The Epistle to the Hebrews Jesus the Better Way. Hebrews in the New Testament Gospel (4) Matthew...

The Epistle to the HebrewsJesus the Better Way

Hebrews in the New TestamentGospel (4)Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

History (1)Acts

Epistle (21)Paul (13)

Romans

1 and 2 Cor.

Galatians

Ephesians

Philippians

Colossians

1 and 2 Thess.

1 and 2 Tim.

Titus

Philemon

Epistle (21)General (8)

Hebrews

James

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

2 John

3 John

Jude

Prophecy (1)Revelation

2

Preparation for the Church / Life of Christc. A.D. 1 – 30

( Matthew through John )

Establishment of the Churchc. A.D. 30 – 60

( Acts through Philemon )

Latter Developments in the Churchc. A.D 60 – 90

( Hebrews through Revelation )

Time Period in NT History

3

Period 1

Period 2

Period 3

Book BackgroundTitle: Hebrews

1. The title “Hebrews” (Pros Hebraious, To the Hebrews) is not original with the book, but was later assigned to the book. Hebrews is the first of eight books known as the General Epistles. These eight books are called General Epistles because they are addressed to a “general”, widespread audience rather than a particular local church (Corinth, Ephesus, Philippi, etc.) or particular individual (Timothy, Titus, Philemon).

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Book BackgroundTitle: Hebrews

2. “The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews” is a title that is found in some editions of the King James Version, but there is no early manuscript evidence to support this wording and it was not a part of the original letter. It was added later.

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Book BackgroundAuthor: Unknown

1. Like the genealogy of Melchizedek (7:3), the author of Hebrews is unknown. Different authors have been suggested (Barnabas, Luke, Apollos, Silas, Paul, etc.).

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2. The language and style of writing used in the salutation is very similar to what Paul would use (13:18-25), but the typical mention of Paul’s name in a greeting is missing from the book (see Rom. 1:1; 1 Cor. 1:1; etc.). Also, the author appears not to have been an apostle, but one who received the gospel message from the apostles (2:3). Another consideration is to note that the author quotes exclusively from the Septuagint and not from the Hebrew text as Paul often does in his epistles.

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3. Men like Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Athanasuis believed that Paul wrote the book. The original recipients knew who he was (13:18-25), but no one knows for certain who wrote the book. However, we can all know for certain what his message was.

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Book BackgroundAudience: Jewish Christians

1. Hebrews was written to “brethren” (3:1,12; 10:19; 13:1,22). The traditional view is that the audience was primarily a group of Jewish Christians. There are several references to Old Testament passages, persons (Moses, Joshua, Melchizedek, Aaron, Abraham, etc.), and institutions (priesthood, tabernacle, sacrifices) which would have been understood by a Jewish audience more so than a Gentile audience.

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1. (continued) The repeated use of the present tense in connection to the sacrificial system points to the temple still being in use (8:4,13; 9:4,5,9; 10:1,8,11; 13:10-11). Also, there is no specific mention of Gentiles in the book. The readers may have been Jewish Christians in or around Rome (13:24).

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2. The readers were Christians who had obeyed the gospel (2:3-4; 3:1,12,14; 6:9). They knew the author (13:19) and Timothy (13:23). They were not novices (5:12; 6:1-3) and they had been ministers to the saints (6:10). They had been persecuted, but not to the point of bloodshed (10:32-34; 12:4; 13:3). They had leadership (13:7,17,24).

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2. (continued) However, they were in danger of drifting (2:1), neglect (2:3), and falling away (3:12; 4:1,11; 12:12-15). They were dull of hearing (5:11) and needed to press on to maturity (6:1). They were going after strange teachings (13:9-10). Some were even making a custom of forsaking the assemblies (10:25), sinning willfully (10:26), and shrinking back to perdition (10:39).

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Book BackgroundPurpose: Exhortation

1. Hebrews is a book of exhortation (13:22). It was written to exhort the readers not to fall away from Christ. These readers who once stepped out of Judaism into Christianity, are now turning back to the Old Law or turning aside to worldliness (2:1,3; 3:12-13; 4:1,11; 5:11; 6:1,4-8; 10:25,26,39; 12:12,15,25; 13:9-10). They may have done this to avoid persecution.

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2. Hebrews exhorts the readers to mature and press forward (6:1,9-12) rather than fall away. They are exhorted several times to “hold fast” what they have in Christ (3:6,14; 4:14; 10:23). The author’s appeal to mature is based upon the absolute sufficiency, supremacy and superiority of Jesus Christ. He is the “better” way! The author’s appeal in the book peaks with the statement: “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever” (13:8).

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2. (continued) It has been suggested that the author begins his book like an essay, proceeds like a sermon, and ends like a letter (Introduction to the New Testament, H.C. Thiessen, page 297). The author makes use of typical homiletical devices (3:1; 5:11; 7:4; 6:3; 9:5b; 11:32; 12:3; 13:22), frequent exhortations (2:1; 3:1-2; 4:11,14; 10:19-25,35; 12:1-5,12-13; 13:13-15), and sharp warnings (2:2-4; 3:6,12-13; 4:1,12-13; 6:4-8; 10:26-31; 12:14-17,25-29; 13:9).

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2. (continued) The author also exhorts the readers using the words, “let us”, twelve times (4:1,11,14,16; 6:1; 10:22,23,24; 12:1,28; 13:13,15). The author warns against apostasy (6:4-8; 10:26-29; 12:14-19) and encourages his readers to renew their zeal for Christ (6:9-12; 10:19-39; 12:12-17).

