November 14, 1953
All India — Industries and Ser-vices
There were in all 1,044 lakhs of self-supporting persons in the whole of India, or constituting 129.3 Per cent of the total population, of whom 710 lakhs or 68.1 per cent were agriculturists and 334 lakhs or 31.9 per cent were non-agriculturists. The breakdown of the latter is as follows:
The last category, however, is a mixed one, since it includes not only those who derive their income from non-agricultural property or live on pensions, remittances and scholarships, etc, but also beggars and vaga-rants and all others l iving on income derived from non-productive activity. Apart from these curiosities of classification, what stands out from this table is the small number of employers and very large number of self-employed, even among the non-agriculturists. No one is classified as an employer merely because he or she has domestic servants. The self-employed, it should be noted, are more numerous than employers and employees combined. Leaving out those who live on ' unearned ' i n come derived either from agriculture or industry, the numbers of those who derive their income from profits, and wages and salaries were as follows :
F rom the point of view of types of income earned, those who earn profits are much,more than twice as numerous as those who earn wages and salaries, 'The economic significance of this finding can hardly be over-exaggerated.
6. Commerce , , .. , , Retail trade otherwise unclassified Retail trade in foodstuffs (including
beverages and narcotics) Retail trade in fuel (including
petrol) Retail trade in textile and leather
goods Wholesale trade in foodstuffs Wholesale trade in other than food
stuffs Real estate Insurance Money-lending, banking and other
financial business
7. Transport Storage & Communications Transport and communications other
wise unclassified and incidental services
Transport by road Transport by water Transport by air Railway transport Storage and warehousing . . Postal services Telegraph services Telephone services Wireless services
8. Health, Education and Public Administration Medical and other health services . . Educational services and research . . Police (other than village watch
men ) Village officers and servants (includ
ing village watchmen) Employees of municipalities and
local boards (not including persons classifiable under any other division)
Employees of State Governments (not including persons classifiable under any other division)
Employees of Union Government (not including persons classifiable under any other division)
Employees of non-Indian Governments
9. Services not elsewhere specified Services otherwise unclassified . . Domestic services (not including
services rendered by members of family households to one another)
Barbers and beauty shops Laundries and laundry services Hotels, restaurants and eating houses Recreation services Legal and business services Arts, letters and journalism Religious, charitable and welfare
services
o means less than 500. — means nil.
The sub-groups may not add up exactly to the group total owing to rounding off. Personnel in the Army, Navy and Air Force are included under employees of Union Government. Source: Census of India, Page No. 3.
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