THE EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PHYTIN PHOSPHOR ANDTOTAL PHOSPHOR CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER HULLS

Sasangka, B.H.,* and P.C.H. Simon**

ABSTRACT

THK UFKCT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PHYTIN PHOSPIIOR AND TOTAL PHOSPHOR CONTKNT

OF SUNFLOWF.R HULLS. An experiment. was conduct.ed to evaluate the content of phytin

phosphor and total phosphor in the irradiated of sunflower hulls. The sunflower hull

were irradiated at dose 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; and 10 kGy respectively. Results indicated

that irradiation until 10 kGy, could not decrease the phytin phosphor and or increa­

se phosphor total content.

ABSTRAK

PENGARUH I RRADIAS I GAMMA PADA KANDUNGAN FOSFOR FITIN DAN FOSFOR TOTAL DAUlt

KULIT BIJI BUNGA IfATAHARI. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui

perubahan kandungan fosfor fitin dan total fosfor di dalam kulit biji matahari

akibat radiasi. Kulit biji bunga matahari diradiasi dengan dosis 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; dan

10 KGy, hasilnya menunjukan bahwa sampai dengan dosis 10 KGy tidak terjadi penurunan

kandungan fitin fosfor atau kenaikkan tot.al fosfor.

INTRODUCTION

Animal feed stuff orginated from plant is usualy high in phytic

acid content, especialy in the grain. This substance is very high in

Ca, Mg, Zn, and P affinity, which caused difficulties in absorbtion

in the digestive tract of the animal. Mineral salt of phytic acid

(phytatel cou]d not be absorbed directly through the gut and needs

*) Centre for Applicat.ion of Isotopes and Radiation, BATAN

•• ) COVP - Het Spelderholt, Beekbergen, Nederland

509

to be hydrolyzed first. Hydrolyzation of phytate occurs by the

action of the phytase enzym. The source of this enzym are plant, in-

testine and microbes.

Sunflower hulls is a by-product of sunflower oil industry.

This material is still used as a feed ingredient of rations,

especially for the monogastric animal. Although, "rich in phosphorus,

however the phosphor is binded as a phytate compound which is

unavailable to nonruminant animals. Several reports indicated that

the availability of phosphorus in compiete diets can be increased

by several treatments, for instance the addition of vitamin D, or

phytase and soaking feed stuff in warm water (1, 2, 3, 4 ). Pre­

vious worked by GUNAWAN et al (6) demostrated that irradiated rice

bran decreased its phytic acid content. The purpose of this

experiment was to evaluate the phytin phosphor and total phosphorcontent (P) on the irradiated sunflower hulls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Six hundreds grams of sunflower hulls were divided into 6 bags.

The samples were irradiated by gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source at

dose 0; 2; 4;6; 8; and 10 KGy and than analyzed for phytin phosphor

and total phosphor content.

Analysis of Phytin Phosphor. From 0,5 grams irradiated samples

were extracted with 15 101 0,7 N HCL; the phytate is precipitated as

ferric phytate. The precipi tate was d iges ted in cone en tra ted

sulfuric and nitric acid. This procedures is based upon that des­

cribed by OSHIMA et al (7).

Analysis of Total Phosphor. The total phosphor in the samples

were analyzed direct colorimetric following the procedure of AOAC

(8). The data were subjected to analyzed of variance as described by

STEEL and TORIE (9).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results of proximate analysis of sunflower hulls which were

used in this experiment are given as below :

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Table 1. Proximate analysis of sunflower hulls

No.

1.2.3.

4.5.6.

I tern s

Protein

Dry matterAsh

PhosphorCalsium

Phytin Phosphor

%

21908.70

1. 500.470.87

It shows that total phosphor (P I or phytin phosphor content

in the sunflower hulls is higher than that reported ~y other

researchers. The differences in concentration may be due to the

areas where the plant grown, or the stage of plant was harvested. In

case of young plant, the content of phytin phosphor is low and

gradualy increase when the plant is maturing.

The proximate analysis shows that P content is likely suffi­

cient, however, most of this mineral is unavaible to non ruminat

animals, because of the formation of phytate salt . This phytate is

difficult to absorb in the digestive tract.

The effect of irradiation of sunflower hulls on the phytin pos­

phor and total P were given in Table 2.

The irradiation of sunflower hulls up to 10 kGy, could not

decrease the phytin phosphor content. It means that the irradiation

is unable to split up the phytin phosphor to be P. If the iradiation

is able to break down the P binding, than the content of total P

should be increased. There are some posibilities why the phytin

phosphor and total P could not be decreased as a consequence

of irradiation. Firstly, the concentration of phytin phosphor was

high, so that the little transi tion during analysis process could

not be detected. Secondly, the irradiation dose is not enough to

break down the P binding.

Although the phytin phosphor is not decreasead yet, it does not

mean that irradiation is not usefull for improvement of feed stuff.

