The Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle

to Titus

The Epistle to Titus

Who is Titus?

I. He is One of St. Paul’s Loyal Disciples, a Faithful companion and Co-Worker:

“But thanks be to God who puts the same earnest care for you into the heart of Titus”

(2 Corinthians 8:16)

“If anyone inquires about Titus, he is my partner and fellow worker concerning you”

(2 Corinthians 8:23)

+ While the name Titus is not mentioned in the book of Acts, we still can glean some information about him from the epistles of St. Paul.

The Epistle to Titus

II. We Do Not Know Much about his Life Prior to his Missionary Work:

+ All we know is that he was a Greek, an uncircumcised Gentile, and so remained; nor did the apostle circumcise him, as he did Timothy, when he became his companion. Neither did the apostles at Jerusalem oblige him to be circumcised, when St. Paul took him along with him thither to attended the council of Jerusalem, that was discussing the controversy over circumcision and the heresy of Judaization:

“Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, and also took Titus with me… Yet not even Titus who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised. And this occurred because of false brethren secretly brought in (who came in by stealth to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage), to whom we did not yield submission even for an hour, that the truth of the gospel might continue with you”

(Galatians 2:1,3-5)

The Epistle to Titus

III. His Conversion to Christianity:

+ Most scholars agree that Titus converted on the hands of St. Paul who calls him his son in the faith:

“A true son in our common faith” (Titus 1:4)

- But it seems that his conversion was in the early stages as he attended the council in Jerusalem with St. Paul in the year A.D. 50, at the end of St. Paul’s 1st missionary trip.

+ He was on a strong relationship with St. Paul and Barnabas in Antioch and was one of the delegates whom the Church of Antioch sent along with St. Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem at the time of the council there. This suggests that Titus most likely was originally from Antioch of Syria:

The Epistle to Titus

“Therefore, when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and dispute with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas and certain others of them should go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders, about this question”

(Acts 15:2)

IV. His Missionary Work with St. Paul:

+ While St. Paul was serving in Ephesus for some time during his 3rd missionary trip, he sent Titus to Corinth, to put in order urgent matters and to deal with some serious problems that had arisen there. It seems that he carried the St. Paul’s 1st epistle to the Corinthians.

+ And upon leaving Ephesus, St. Paul longed to meet Titus in Troas:

“Furthermore, when I came to Troas to preach Christ’s gospel, and…

The Epistle to Titus

a door was opened to me by the Lord, I had no rest in my spirit, because I did not find Titus my brother; but taking my leave of them, I departed for Macedonia” (2 Corinthians 12:13)

+ It was then in Macedonia, where St. Paul and Titus finally connected, much to the relief and comfort of St. Paul when Titus reported some good news:

“Nevertheless God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus, and not only by his coming, but also by the consolation with which he was comforted in you, when he told us of your earnest desire, your mourning, your zeal for me, so that I rejoiced even more”

(2 Corinthians 7:6-7)

“Therefore we have been comforted in your comfort. And we rejoiced…

The Epistle to Titus

exceedingly more for the joy of Titus, because his spirit has been refreshed by you all. For if in anything I have boasted to him about you, I am not ashamed. But as we spoke all things to you in truth, even so our boasting to Titus was found true”

(2 Corinthians 7:13-14)

+ St. Paul then sent Titus again to Corinth to collect donations, and more than likely, he was the carrier of the 2nd epistle to the Corinthians:

“So we urged Titus, that as he had begun, so he would also complete this grace in you as well… But thanks be to God who puts the same earnest care for you into the heart of Titus. For he not only accepted the exhortation, but being more diligent, he went to you of his own accord” (2 Corinthians 8:6,16-17)

“Therefore I thought it necessary to exhort the brethren to go to you…

The Epistle to Titus

ahead of time, and prepare your generous gift beforehand, which you had previously promised, that it may be ready as a matter of generosity and not as a grudging obligation”

(2 Corinthians 9:5)

+ Nothing is then mentioned of Titus till after St. Paul’s 1st imprisonment in Rome.

+ From this epistle, it is evident that St. Paul left Titus in Crete to administer the churches of this island; he was St Paul’s assistant in Crete as was Timothy in Ephesus. According to our Church’s tradition, St. Paul ordained him bishop over its churches:

“For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking”

(Titus 1:5)

The Epistle to Titus

V. His Departure:

+ Titus’ life in service did not show any bad intentions:

“Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same spirit? Did we not walk in the same steps?”

(2 Corinthians 12:18)

+ Through tradition we know that Titus lived long and reposed in the Lord while he was in the island of Crete, which its people, till now, consider him their great saint.

Date and Location of Writing:

Most likely, the epistle was written around (A.D. 63-64), after St Paul’s release from his 1st imprisonment in Rome (A.D. 63) and before his 2nd…

The Epistle to Titus

imprisonment in Rome (A.D. 67). It was probably written from Ephesus.

Church of Crete:

+ The beginnings of the church in Crete are not clear. It may have been founded by Cretans who were in Jerusalem on the Day of Pentecost, received faith and went back carrying their new faith to the island:

“And how is it that we hear, each in our own language in which we were born?... Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our own tongues the wonderful works of God”

(Acts 2:8,11)

+ St. Paul visited the Cretan island during the last part of his life where he put the ministry in order, which he left to his spiritual son, Titus, after his leaving the island.

The Epistle to Titus

+ The church there existed of both Jews and gentile members.

