The Elements

Hydrogen - Calcium

Hydrogen

• The most abundant element in the universe. It is the fuel that burns in stars.

• It is the simplest element.• Hydrogen is a gas under

standard conditions.• Hydrogen is used for

rocket fuel and explosives.

Helium

• Gas under standard conditions and is found in all stars.

• Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe.

• Helium is used as a lifting gas for balloons and airships

Lithium

• Lithium is a lightweight metal.

• Used as part of an alloy to make lightweight aircraft.

• Also used in batteries and medicines for psychiatric disorders.

Beryllium

• Beryllium is a metal.• It is used as an alloy

for aircraft, rocket fuel and in mineral form makes the gems Emerald and aquamarine.

Boron

• Boron is a metalloid.• Boron is mostly found

in mineral form as the mineral borax.

• Used to harden steel and to make rocket parts because it resists heat.

Carbon

• Carbon is a nonmetal.• Molecules that

contain carbon make up all living cells.

• Carbon in different forms is used as charcoal, graphite and diamonds.

Nitrogen

• Nitrogen is a diatomic gas.

• Nitrogen makes up the majority of our atmosphere.

• Nitrogen is used to make ammonia, fertilizers and explosives.

Oxygen

• Oxygen is a diatomic gas.

• Oxygen is the 3rd most abundant element in the universe.

• We need to breath oxygen to live. It is also used in welding, and making steel.

Fluorine

• Fluorine is a diatomic gas.

• Fluorine is the most reactive element and is rarely found alone.

• Fluorine compounds are used in rat poisons, etching glass and refrigerants.

Neon

• Neon is a gas.• Neon is un-reactive

and is therefore not a part of many molecules.

• Because it glows red when a current is passed through it, it is used in lights.

Sodium

• Sodium is a metal.• Sodium is extremely

reactive with water.• Sodium vapor is used

as lighting.• Sodium compounds

make up things like baking soda, table salt.

Magnesium

• Magnesium is a metal.

• Magnesium is used to make lightweight alloys and burns with a very bright white light for fireworks.

Aluminum

• Aluminum is a metal.• Aluminum is used to

make aluminum foil, alloys and wires.

Silicon

• Silicon is a metalloid.• Silicon is used in

making glass, quartz. • Silicon is also used in

memory chips in computers and semi-conductors.

Phosphorus

• Phosphorus is a solid non- metal.

• Phosphorus is used in fireworks, detergents (brightens), fertilizers.

Sulfur

• Sulfur is a solid non-metal.

• Sulfur is used in gunpowder, paper, matches, drugs (antibacterial), paint etc.

Chlorine

• Chlorine is a Diatomic gas.

• Chlorine is used as a disinfectant (water treatment) and combines with metals to form salts.

Argon

• Argon is a gas.• Argon is very un-

reactive and does not form compounds.

• Argon is used to fill light bulbs (oxygen would corrode the filament)

Potassium

• Potassium is a metal.• Potassium explodes

when it comes in contact with water.

• Potassium compounds are used in fertilizers.

Calcium

• Calcium is a metal.• Calcium is needed to

make bone/teeth.• Calcium compounds

are used to make chalk, cement.