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Book BackgroundDate: c. A.D. 64-681. Clement of Rome quoted abundantly from Hebrews in

his epistle 1 Clement (c. A.D. 95), so it would have been written prior to that time. We know that it was written while Timothy is still alive (13:23). The book was probably written prior to the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. Reference is made to the old Jewish sacrificial system which would imply that the temple in Jerusalem was still standing at the time the book was written (5:1-3; 7:23,27; 8:3-5; 9:6-9,13,25; 10:1,3-4,8,11; 12:26-27; 13:9-11). A date between A.D. 64 and 68 is suggested.

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Book BackgroundTheme: “Jesus the Better Way”1. The theme of the book of Hebrews centers on the

concept of Jesus Christ being “better” (supreme and superior). For the use of “better” in the book, see the following references: 1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6 (twice); 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24. For the use of “more excellent”, see 1:4 and 8:6. For the use of “greater and more perfect”, see 9:11. Jesus is better than the angels because they worship him (1:6). Jesus is better than Moses because he created him (3:3).

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Book BackgroundTheme: “Jesus the Better Way”1. (continued) Jesus is better than the Aaronic priesthood

because his sacrifice was once for all time (7:27). Jesus is better than the Old Covenant because his covenant provides better promises (8:6).

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Book BackgroundTheme: “Jesus the Better Way”2. In short, there is more to be gained in Jesus than to be

lost in returning to Judaism or worldliness. Jesus is “better” for these Christians rather than going back to the Old Law or going aside into worldliness. These Christians who were in danger of falling away needed to understand that they were leaving behind a Savior who is “better” for them than anyone else or anything else. Hebrews is “the book of better things”. The original readers were exhorted not to leave the superior (“better”) to go to the inferior.

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Book BackgroundTheme: “Jesus the Better Way”2. Jesus is a “better” messenger (1:1 - 2:18), apostle (3:1 -

4:13), and high priest (4:14 - 7:28). Jesus also offers a “better” covenant (8:1 - 9:28), sacrifice (10:1-31), and way of faith (10:32 - 13:25). If these Christians fall away for good (6:4-6), they will forfeit all their blessings and benefits from Jesus Christ (1:14; 2:10-12,18; 3:1,13; 4:9,14-16; 5:9; 6:18-19; 7:25; 9:14,24,28; 10:10,14,19-26,34-35; 11:6,40; 12:11,22-24; 13:8,10,14-15,20-21).

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Keys to the Book• Key verses: 1:4; 8:2,6; 10:20• Key word: “better” – the book of Hebrews sets

forth the fact that Jesus is “better” (superior) to the OT covenant and way of life

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Hebrews: “Jesus the Better Way”

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1. The Better NAME OF CHRIST (Hebrews 1:1 – 4:13). Key Verse: 1:4.a.) Christ is better than the prophets (1:1-3).b.) Christ is better than the angels (1:4 – 2:18).c.) Christ is better than Moses (3:1 – 4:13).

2. The Better MINISTRY OF CHRIST (Hebrews 4:13 – 10:18). Key Verse: 8:2,6.a.) Christ serves a better priesthood (4:14 – 8:5).b.) Christ mediates a better covenant (8:6 – 10:18).

3. The Better WAY OF CHRIST (Hebrews 10:19 – 13:25). Key Verse: 10:20.a.) It gives an assurance of faith (10:19-39).b.) It requires an obedience of faith (11:1-40).c.) It demands an endurance of faith (12:1-13).d.) It encourages a service of faith (12:14 - 13:17).e.) Closing remarks and benediction (13:18-25).

Outline of the BookJesus the Better Way

• The Better Name of Christ (1:1 – 4:13)

– Key verse: 1:4

• The Better Ministry of Christ (4:13 – 10:18)

– Key verse 8:2,6

• The Better Way of Christ (10:19 – 13:25)

– Key verse: 10:20

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Outline of the BookJesus the Better Way

• The Better Name of Christ (1:1 – 4:13)

– Christ is better than the prophets (1:1-3)

– Christ is better than the angels (1:4 – 2:18)

– Christ is better than Moses (3:1 – 4:13)

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Chapter 1 Themes

• “God having … spoken” (1:1-3)

• “Better than the angels” (1:4-14)

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God Has SpokenHebrews 1:1-2

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God Has Spoken God Has Spoken

“Old time” (OT times) “End of these days” (time of Jesus to the present) – 1 Pet. 1:20

“The fathers” (OT Israelites)

Us (Christians)

“In the prophets” “in his Son” (Jesus) – Mt. 17:5

7 Divine Descriptions of Jesus

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Hebrews 1:2-3 Jesus Is Divine

1:2 Divine privilege John 1:14,18; 20:31

1:2 Divine creation John 1:1-3

1:3 Divine glory John 1:14

1:3 Divine image John 1:18; 10:30; 14:7-9

1:3 Divine providence John 5:17-18

1:3 Divine sacrifice John 10:11-18

1:3 Divine authority John 17:2

Chapter 1 Themes

• “God having … spoken” (1:1-3)

• “Better than the angels” (1:4-14)

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12 “Better” Things in Hebrews

1:4 having become by so much better than the angels

6:9 But, beloved, we are persuaded better things of you

7:7 But without any dispute the less is blessed of the better

7:19 a bringing in thereupon of a better hope

7:22 by so much also hath Jesus become the surety of a better covenant

8:6 by so much as he is also the mediator of a better covenant

9:23 the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these

10:34 knowing that ye have for yourselves a better possession

11:16 But now they desire a better country, that is, a heavenly

11:35 that they might obtain a better resurrection

11:40 God having provided some better thing concerning us

12:24 the blood of sprinkling that speaketh better than that of Abel

Jesus “Better” Than AngelsHebrews 1-2

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Reference Jesus Better Than Angels

1:4 “so much better than the angels”

1:5 (1:13) “unto which of the angels said he…”

2:5 “for not unto angels did he subject the world”