+ It seems that the corruption of which the Cretan church suffered was the same as that of the church in Ephesus, and thus it is likely that the Jewish factor was dominant. This is evident through St. Paul’s admonition against these distorted thoughts, where he strongly rebuked them so that they may have unblemished faith and not listen to Jewish illusions and earthly commands:

“But avoid foolish disputes, genealogies, contentions, and strivings about the law; for they are unprofitable and useless. Reject a divisive man after the first and second admonition, knowing that such a person is warped and sinning, being self-condemned”

(Titus 3:9-11)

+ Cretans were of bad reputation. Even after after receiving faith, some…

The Epistle to Titus

of them did not abandon their old ways:

“One of them, a prophet of their own, said: Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons. This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith”

(Titus 1:12-13)

Characteristics of the Epistle :

1. This epistle is the same as the other pastoral epistles,1st and 2nd epistles to Timothy, in its personal character, for it did not address a specific church or a group of churches but a single person, who is St. Paul’s spiritual son and his companion in the Lord’s work. With that being said though, the personal character of this epistle does not measure to that of the 2nd epistle to Timothy.

The Epistle to Titus

2. Nevertheless, we could see that the epistle was also addressed to the Cretan church, which was under the Titus’ pastoral care. It was concerned with the Church and the moral life of her members:

“Speak these things, exhort, and rebuke with all authority” (Titus

2:15)

3. There are a lot of similarities between this epistle and the 1st epistle to Timothy to the point that there is a good chance the two epistles were written during the same time and in the same circumstances.

4. There are two phrases that are repeated often in the epistle to Titus: ‘God our Savior’ and ‘Jesus Christ our Savior.’ Both are used interchangeably in all the chapters of the epistle as if St. Paul is proving the divinity of Christ, that is ‘Jesus Christ’ is ‘God’:

The Epistle to Titus

“But has in due time manifested His word through preaching, which was committed to me according to the commandment of God our Savior” (Titus 1:3)

“Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Savior”

(Titus 1:4)

5. The phrase ‘Good works’ is repeated many times throughout the epistle, which is the application of the true Christian knowledge of God:

“And let our people also learn to maintain good works, to meet urgent needs, that they may not be unfruitful”

(Titus 3:14)

The Epistle to Titus

The Purpose of Writing the Epistle:

1. To Advise Titus of the Right Shepherding and of the Right Ministry and the Ordination of Bishops, Priests and Deacons:

“And appoint elders in every city as I commanded you” (Titus 1:5)

2. To Warn him of False Teachings and Conveying the Method of Dealing with those who Reject his Word, Urging him to Preach Things Befitting:

“In doctrine showing integrity, reverence, incorruptibility, sound speech that cannot be condemned, that one who is an opponent may be ashamed, having nothing evil to say of you”

(Titus 2:7-8)

The Epistle to Titus

3. To Make Clear the Characteristics of which the Bishops, Elders and the Young should Adorn themselves:

“That they admonish the young women to love their husbands, to love their children”

(Titus 2:4)

4. To Command him to be a Good Pattern:

“In all things showing yourself to be a pattern of good works” (Titus 2:7)

5. To Request Titus to Come to him in the Near Future:

“Be diligent to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there”

(Titus 3:12)

The Epistle to Titus

Contents:

I. Preface: (Ch. 1)

“Paul, a bondservant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect and the acknowledgment of the truth which accords with godliness… To Titus”

(Titus 1:1,4)

II. Instructions Concerning Church Organization: (Ch. 1)

1. Qualification of Bishops:

“For a bishop must be blameless, as a steward of God, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not given to wine, not violent, not greedy for money, but hospitable, a lover of what is good, sober-minded, just, holy,…

The Epistle to Titus

self-controlled holding fast the faithful word as he has been taught, that he may be able, by sound doctrine, both to exhort and convict those who contradict”

(Titus 1:7-9)

2. Depiction of the False Teachers and the Ways of Confronting Them:

“For there are many insubordinate, both idle talkers and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision, whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole households, teaching things which they ought not, for the sake of dishonest gain”

(Titus 1:10-11)

“Not giving heed to Jewish fables and commandments of men who turn from the truth”

(Titus 1:14)

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“To the pure all things are pure, but to those who are defiled and unbelieving nothing is pure; but even their mind and conscience are defiled”

(Titus 1:15)

“They profess to know God, but in works they deny Him, being abominable, disobedient, and disqualified for every good work”

(Titus 1:16)

III. Instructions Concerning Christian Conduct: (Chs. 2-3)

1. For the Older Men and Women:

“But as for you, speak the things which are proper for sound doctrine” (Titus 2:1)

The Epistle to Titus

“That the older men be sober, reverent, temperate, sound in faith, in love, in patience”

(Titus 2:2)

“The older women likewise, that they be reverent in behavior, not slanderers, not given to much wine, teachers of good things”

(Titus 2:3)

2. Concerning the Younger Women and Men:

“To be discreet, chaste, homemakers, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God may not be blasphemed”

(Titus 2:5)

“Likewise, exhort the young men to be sober-minded” (Titus 2:6)

The Epistle to Titus

3. Regarding the Bondservants:

“Exhort bondservants to be obedient to their own masters, to be well pleasing in all things, not answering back, not pilfering, but showing all good fidelity, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things” (Titus 2:9-10)

IV. Grace is the Foundation and Cornerstone of Salvation: (Chs. 2-3)

1. Trained by the Saving Grace, which Encompasses Past, Present and Future:

“For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age”

(Titus 2:11-12)

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“Looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself His own special people, zealous for good works.

(Titus 2:13-14)

2. God Saved Us, According to His Great Mercy:

“For we ourselves were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful and hating one another. But when the kindness and the love of God our Savior toward man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit, whom He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior, that having been justified by His grace we should become heirs according to the hope of eternal life”

(Titus 3:3-7)

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“This is a faithful saying, and these things I want you to affirm constantly, that those who have believed in God should be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable to men”

(Titus 3:8)

V. Ending: (Ch. 3)

“All who are with me greet you. Greet those who love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen”

(Titus 3:15)