The

Element of

ValuePrinciple of contrast

The lightness and darkness of tones (grays) and colors to make objects appear 3-

dimensional.

Vocabulary

• Gradation- making very gradual changes from light to dark.

• Highlight- the brightest light reflections on a subject.

• Cast shadows- the shadows made on the ground by an object.

• Contrast- Showing strong differences in light and dark in your work.

Graphite Pencils

H pencils have harder leads and are used to make lighter values.

B pencils have softer leads and are used to make darker values.

Shading Techniques (ways to achieve values in your work)

• Blending- making values blend smoothly and gradually together.

• Hatching- creating values using parallel lines.

• Crosshatching- creating values with lines that cross one another.

• Stippling or Pointillism- adding values by using dots.

• Scumbling- adding values with a meandering line.

• Contour hatching- creating values with lines that follow the contour of a shape.

Examples of shading Techniques

Hatching Crosshatching Contour hatching

Stippling Scumbling

Value Scales

1. Realistic shading requires gradual blending of light and dark. 2. Controlling the pressure applied to your pencil allows you to do gradual shading. 3. Graphite needs to be applied smoothly to the paper.4. Use very short pencil strokes in many different directions.

Important Tips

A good graphite drawing should have at least 8 values in it.

Contrast makes your work dynamic and demands attention.

Your Assignments

Referring to the white board instructions and the demo provided, in your sketchbook you will divide a page into 3 sections and practice the prescribed mark making techniques (hatching, cross-hatching, and scumbling).

You will complete value scale and pencil shading exercise handout with pencil.

You will plan for and complete a sphere and insect drawing in pencil.

Spheres in Art

Creating a Focal Point in Art- Achieving Emphasis, a Principle of Design.

Student Examples and Directions

• Complete all shading exercises. • Complete at least 4 plans for Sphere and Insect

composition using the following guidelines: • Spheres should be your main subject.• You must include at least one detailed insect in your

work. • You must use graphite pencils and include a minimum

of 8 values in your work. • Work should be high quality with excellent

craftsmanship. • Final paper size is 11”x14”.