2:16 “For verily not to angels doth he give help”

Jesus “Better” Than AngelsHebrews 1:4-14

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Jesus Angels

SONSON (1:2,5,8) Worship Jesus (1:6)

God/ruler (1:8-9) SERVANTSSERVANTS (1:7,14)

Lord/creator (1:10)

Eternal (1:11-12)

Sits at God’s right hand (1:13)

The Old Testament in Hebrews 1

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Hebrews OT Reference

1:5 Psalm 2:7

1:5 2 Samuel 7:14

1:6 Psa. 97:7 or Deut. 32:43 (LXX)

1:7 Psalm 104:4

1:8-9 Psalm 45:6-7

1:10-12 Psalm 102:25-27

1:13 Psalm 110:1

Hebrews 1Lessons for Today

1. God speaks to us today through his Son Jesus Christ (1:1-2; Acts 3:23; Mt. 17:5). God does not speak to us in dreams, visions, or latter-day revelations.

2. Remembering Jesus’ divine nature, his saving work, and his exalted position will help us to remain faithful to him and not fall away (1:2-3,8-9; Col. 2:9-10).

3. God is majestic; he is our “Majesty” – let us never forget that (1:3; Heb. 8:1; Jude 25).

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4. Jesus is the “better” way, so we should not fall back or fall away to the world (1:4).

5. It is good to use scripture references to support points that we make in a sermon or a Bible class: “again … and again” (1:5-13; Mt. 4:1-11; Acts 17:1-3).

6. Like Jesus, we need to love righteousness and hate iniquity (1:9; Rom. 12:9).

7. It is a comfort and encouragement to Christians to know that God uses his angels to minister to the saved (1:14; Heb. 12:23). 35


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Jesus “Better” Than AngelsHebrews 1-2

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Reference Jesus Better Than Angels

1:4 “so much better than the angels”

1:5 (1:13) “unto which of the angels said he…”

2:5 “for not unto angels did he subject the world”

2:16 “For verily not to angels doth he give help”

Chapter 2 Themes

• “So great a salvation” (2:1-4)

• “A little lower than the angels” (2:5-18)

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Five Dangers in Hebrews

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1. The Better NAME OF CHRIST (Hebrews 1:1 – 4:13). Key Verse: 1:4.Parenthesis: The Danger of Drifting & Neglect (2:1-4)Parenthesis: The Danger of Unbelief & Disobedience (3:7 – 4:13)

2. The Better MINISTRY OF CHRIST (Hebrews 4:13 – 10:18). Key Verse: 8:2,6.Parenthesis: The Danger of Immaturity & Apostasy (5:11 – 6:12)

3. The Better WAY OF CHRIST (Hebrews 10:19 – 13:25). Key Verse: 10:20.Parenthesis: The Danger of Willful Sin & Judgment (10:26-31)Parenthesis: The Danger of Falling Short & Refusal to Hear (12:14-29)

Chapter 2 Themes

• “So great a salvation” (2:1-4)

• “A little lower than the angels” (2:5-18)

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2:6-8 Psalm 8:4-6

2:12 Psalm 22:22

2:13 Isaiah 8:17-18

A Little Lower Than the AngelsPsalm 8:4-6

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Man (2:5-8) Jesus (2:9-18)

Man, in his humanity, is “a little lower than the angels”

Jesus (as man), is “a little lower than the angels”

“Lower,” but “crowned with glory and honor”

“Lower,” but “crowned with glory and honor”

All things in subjection under his feet (creation)

Suffering of death

Descriptions of Jesus in Hebrews

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Reference Meaning

“Author” (2:10) Gr. archegos, ruler, leader; someone who goes before to lead the way; a pioneer (Acts 3:15; 5:31; Heb. 12:2)


1. There is an ever-present need to take heed because there is an ever-present danger of drifting away from God’s word (2:1; Prov. 3:21; 1 Tim. 4:1).

2. We will not escape God’s judgment if we neglect “so great a salvation” (2:3; Heb. 10:29; 12:25).

3. The salvation of mankind is “great” (2:3) because of God’s “great” love and sacrifice (Jn. 3:16) and because of God’s “great” reward of heaven (Col. 1:5).

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4. Unlike the many “latter-day revelations” of man, the true word of God has always been confirmed by miracles (2:3-4; Mk. 16:20; 2 Cor. 12:12).

5. Mankind has the responsibility of taking care of God’s creation and using it for the good of others (2:7-8; Gen. 1:28-31).

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6. Jesus sacrificed greatly and acted selflessly to become a man and to suffer death for the sins of the world (2:9-18; Phil. 2:5-8). The humanity of Jesus is emphasized in chapter 2 just like the deity of Jesus is emphasized in chapter 1.

7. One’s suffering can serve a greater purpose for himself and others (2:9; 1 Pet. 1:6-7).

8. Singing praises (without instruments) is the kind of music God wants today (2:12; Eph. 5:19).

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9. Jesus stands ready to aid us when we are tempted (2:18; Heb. 4:14-16).

