Wastewater for Potable Reuse
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Challenge: Reservoirs in drought stricken area hitting critically low levels
Solution: Introducing a sustainable source of water to replenish
IPR
Tertiary vs. MBR
Aeration / Anox Basins
Screening
Clarification
Membrane Filtration
Tertiary Membrane Process
MBR
Aeration / Anox BasinsScreening
Immersed Membranes
$4 / gpd + $1.5 / gpd
$4 / gpd
4. DPR and MBR’s Place
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• Reuse requirements driven by drought and depleted ground water
• MBR Treating 100,000 gallons per day and blend up to 50/50 with spring or ground water
Cloudcroft, New Mexico – one of few DPR plants being constructed in the United States
MBR’s Role in DPRTechnology is well suited for this applicationBenefitsFeed to RO Combining Unit Operations
ChallengesMembrane process treated like drinking water
Regulation gap and understanding of capability
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MBR’s Role in DPR
• Tertiary UF Giardia and Crypto = 4 log
• Validate MBR for at least 2.5 log• NWRI, Carollo, SNWA, SCVWD, C.of Sunnydale, Biovir Labs
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6. Energy Neutral Wastewater Treatment
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power – wastewater nexus
Wastewater treatment accounts for 3% of the electrical load in the US (1)
(1) EPA Office of Water. Wastewater Management Fact Sheet, Energy Conservation, EPA 832-F-06-024, July 2006.
The energy content of wastewater is 2-4X the energy required to treat it… an unexploited resource (2)
(2) Tchobanoglous, G. Impacts of New Concepts and Technology on the Energy Sustainability of Wastewater Management, Climate Change Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sources Conference, Thessaloniki Greece, October 2009.
The aspirational goal… an energy neutral plant
Shift from wastewater treatment to resource recovery
Wastewater
Energy
• Biosolids to landfill
• Micropollutants to environment
• Waste water discharge to sensitive
areas
• Green House gas emissions
• Huge energy drain
Today… wastewater as a burden to treat & discharge
Wastewater
Future… ‘opportunity water’ treated to recover valuable resources
Organic waste
• Water for irrigation and reuse,
limited solids disposal
• Energy back to grid
• Recovery of nutrients (N, P)
• Elimination of public health
concerns
A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics to sludge
treatment; minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for generation of
biogas
Enhanced primary treatment
Small footprint… 1/10th the size of primary clarificationOPEX savings… energyCAPEX savings… less concrete, fewer unit operationsSimplified design… fewer unit operations
Innovative low-energy advanced primary treatment
TSS removal 50 to 70%BOD removal 25 to 40%Outstanding Screening for Membrane Systems
Performs the function of a primary clarifier and fine screen in a fraction of the footprint
Benefits
A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics to sludge
treatment; minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for generation of
biogas
Biological treatment
Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR) conceptual process
A gas transfer membrane delivers oxygen to a biofilm attached to the surface of the membrane
Oxygen transfer is 4X more efficient than fine bubble aeration
Air inlet
Air outlet
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ZeeLung enabled MABR value proposition
75% reduction in energy for aeration
20-40% reduction in bioreactor volume
Simplicity doing more with less
ZeeLung reduces the energy for aeration by 75%Aeration efficiency, kg O2/kWhConventional aeration technologies are inefficient and are the largest consumers of energy in a WWTP
ZeeLung aeration efficiency is 4X best available fine bubble aeration, resulting in 4X reduction in energy consumption for process aeration
ZeeLungMABR
Fine Bubble Aeration
0.5 to 1.5
1 to 2
≥ 6
Surface Aeratio
n
ZeeLung saves energyEnergy consumption, kWh/Mgal (kWh/m3)
For a 10 MGD plant with an energy cost of $0.10/kWh, the annual cost savings are $400k, which is 45% of the energy bill
ZeeLung MABR
2,400 (0.63)
1,320 (0.35)
Nitrifying CAS
Aeration
Other
A new energy neutral flow sheet
Optimize shunt of organics to sludge
treatment; minimize organic load to
biological treatment
Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency
Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP
Anaerobic digestion for generation of
biogas
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Smart Capacity… 3x digester capacity vs. conventionalRenewable Energy… Increase Biogas by 25%Retrofit… Maximize existing assetsOPEX Savings… Less resultant biosolids
GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion
Enables plant owners to maximize their digester
assets, and convert WWTP’s into energy
centers
Benefits
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• Produces 5.75MW of renewable electricity (eq. of 10,000 households)
• Covers plant parasitic loads, as well as sending electricity to the grid
• 40,000 tpa of organics diverted from landfills
• Substantially reduce GHG emissions
Technology: GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion Technology for sludge and food waste
Avonmouth WwTW, Energy Positive Wastewater Treatment with co-located sludge/food waste digestion
Enabling Energy Neutral Wastewater with Existing AssetsChallenge: Conventional Plant has high energy demand and operating costs, need to maximize energy recovery from digestion
Solution: Upgrade with Monsal Advanced AD, increase digester loading to free up volume to accept organic wastes
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5. Minds and Machines
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The real opportunity for change… surpassing
the magnitude of the consumer Internet… is the Industrial Internet, an open, global network that connects people, data, and machines.
The vision is clear
Big data, analytics + integration with machines, facilities and fleets
Computing power and rise of distributed information networks
Machines and factories that power economies of scale and scope
time
Innovati
on Wave 1
Industrial Revolution
Wave 2Internet Revolution
Wave 3Industrial Internet
The Waves of Innovation
Descriptive (What) “Know the current state Capture what is going on”
Prescriptive (What-if) “Drive fully-automated or pre-configured process and system optimization, improve assets and processes ”
Predictive (When) “Know how to avoid the problem by predicting before it occurs”
Diagnostic (Why) “Understand, troubleshoot, know what caused the problem”
Climbing the Analytic Maturity Staircase
W. Edwards Deming
GE Predictivity™ Solutions
GE Aviation – Engine reliability, fuel performance, flight safety solutions, navigation insights.
GE Healthcare – Asset management, patient safety, patient flow, collaboration across networks
GE Oil & Gas – Total equipment reliability, sub-sea inspection system optimization, field production and pipeline insights
GE Manufacturing – Manufacturing process efficiencies, food safety assurance
GE Mining – Concentrator insights and efficiency – maximized mine production
GE Power Distribution – Grid delivery optimization – advanced meter insightsGE Power Generation – Turbine power flexibility and performance, maximizing asset lifetime
GE Rail – Locomotive Uptime, efficient trip management, maintenance and parts management
GE Water & Process – Connected controls for plant operations to increase efficiencies and reliability
GE Wind – Wind turbine performance, total wind farm output maximized
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Features of InSightA GE Predictivity TM Solution
Early Detection & Warning Analytics Asset Optimization Productivity Collaboration Mobility
Goal: Increase UF system recovery by implementing incremental changes to production run time
Annual impact is 1.1 million gallons saved per year
InSight: UF Membrane Optimization
Increased
backpulse
interval from 60
to 70 min
Increased
backpulse
interval from 70
to 80 min
Increased
backpulse
interval from 90 to 100 min
Increased
backpulse
interval from 80
to 90 min
Result: 2% increase in system recovery while maintaining operation performance
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Service Reliability Centers
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Innovating for the Future
Aligning the best people with the most advanced technology, products and services to solve any water or process challenge our
customers may have
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