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S TU D IO T ER A PIA A DIUVANTE R ETTO STA N D A R D IZZA ZIO N E DELLA G ESTIO N E ANATO M OPATOLO G IC A D I C AM PIO N I D I CA RC IN O M A DEL RETTO IN PA ZIEN TI TR A TTA TI C O N C H EM IO R A D IO TERA PIA PR E -O PER A TO R IA (FLU O U R A C ILE IN FU SIO N A LE +/- O X A L IPLA TIN O ). STU DIO N A ZIO N A LE TER A PIA A D IU V A N TE C A RCIN O M A D EL RETTO
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Page 1: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

STUDIO

TERAPIA

ADIUVANTE

RETTO STANDARDIZZAZIONE DELLA GESTIONE ANATOMOPATOLOGICA DI CAMPIONI DI CARCINOMA DEL RETTO IN PAZIENTI TRATTATI CON CHEMIORADIOTERAPIA PRE-OPERATORIA (FLUOURACILE INFUSIONALE +/- OXALIPLATINO).

STUDIO NAZIONALE TERAPIA ADIUVANTE CARCINOMA DEL RETTO

Page 2: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology

reports of resected colorectal carcinomas.

Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel CA.

• free text with no agreed guidelines

• text guidelines

• template proformas

• All interventions produced some increase in inclusion rate for some features, but only with the introduction of template proformas did these rates approach 100% for all data items. Inclusion rates were 100% for all items in all cases reported using a proforma.

J Clin Pathol 1998;51:481-2

Page 3: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Criterio guida

•Studio multicentrico che non prevede una centralizzazione delle attività di preparazione e refertazione

•Studio spontaneo che non prevede al momento risorse aggiuntive

PRATICABILITA’ > CORRETTEZZA FORMALE

Page 4: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 5: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 6: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 7: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

RADIAL INVASION and SURGICAL CLEARANCE IN RECTAL CANCER

Page 8: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

RECTAL CANCER: SURVIVAL AND PRESENCE OF TUMORAT CIRCUMFERENTIAL RESECTION MARGIN (CRM)

Adam et al Lancet 1994; 344:707

cu

mu

lati

ve

pro

po

rtio

n s

urv

ivin

g

years after surgery

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

1 2 3 4 5

CRM -ve106 pts

CRM +ve35 pts

All patients underwent potentially curative resection

Page 9: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Am J Surg Pathol 26, 350-7: 2002

Page 10: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Circumferential Margin Involvement

Am J Surg Pathol 26, 350-7: 2002

Page 11: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Valutazione tumore residuo

•Rx: presenza di tumore residuo non valutabile

•R0: assenza di tumore residuo diagnosticabile (considera la situazione obiettiva dopo l’intervento; ad es. un paziente con metastasi a distanza rimosse radicalmente appartiene al IV stadio ma la resezione è R0).

•R1: Presenza di neoplasia microscopica. A questa categoria appartengono anche quei pazienti il cui lavaggio peritoneale, appena dopo la laparotomia, è positivo per cellule neoplastiche anche se la resezione della neoplasia risulta poi curativa.

•R2: Presenza di neoplasia residua macroscopica

Page 12: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Chemotherapy response scoring - Dworak

• Grade 0 No regression

• Grade 1 Minimal regression: dominant tumor mass, obvious fibrosis and/or vasculopathy

• Grade 2 Moderate regression: dominantly fibrotic changes, few tumor cells or groups (easy to find)

• Grade 3 Good regression: very few (difficult to find) tumor cells in fibrotic tissue with or without mucin

• Grade 4 Total regression: no tumor cells, only fibrotic mass or mucin

• Poor response = grade 0-2• Good response = grade 3-4

Page 13: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

A small vein with venous invasion, not identifiedby H+E stain alone, but clearly demonstrated

after the addition of an elastic fibre stain

Page 14: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Conclusions from a study of venous invasion instage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma

A Sternberg, M Amar, R Alfici and G Groisman

Journal of Clinical Pathology 2002;55:17-21

•The addition of an elastic fibre stain enables the identification of

venous invasion in a large proportion of colorectal carcinomas

that are falsely negative on haematoxylin and eosin alone

•It is probable that only minimal venous invasion is needed to

seed clinically important distant metastases

•Both extramural and intramural venous invasion may seed

clinically important haematogenous metastases

Page 15: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Good/complete Moderate