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Chapter 3 Themes

• “More glory than Moses” (3:1-6)

• “Harden not your hearts” (3:7-19)

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More Glory Than MosesHebrews 3:2-6

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Moses Jesus

A member of the house (people) of God

The builder of the house (people) of God

A servant in God’s house (Number 12:7)

A Son over God’s house (Hebrews 1:2-3,8-10)

Leader / law-giver / prophet

Divine Son of God / crowned with glory / Apostle / High Priest

Chapter 3 Themes

• “More glory than Moses” (3:1-6)

• “Harden not your hearts” (3:7-19)

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3:7-11 Psalm 95:7-11

3:15 Psalm 95:7-8

Israel’s Provoking the Lord

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Reference Location Provocation

1. Ex. 14:10-14 Egypt Leave us alone

2. Ex. 15:22-26 Marah Murmur / water

3. Ex. 16:1-3 Wild. of Sin Murmur / bread

4. Ex. 17:1-7 Rephidim Murmur / water

5. Ex. 32:1-6 Mt. Sinai Idolatry

6. Num. 11:1-3 Taberah Murmur

7. Num. 11:4-15, 31-35

Kibroth-hattaavah Lusted / manna

Israel’s Provoking the Lord

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Reference Location Provocation

8. Num. 13:25 – 14:45

Wild. of Paran Unbelief / rebellion

9. Num. 16:1-50 Wild. of Paran Korah’s rebellion / murmured

10. Num. 20:1-13 Kadesh Murmur / water

11. Num. 21:4-9 Red Sea (Edom) Murmur / bread & water

12. Num. 25:1-15 Shittim (near the Jordan River)

Idolatry / sexual immorality

“Today” Harden Not Your Hearts7 Wherefore, even as the Holy Spirit saith, To-day if ye shall hear his voice,8 Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, Like as in the day of the trial in the wilderness,9 Where your fathers tried me by proving me, And saw my works forty years.10 Wherefore I was displeased with this generation, And said, They do always err in their heart: But they

did not know my ways;11 As I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest.12 Take heed, brethren, lest haply there shall be in any one of you an evil heart of unbelief, in falling

away from the living God:13 but exhort one another day by day, so long as it is called To-day; lest any one of you be hardened by

the deceitfulness of sin:14 for we are become partakers of Christ, if we hold fast the beginning of our confidence firm unto the

end:15 while it is said, To-day if ye shall hear his voice, Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation.16 For who, when they heard, did provoke? nay, did not all they that came out of Egypt by Moses?17 And with whom was he displeased forty years? was it not with them that sinned, whose bodies fell in

the wilderness?18 And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that were disobedient?19 And we see that they were not able to enter in because of unbelief.

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1. We must always live as “holy brethren” and we must always aim for the goal of our “heavenly calling” (3:1; Rom. 12:1; Phil. 3:14).

2. Our universe was built by God (Jesus), not by naturalistic evolution (3:4; Jn. 1:1-3; Rom. 1:20; Heb. 1:2,10; 11:1-3)

3. Christians are the “house” (people) of God and we must behave properly in it (3:6; 1 Cor. 3:16-17; Eph. 2:19; 1 Tim. 3:14-15; Heb. 10:21; 1 Pet. 2:5).

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4. The continued salvation of a Christian is conditioned upon (“if we”) the continued faithful obedience of the Christian (3:6, 14; Gal. 6:9; 1 Jn. 1:7-9; 2:3).

5. It is important “Today” to hear Jesus and obey him (3:7, 13, 15; 2 Cor. 6:2).

6. It is possible for a Christian to fall away and be lost (3:12; Gal. 5:4; 1 Tim. 4:1; 2 Pet. 3:17). The doctrine of “once saved, always saved” is not taught in the scriptures.

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7. Daily exhorting one another can help prevent apostasy (3:13; 1 Thess. 5:11).

8. Sin deceives by getting a person to think that his sin is ok, or by blinding a person to the consequences of his sin (3:13; Eph. 4:22; 1 Pet. 2:1).

9. Christians today must be faithful all the way to the end of the race. We must “hold fast” our confession (3:1), our boldness (3:6), and our confidence (3:14) “firm unto the end” (see also Heb. 4:14; 6:11; 10:23; 1 Cor. 15:2; 1 Thess. 5:21; 2 Thess. 2:15; 2 Tim. 1:13). 59


10. “Unbelief” marks the beginning of one’s apostasy (falling away). The apostasy of “unbelief” can be avoided and prevented by keeping our hearing open to God’s word, by keeping our heart soft to God’s word (not hardened), and by continual obedience to God’s word (3:8,12,13,15,18,19; Deut. 1:32; Psa. 106:24).

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Chapter 4 Themes

• “A promise being left of … rest” (4:1-10)

• “Give diligence to enter” (4:11-13)

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12 “Let Us” Admonitions in Hebrews

4:1 Let us fear therefore, lest haply, a promise being left of entering

4:11 Let us therefore give diligence to enter into that rest

4:14 Having then a great high priest … let us hold fast our confession

4:16 Let us therefore draw near with boldness unto the throne of grace

6:1 Wherefore … let us press on unto perfection

10:22 let us draw near with a true heart in fullness of faith,

10:23 let us hold fast the confession of our hope that it waver not

10:24 let us consider one another to provoke unto love and good works

12:1 Therefore let us also … lay aside every weight … and let us run with patience the race that is set before us

12:28 Wherefore … let us have grace, whereby we may offer service

13:13 Let us therefore go forth unto him without the camp

13:15 Through him then let us offer up a sacrifice of praise


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4:3 Psalm 95:11

4:4 Genesis 2:2

4:5 Psalm 95:11

4:7 Psalm 95:7-8

A Promise of Rest for God’s People

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Rest in Canaan Type / Anti-type Rest in Heaven

Good tidings The Gospel

Physical Israel The Church

Physical rest in Canaan - Joshua (Josh. 22:4)

In David, so long a time afterward, he says… Psalm 95:7ff

Spiritual rest in Heaven - Jesus (Rev. 14:13)

The word was not united by faith – rest forfeited through disobedience

Rest forfeited through unbelief

They shall not enter into my rest

Let us fear, let us give diligence

A Promise of Rest Remains “Today”Hebrews 4:1,6,9

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God’s rest in the Garden(“my rest”)

Israel’s rest in Canaan

David speaks of another day of rest – “Today”

Christian’s rest in Heaven

Heb. 4:4,10(Genesis 2:2)

Heb. 4:3,8(Josh. 22:4)

Heb. 4:7-8 (Psalm 97:7ff)

Heb. 4:1,9-10(Rev. 14:13)

sabbath rest from works of creation

rest from works

spoken approx. 400 years after Joshua

sabbath rest from works of Christian service

A Sabbath Rest Remains

Chapter 4 Themes

• “A promise being left of … rest” (4:1-10)

• “Give diligence to enter” (4:11-13)

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1. If “once saved always saved” is true, then there is no need for a Christian to “fear” that he will “come short of” heaven (Heb. 4:2; 10:31; 12:15).