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Table 2. Concentration of phytin phosphor and total P inthe irradiated sunflower hulls

----------------------------------------------------------

dose of irra

diation, kGy

o2468

10

Phytin Phosphor( % )

0,84

0,89

0,840,870,86

0,90

Total phosphor( % )

1,50

1,51

1,49

1,491,51

1,52

Previous experiment has proven that it is possible to decrease

phytin phosphor. In order to obtain more information about irradia­

tion on the availabi Iity of phytin phosphor and total phosphor,

the experiment should be followed by in-vivo or in-vitro observati­

ons. During the irradiation process, it was possible to break or

loose the binding of P in phytin phosphor. So if this material

(irradiated sunflower hulls) were used in vitro or in vivo experi­

ment, should be able to hydrolysed phytin phosphor. I f this

prediction is true, it is sugested to irradiate the sample at high­

er dose and than it should be folowed by in vitro or in vivo

experiment. This method is expected to reduce phytin phosphor

content in order to improve the absorption ability of feed stuff.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study is a part of fellowship program under the Ministry

of Education Netherlands with Indonesia Goverment ( BATAN ) and was

caried out in Spelderholt. The authors are grateful to Mrs.H.M.Zweer

Japing, Mr. M. Ivang, Gammaster in Ede and Mrs. C. Hendratno, who

supported the author to study in Nederland.

REFERENCES

1. SIMON, P.C.M., TERPSTRA, K., TEUNIS, G.P., ZWEER, J.H.M Fitin

Fosfor en Total Fosfor in Veevoedergronstoffen., Bet Spelder­holt, Nederland, (1981)

512

2. MAYNARD, L.A., LOOS1.I, J.K., HINTZ, H.F., WARNER, R.G., AnimalNutrition, 7ed., Mc.Graw Hill, New York, (1979)

3. TAKEMASA, M., and HIJIKURO, S., Effect of watersoaking of thedomestic barley on the phosphorus util~zation for chicks.Japan Poultry Seie., 20 (1983) 346.

4. TAKEMASA, M., and HIJIKURO, S., Effect of pelleting on theutilization of phosphorus for chicks, Japan Poultry Scie. 20(1983) 330.

5. SUMMERS, J.D., PEPPEN, W.F., BAYLEY, H.S., and STINGER, S.J., Theeffect of steam pelleting on the utilization of phosphorus inwheat bran, Poultry Scie., 47 (1968 i 1397.

6. GUNAWAN., KOMPIANG, S., TANGENJAYA, B., dan HILYATl, "Pengaruhradiasi terhadap kadar asam fitat dedak", Aplikasi Isotop danRadiasi (Ris. Simp. III, BATAN, Jakarta (1986).

7. OSHIMA, M., TAYLOR, T.G., and WILLIAMS, A., Variation in theconcentration of phytic acid in the blood of domestic fowl.,Biochem. J., 92 (1964) 42.

8. AOAC., Official Methods of Analytical Chemists., Arlington,Virginia, (1984 i.

9. STEEL, R.G.D., TORRIE, J.H~, Principles and Procedures on Statis­tic, Me. Graw Hill Book Co., New York, ~1980).I

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DSISKUSI

MUNSIAH M1\IIA

Penelitian Anda tentang pengar'uh iradiasi gamma pada kehidnpan fos­

for fitin dalam kuli t bij i bunga mata.hari belum ada hasil karena

dosis yang digunakan relatif rendah untuk memecah sejumlah fosfor

fitin. Mengapa tidak langsung dicoba dengan dosis yang lebih tinggi

atau dikombinasi dengan carll.lain agar ada hasil baru dilaporkan.

Karena sebenarnya dari hasil penel itian terdahulu yang Anda per­

lihatkan sudah terlihat bahwa fosfor fitin ini tahan radiasi. Apa

alasannya sehingga penelitian ini hanya dibatasi sampai dosis 10 kGy

saj a ?

BINTORO

Kami ingin menggunakan closis yang paling keell, karena padE!.dosis

rendah kadar asam filat sudah mulai turun. Anggapan saya pada waktu

itu adalah apabila asam filat dapat turun ada kemungkinan fitin

fosfor juga turun (fitin fosfor adalah garam dari asam fitat). Alas­

an saya menggunakan sampai dosis 10 kGy adalah untuk mencegah agar

nutrisi yang ada di dalam bahan pakan tersebut tetap baik.

B. HARYANTO

Mohon penjelasan apakah ada kemungkinan iradiasi fitat akan melemah­

kan ikatan phospor dengan asam (gugus benzen)nya sehingga akan mem­

permudah pelepasan unsur P yang ada ? Kalau bisa bagaimana mekanis­

menya ?

BINTORO

Ada kemungkinan itu terjacli pelemahan ikatannya.

MARIA LINA

Dosis iradiasi di atas 10 kGy untuk mengurangi kadar fosfor fitin

selain kurang ekonomis juga kemungkinan akan mempengaruhi bahan­

bahan lain yang berguna yang terkandung dalam bunga matahari untuk

pa~an ternak. Bagaimana pendapat Anda ?

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BINTORO

Secara ekonomi memang belum menguntungkan, tetapi dalam jangka pan­

jang mungkin hal seperti ini digunakan. Protein, karbohidrat masih

tetap baik sampai dengan dosis 10 kGy, memang ada kemungkinan pada

dosis yang tertinggi akan terjadi perubahan nilai materi saja olah

karena itu perlu dicari dosis yang paling tepat baik untuk menu run­

kan fosfor fitin maupun menjaga kestabilan mutasinya.

RAKA

Apakah pengaruh iradiasi terhadap zat-zat dalam kul it bij i bunga

matahari, bagaimana mekanisme kerjanya ?

BINTORD

Sampai dengan dosis 10 kGy belum terjadi perubahan mutasi di dalam

kulit biji bunga matahari, akan tetapi apabila dosis terlalu tinggi

ada kemungkinan nutrisinya berubah.

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