THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Prepared by:Sharina Hadji MananJohara T. Udtog
[Gk. Hormao instigate], are chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that controls the activity of other parts.
Hormones
Three types of HORMONES
Steroid Hormone
Derivatives of the Amino Acid
Tyrosine
Proteins or Peptides
PRINCIPAL ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND
HORMONES IN THE BODY
Endocrine Gland:Hypothalamus
Hormone Released:Hypothalamic -
releasin & release-inhibiting hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:
Anterior pituitaryFunction(s) of Hormones:
Regulate anterior pituitary hormones
Endocrine Gland:Posterior
pituitaryHormone Released:
Antidiuretic (ADH)Target Tissues/Organs:
KidneysFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys
Endocrine Gland:Posterior
pituitaryHormone Released:
OxytocinTarget Tissues/Organs:
Uterus, mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates uterine muscle construction, release of milk by mammary glands
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)Target Tissues/Organs:
ThyroidFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates thyroid hormone
Synthesis and secretion
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Adrenal cortexFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulates adrenal cortex
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH)Target Tissues/Organs:
GonadsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Egg and sperm production and sex hormone production
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Prolactin (PRL)Target Tissues/Organs:
Mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:
Milk production
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Growth (GH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Soft tissues bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth
Endocrine Gland:Anterior
PituitaryHormone Released:
Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Melanocytes in skinFunction(s) of Hormones:
Unknown function in humans regulates skin color in lower vertebrate
Endocrine Gland:Thyroid
Hormone Released:Thyroxine (T4)
and triidothyronine (T3)Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Increase metabolic rate; Regulates growth and development
Endocrine Gland:Parathyroid
Hormone Released:Parathyroid
(PTH)Target Tissues/Organs:
Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood calcium level
Endocrine Gland:Thyroid
Hormone Released:Calcitonin
Target Tissues/Organs:Bones, kidneys,
intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:
Lower blood calcium level
Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex
Hormone Released:Glucocorticoids
(cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein
Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex
Hormone Released:
Mineralocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:
All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium
Endocrine Gland:Adrenal cortex
Hormone Released:Sex hormones
Target Tissues/Organs:Gonads, skin,
muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:Adrenal
medullaHormone Released:
Epinephrine and norepinephrineTarget Tissues/Organs:
Cardiac and other musclesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Emergency situations; raise blood glucose level
Endocrine Gland:Pancreas
Hormone Released:Insulin
Target Tissues/Organs:Liver, muscles;
adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Lower blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen
Endocrine Gland:Pancreas
Hormone Released:Glucagon
Target Tissues/Organs:Liver, muscles;
adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Raises blood glucose level
Endocrine Gland:Testes
Hormone Released:Androgens
(testosterone)Target Tissues/Organs:
Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate secondary male sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:Ovaries
Hormone Released:Estrogens and
progesteroneTarget Tissues/Organs:
Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:
Stimulate female sex characteristics
Endocrine Gland:Pineal gland
Hormone Released:Melatonin
Target Tissues/Organs:Brain
Function(s) of Hormones:Circadian and
circannual rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex organs