2. Hearing God’s word will profit us only when we unite that hearing with an active faith (4:2; Rom. 1:5; 16:26; 1 Thess. 2:13; Jas. 1:22-25; 2:24-26).

3. God’s rest from his work of creation (4:4,10; Gen. 2:2-3) was meant to typify all the faithful who will rest in heaven from their Christian work of service (4:9-11; Rev. 14:13). 69


4. Sunday is not the “Christian Sabbath,” but heaven is a “sabbath rest” for God’s people (4:9-10; Rev. 14:13; 22:1-5)

5. We must put forth a diligent effort to obey God in order to receive the promise of a heavenly rest (4:11; Rom. 12:11; Heb. 6:11; 2 Pet. 1:10; 3:14).

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6. God’s word is not dead and it is not dull. God’s word can examine and judge all that is in the heart of mankind. Therefore, we should always maintain a very serious attitude toward God’s word and a desire to obey it completely (Heb. 1:1-2; 2:2-3; 4:2,12-13; 12:28-29; Psalm 19:7-14; Psalm 119).

7. God is omnipresent (all places) and omniscient (all knowing); we cannot hide from him (4:13; Psalm 139).

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Chapter 5 Themes

• “Every high priest … taken from among men” (4:14 – 5:4)

• “So Christ also … a high priest” (5:5-10)

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Jesus Our Great High PriestHebrews 4:14 – 8:5

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7 Elements of Greatness References

1. Elevation of position Heaven (4:14; 8:1)

2. Dignity of person Son of God (4:14)

3. Purity of nature Without sin (4:14; 7:26)

4. Eminency of order After Melchizedek (5:6; etc.)

5. Solemnity of ordination With An Oath (7:20-21,28)

6. Perfection of work Save to the uttermost (7:25)

7. Perpetuity of office For ever (7:16,24,25,28)

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Jesus Our Great High Priest

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Aaron (Exodus 28) Jesus Christ (Hebrews)

His work – “minister … in the priest’s office” (28:1-5)

His work (3:1; 4:14-16; 5:5-10; 7:11-28; 8:1-6; 9:11-28; 10:10-21)

His garments – “garments to sanctify him” (28:6-43)

His garments – “without sin” (4:15) … “holy, guileless, undefiled, separate from sinners” (7:26)

Jesus Our Great High PriestHebrews 4:14; 10:21

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Aaron (Called of God) Jesus Christ (Named of God)

5:1 Position and role of the high priest

5:5-6 Divine appointment

5:1-3 Qualification of the high priest

5:7-8 Qualification

5:4 Divine appointment of the high priest

5:9-10 Position and role


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5:5 Psalm 2:7

5:6 Psalm 110:4

Hebrews 4:14 – 5:10Lessons for Today

1. Christians need to “hold fast” their confession; that is, their professed service and allegiance (religion) to Christ (4:14; Mt. 10:32-33).

2. Like Jesus, we can resist temptation by appealing to scripture (4:15; Mt. 4:1-11).

3. Christians, instead of falling away, need to turn in prayer to “the throne of grace” and receive mercy and help (4:16; 1 John 5:14-15).

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4. While God does not answer everyone’s prayer (Prov. 28:9), he does answer the prayer of the faithful Christian (4:16; 1 Pet. 3:12; 1 Jn. 5:14-15).

5. We must obey Jesus in order to be saved (5:9; Lk. 6:46). Salvation is not unconditional, but conditional. There is something we “must do” to be saved (Acts 2:37-38; 16:30-34; 22:10,16).

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6. Jesus is “the author of salvation” (2:10; 5:9). “Author” in Hebrews 2:10 means literally “leader” or “captain” (Gr. archegos). “Author” in Hebrews 5:9 means literally “cause” (Gr. aitios). Thus, Jesus like a “captain” leads the way to our salvation and through him he is the “cause” that makes salvation possible.

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Chapter 6 Themes

• “Let us press on to perfection” (5:10 – 6:12)

• “Abraham … having patiently endured” (6:13-20)

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The Six “First Principles”

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First Principles Taught by Jesus

Repentance Mark 1:15

Faith John 14:1-11

Baptisms Mark 7:1-23; 16:16

Laying on of hands Mark 7:32 (Acts 6:6; 13:3)

Resurrection John 5:28-29

Eternal judgment Matthew 25:46

The Five Characteristics of a Christian

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Characteristic Meaning Reference

1. Enlightened Light of truth, the gospel

Heb. 10:32; 2 Cor. 4:4-6

2. Tasted the heavenly gift

Blessings of salvation

Heb. 3:1; 11:16; 12:22; Eph. 1:3

3. Partakers of the Holy Spirit

Gift(s) of the H.S. Heb. 2:4; Acts 2:38; 8:15

4. Tasted - good word of God

Active working of God’s word

Heb. 4:12; 13:7; 1 Thess. 2:13

5. Powers of the age to come

Divine acts of power

Heb. 2:4; Rom. 1:16; Eph. 1:19

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Accompany Salvation Hebrews ReferenceMinistering angels 1:14God’s word 2:3-4; 4:2, 12-13Aid from Jesus 2:18Boldness 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35Daily encouragement from brethren