From P. Quirke (Core Study) Incomplete

Page 16: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Valutazione dell’escissione del mesoretto

ottimo: il mesoretto è intatto o presenta solo irregolarità minori della fascia propria del retto (liscio, lucente). Le irregolarità non devono superare i 5mm, non deve esserci “conizzazione” del mesoretto.

moderato: irregolarità della superficie della fascia propria del retto (> a 5mm), conizzazione moderata. In nessun punto viene visualizzata la muscolare propria tranne che nel punto di inserzione dei muscoli elevatori. Sulle fette di 3-5 mm si visualizzano solo irregolarità moderate del margine circonferenziale.

scarso: evidenti difetti del mesoretto con esposizione della muscolare propria e /o accentuata irregolarità del margine circonferenziale alla sezione.

Page 17: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 18: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 19: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 20: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.
Page 21: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Histopathological detection of lymph nodemetastases from colorectal carcinoma

J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:685-687 •72 colorectal carcinoma resection specimens

•Lymph nodes up to approximately 5 mm in maximum extent were processed in entirety, without prior sectioning, and assessed histologically at three levels

•In one case, this led to the detection of the only nodal metastasis present and therefore "upstaged" the tumour from Dukes's B to C

•The assessment of multiple sections of lymph nodes from colorectal specimens leads to the detection of only a small number of additional nodal metastases. The method involves increased workload for pathologists and laboratory staff.

Page 22: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

SS T

A R

SCHEDA di VALUTAZIONE ANATOMOPATOLOGICA

VALUTAZIONE MACROSCOPICA

Qualità del campione: Mesoretto Completo Incompleto Moderato

Posizione del tumore: anteriore posteriore sopra sotto della riflessione peritoneale. allo stesso livello

Diametro massimo del tumore: __________mms

Presenza di perforazione della parete intestinale (pT4):SI NO

Distanza dal margine distale: __________mms

destro sinistro

Page 23: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

SS T

A R

SCHEDA di VALUTAZIONE ANATOMOPATOLOGICA

ISTOLOGIA

Adenocarcinoma: SI NO , specificare: _____________

Differenziazione: Scarsa Buona/moderata

Invasione locale: sottomucosa (T1) muscolare propria (T2) oltre la muscolare propria (T3) penetrante la superficie peritoneale o gli organi circostanti (T4)

Minima distanza dalla superficie esterna del tumore al margine radiale: _______mm

La resezione è istologicamente completa (i.e.> 1mm) ? NO SI

Coinvolgimento del marginale radiale ( =1.0 mm): SI NO

Page 24: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Diffusione metastatica:

n° di linfonodi esaminati: _______n° di linfonodi positivi: ________linfonodi apicali positivi: SI NO

Distanza dalla linea dentata al margine inferiore del tumore: _________mm

Risposta alla terapia:

Dworak : 0 1 2 3 4

Scarsa risposta buona risposta

Stadiazione patologica:

TNM: pT0 N0 Mx

T1 N1 M0

T2 N2 M1

T3

T4

R0 R1 R2 V0ƀ V1ƀ V2ƀ

Page 25: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Criteri obbligatori

•T, N, M

•Margine radiale (<1mm)

•Invasione venosa (intra o extra-murale)

•Tumore residuo (R)

•Risposta al trattamento (Dworak)

Page 26: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Metodiche obbligatorie

•Compilazione scheda istologica

•Esame microscopico di tutta l’area tumorale, >3 blocchetti (T, N, M)

•Esame microscopico margine R, >1 blocchetto (Margine radiale)

•Colorazione elastiche (Invasione venosa)

•Un blocchetto extra per indagini successive (tumore+mucosa)

•Da scegliere all’atto della diagnosi•Anche dei casi regressione completa•Centralizzare

Page 27: The effect of four interventions on the informational content of histopathology reports of resected colorectal carcinomas. Cross SS, Feeley KM, Angel.

Metodiche facoltative

•Qualità del mesoretto (documentazione fotografica)

•Macrosezioni

•Peeling margine radiale

•Ricerca micrometastasi (IHC/rtPCR)


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