3:13

Partakers with Christ 3:14Help - answered prayers 4:16Enlightened, etc. 6:4-5Hope as an anchor 6:18-19Intercession by Jesus 7:25; 9:24

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“Accompany Salvation” Hebrews ReferenceClean conscience 9:14A new and living way 10:19-23Assembling with the saints 10:24-25Example of Jesus 12:1-3Chastening (discipline) 12:4-13Heavenly blessings 12:22-24, 28Worship 12:28; 13:15-16Love of the brethren 13:1-3Shepherds to watch over us

13:7,17

God working in us 13:20-21

Chapter 6 Themes

• “Let us press on to perfection” (5:10 – 6:12)

• “Abraham … having patiently endured” (6:13-20)

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6:14 Genesis 22:16

Promise and Patience“having patiently endured, he obtained the promise”

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God’s Promise Abraham’s PatienceWhen Abraham was 75 When Abraham was 100You will have seed / off-spring

Isaac is born

Genesis 12:1-4 (13:15-16; 15:1-6; 17:1-8; 18:9-15)

Genesis 21:1-5

God promises God performs (Romans 4:18-21)


1. Brethren who become “dull of hearing” need to grow and press on to maturity through study, application, and the teaching of God’s word (5:11 – 6:1; 1 Pet. 2:1-2; 2 Pet. 1:5-8).

2. Spiritually immature and inexperienced brethren who will not grow in the knowledge and application of God’s word are “babes” (5:13; 1 Cor. 3:1; Eph. 4:14). Mature, full-grown brethren are knowledgeable and discerning (5:14; Eph. 4:13).

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3. The Bible does not teach “once saved always saved”. Christians can and do fall away (6:4-6; Gal. 5:4).

4. Christians need to show their work and love in service toward their brethren (6:10; 1 Thess. 1:3; 1 Jn. 3:17-18)

5. Christians need to imitate those who patiently (steadfastly) endure to the end in order to receive the promise of heaven (6:12,15; Rom. 5:3-5; 1 Thess. 1:4; James 1:3-4).

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6. Christians can hope in God’s promises because God does not lie (6:18; Tit. 1:2).

7. The Christian’s hope is like an anchor of the soul, anchored in heaven (6:19-20; Rom. 8:25).

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Chapter 7 Themes

• “For this Melchizedek … priest of God” (7:1-10)

• “Another priest … after the order of Melchizedek” (7:11-25)

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7:1-10 Genesis 14:17-20 (referenced but not a direct quote)

7:17 Psalm 110:4

7:21 Psalm 110:4

Melchizedek and Abraham

Genesis 14:17-20

17 And the king of Sodom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him, at the vale of Shaveh (the same is the King's Vale).

18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was priest of God Most High.

19 And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth:

20 and blessed be God Most High, who hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him a tenth of all.

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Made Like Unto the Son of GodHebrews 7:3,15

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Melchizedek – “abideth a priest continually”

Jesus Christ – “for ever after the order of Melchizedek”

7:1 King - Priest King – Priest (1:8-9; 3:1)

7:2 Righteous - Peace Righteous – Peace (1:9)

7:3 Endless life Endless life (7:16,24,25,28)

7:4-10 Greater - Better Greater – Better (7:19,22)

Psalm 110Jehovah saith unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, Until I make thine

enemies thy footstool.2 Jehovah will send forth the rod of thy strength out of Zion: Rule thou in

the midst of thine enemies.3 Thy people offer themselves willingly In the day of thy power, in holy

array: Out of the womb of the morning Thou hast the dew of thy youth.

4 Jehovah hath sworn, and will not repent: Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.

5 The Lord at thy right hand Will strike through kings in the day of his wrath.

6 He will judge among the nations, He will fill the places with dead bodies; He will strike through the head in many countries.

7 He will drink of the brook in the way: Therefore will he lift up the head.

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Jesus A Priest “For Ever”15 And what we say is yet more abundantly evident, if after the likeness of Melchizedek there ariseth another

priest,16 who hath been made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life:17 for it is witnessed of him, Thou art a priest for ever After the order of Melchizedek.18 For there is a disannulling of a foregoing commandment because of its weakness and unprofitableness19 (for the law made nothing perfect), and a bringing in thereupon of a better hope, through which we draw nigh

unto God.20 And inasmuch as it is not without the taking of an oath21 (for they indeed have been made priests without an oath; but he with an oath by him that saith of him, The Lord

sware and will not repent himself, Thou art a priest for ever);22 by so much also hath Jesus become the surety of a better covenant.23 And they indeed have been made priests many in number, because that by death they are hindered from

continuing:24 but he, because he abideth for ever, hath his priesthood unchangeable.25 Wherefore also he is able to save to the uttermost them that draw near unto God through him, seeing he ever

liveth to make intercession for them.26 For such a high priest became us, holy, guileless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and made higher than the

heavens;27 who needeth not daily, like those high priests, to offer up sacrifices, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of

the people: for this he did once for all, when he offered up himself.28 For the law appointeth men high priests, having infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was after the law,

appointeth a Son, perfected for evermore.

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A Better CovenantHebrews 7:22

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The Old Law The New Law

1. Lacked perfection regarding sin (7:11,18-19; see 8:5; 9:9; 10:1-4,11)

1. Perfection regarding sin (7:25; see 8:6-13; 9:11-22; 10:5-18)

2. Limited access through the Levitical priesthood (7:11; see 8:1-5; 9:1-10; 10:11)

2. Complete access through Jesus Christ: draw near unto God (7:19; see 8:1-6; 9:23-28; 10:19-22)


1. Christians have a “better hope” based upon a “better covenant” (7:19,22; Eph. 4:4; Col. 1:5).

2. Christians can “draw near unto God” in prayer (4:16; 7:19,25; 10:22; James 4:8).

3. Jesus serves as a mediator and intercessor for his brethren daily (7:25; Rom. 8:34).

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Chapter 8 Themes

• “Such a high priest” (7:26 – 8:5)

• “The mediator of a better covenant” (8:6-13)

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A Better CovenantHebrews 7:22; 8:6

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The Old Covenant The New CovenantEarthly, sinful priests Heavenly, sinless priestEarthly tabernacle Heavenly tabernacleFaulty, lacked perfection Faultless, perfectionLimited access to God Free access to GodFlesh cleansed Conscience cleansedObedience from the outside (tables of stone)

Obedience from inside (table of the heart)

Sins remembered Sins remembered no more


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8:5 Exodus 25:40

8:8-12 Jeremiah 31:31-34


1. The Lord wants his people to follow the “pattern” of worship prescribed by him (8:5; Acts 2:42; 2 Tim. 1:13; 3:16-17; 2 Jn. 9; Rev. 22:18-19).

2. Christians have a “better covenant” built upon “better promises” (8:6; Tit. 1:2; 2 Pet. 1:4).

3. Christians truly “know the Lord” because they have God’s law in their mind and in their heart (8:10-11; Jn. 6:45; 8:55; 17:3; 1 Jn. 5:20).

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4. God’s law need to be in our heart, not just in our hands (8:10; 2 Cor. 3:3).

5. Christians are not under the Old Law covenant (8:13; Rom. 7:1-6; 2 Cor. 3:1-18; Eph. 2:14; Col. 2:14).

6. We can have forgiveness of sins because of God’s mercy (8:12; 10:17; Col. 1:14; 2:13).

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Chapter 9 Themes

• “A sanctuary of this world” (9:1-10)

• “The greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands” (9:11-28)

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Copy, Shadow, Figure

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A Copy and Shadow of the Heavenly Things

“Copy” (Gr. ὑπόδειγμα) = a figure, copy, example, pattern, or model; a sign suggestive of anything (Heb. 4:11; 8:5, 9:23)

“Shadow” (Gr. σκιά) = an image cast by an object and representing the form of that object: opposed to σῶμα, the thing itself; hence, equivalent to a sketch, outline (Heb. 8:5; 10:1)

“Figure” (Gr. παραβολὴ ) = a placing of one thing by the side of another; a comparison (Heb. 9:9; 11:19)

A Sanctuary of This World

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A Sanctuary of This World

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Chapter 9 Themes

• “A sanctuary of this world” (9:1-10)

• “The greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands” (9:11-28)

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Greater and More Perfect TabernacleHebrews 8:2; 9:11

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Earthly Tabernacle Heavenly TabernacleHigh Priest - Aaron High Priest - JesusTaken from among men Son of God (divine) & made

like his brethren (human)Offerings for sin Offered up himself (blood)Compassed with infirmity Without sinCalled of God (no oath) Sworn with an oathAfter the order of Aaron (Levi)

After the order of Melchizedek


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Earthly Tabernacle Heavenly TabernacleWeak, unprofitable, lacked perfection

Perfected for evermore

Hindered by death Continual, for everLimited access Draw near to GodDaily sacrifices Once for allPitched by man Pitched by GodOf this world Not made with hands


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Earthly Tabernacle Heavenly TabernacleVeil (9:3, 8) Veil of flesh (6:19; 10:20)High priest enters the holy place alone once a year with animal blood (Lev. 16:1-19)

Jesus, our high priest, entered heaven (the holy place) once for all with his own blood (9:12, 24-26, 28; 10:10, 12, 14, 20-21)

Blood sprinkled on the “mercy seat” (hilasterion) - 9:5 (Lev. 16:15)

Blood for “propitiation” (hilasterion) – Rom. 3:25 (see the verb in Heb. 2:17)


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9:2-7 Exodus 25-26, 30; Leviticus 14, 16 (referenced but not a direct quote)

9:20 Exodus 24:8

Old Testament and New TestamentHebrews 9:15-22

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Old Testament (Covenant) New Testament (Covenant)Death of animals Death of JesusBlood sprinkled (Ex. 24) Blood sprinkled (Mt. 26:28)Cleansed with blood Cleansed with blood

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1. We are living in the “time of reformation” when all things religiously are changed and made perfect (complete) in Jesus Christ (9:10; Mt. 19:28; 2 Cor. 5:17).

2. We live under the new “testament” today, not the old testament (9:16-17; Mt. 26:28)

3. We remember Jesus’ “blood of the covenant” in the Lord’s supper (9:20; Mt. 26:28).

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4. Remission of sins is accomplished by the blood of Jesus and applying his blood in baptism (9:22; Acts 2:38; 22:16; Rom. 6:3-4; 1 Pet. 3:21)

5. It is appointed unto men once to die; no reincarnation; no second chance to get it right (9:27; Lk. 19:16-31).

6. A judgment day is coming. Are you ready (9:27; Acts 17:30-31)?

7. Are you waiting (obedient and hopeful) for Jesus unto salvation (9:28; Tit. 2:13)?

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Chapter 10 Themes

• “Sacrifice… for sins” (10:1-18)

• “Boldness to enter in” (10:19-39)

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10:5-7 Psalm 40: 6-8

10:16-17 Jeremiah 31:33-34

10:30 Deuteronomy 32:35

10:30 Deuteronomy 32:36 or Psalm 135:14

10:37-38 Habakkuk 2:3-4

Chapter 10 Themes

• “Sacrifices … for sins” (10:1-18)

• “The new and living way” (10:19-39)

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1. Our attitude each day should be like the Psalmist (Psa. 40:7-8) and like Jesus: “Lo, I am come … To do thy will, O God” (10:7, 9; Mt. 6:10; 26:42).

2. The offering of Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross allows us to be completely sanctified (set apart) and forgiven of sin (10:10, 14, 29; Acts 26:18; 1 Cor. 6:11; Heb. 2:11).

3. Contrary to premillennial teaching, Jesus now reigns as King (10:12; Acts 5:31; 1 Pet. 3:22).

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4. God’s law needs to be in our heart, not just in our hands (10:16; Lk. 8:15; Rom. 10:18).

5. Christians need boldness to remain faithful to Christ (10:19, 35; Acts 4:11; Eph. 3:12).

6. One’s heart is cleansed and body washed when he is baptized into Christ (10:22; Acts 22:16; Eph. 5:26; 1 Pet. 3:21).

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7. Christians will fall away if they do not heed the author’s three-fold encouragement: “let us” draw near, “let us” hold fast, and, “let us” consider one another – not forsaking the assembling (Heb. 10:22-25; James 4:8; 1 Cor. 15:2; 1 Cor. 11:20).

8. Christians must have faith, hope, and love all active in their lives in order to remain faithful (10:22-24; 1 Cor. 13:13; 1 Thess. 1:3; 5:8).

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9. Let us not sin willfully knowing that our judgment from God will be severe (10:26-31; Jn. 5:29; 2 Cor. 5:11; 2 Thess. 1:7; Heb. 9:27; 12:29).

10. When Christians suffer from persecution, they need compassion, joy, boldness, patience (steadfastness, endurance, perseverance), and a saving faith (10:32-39; James 1:2-4, 12; 1 Pet. 1:6-9).

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Faith’s Hall of Fame

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Hebrews 11 Active Faith OT Reference

Abel Offered Gen. 4:4

Enoch Well-pleasing Gen. 5:21-24

Noah Prepared an ark Gen. 6:9-22; 7:5

Abraham Obeyed, sojourner, looked for a city

Gen. 12-25

Sarah Counted him Gen. 18:11-15

Abraham & Isaac

Offered up Isaac Gen. 22:1-17


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Isaac Blessed Gen. 27:25-29

Jacob Blessed Gen. 48-49

Joseph Gave command Gen. 50:24-25

Moses’ parents Hid Moses Ex. 1:22 – 2:10

Moses Refused, choosing, accounting, forsook, kept

Ex. 2:11-15; 12:1-28


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The Israelites Passed through, Compassed about

Ex. 14; Josh. 6

Rahab Received the spies

Josh. 2:1-24

Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel and the prophets, etc.

Subdued kingdoms, worked righteousness, etc.

Judges; 1-2 Samuel; 1-2 Kings; 1-2 Chronicles; Jeremiah; Daniel

Faith (Trusting) in “Things Not Seen”

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Faith Is Believing… ReferenceThings not seen 11:1The word of God … not things which appear

11:3

That he is … rewards 11:6Things not seen as yet 11:7Not knowing where he went

11:8

The city … whose builder and maker is God

11:10

Faith (Trusting) in “Things Not Seen”

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Faith Is Believing… ReferenceHaving seen them … from afar

11:13

A country … a heavenly 11:14-16God is able to raise up 11:19The departure of Israel 11:22The recompense of reward

11:26

Him who is invisible 11:27A better resurrection 11:35

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11:18 Genesis 21:12


1. Faith is not a “blind leap in the dark”, but rather an assurance and conviction based upon the substance and the evidence of God’s word (Heb. 11:1; Rom. 10:17; 2 Cor. 4:18-5:7).

2. The world was created by God’s word, not by a naturalistic “big bang” followed by billions of years of macro-evolution (Heb. 11:3; Gen. 1:1; Psa. 33:6-9; 148:5).

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3. The world may not care about a Christian, but the one who has the right kind of faith will receive God’s “witness” or divine approval (Heb. 11:2,4,5,39; 2 Tim. 2:19).

4. We need to live in faith and die in (according to) faith (11:13; 1 Thess. 4:14; Rev. 14:13).

5. We, like Moses, must be willing to suffer “the reproach of Christ”; that is, suffer as Christ suffers (11:26; 2 Cor. 1:5; 4:10; Phil. 3:10; Col. 1:24).

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6. The “faith unto the saving of the soul” (10:39) is a faith that is active and obedient to God’s word; it is not “faith only” (Heb. 11:4ff; Rom. 1:5; 16:26; Gal. 5:6; 1 Thess. 1:3; Jas. 2:25).

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12:5-6 Proverbs 3:11-12

12:20 Exodus 19:12-13


12:26 Haggai 2:6

12:29 Deuteronomy 4:24 (referenced by not directly quoted)

Two Mountains Contrasted

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Mt. Sinai (12:18-21, 25-27) Exodus 19-20

Mt. Zion (12:22-24, 25-28) Hebrews 12

Earthly HeavenlyDarkness HopeInaccessible, forbidding Accessible, invitingFearful JoyShaken Not shakenMoses / Old Covenant Jesus / New CovenantWarned on earth Warned from heavenRemoved Remains

You Are Come to Mt. Zion

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What do Christians have that Jews do not?

Blessings and benefits

NT Reference

1. Heavenly Jerusalem

A spiritual house of God in heaven

Heb. 11:10; 13:14; Rev. 3:12; 14:1; 21:1-3

2. Myriads of angels

Ministering spirits sent from God

Heb. 1:13-14


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NT Reference

3. Church of the firstborn(ones)

A called-out assembly of born-again with names in heaven

Heb. 10:25; Mt. 16;18; Acts 20:28; Jn. 3:3-5; Rev. 3:5

4. God the Judge of all

All mankind will be judged

Heb. 4:13; 10:30-31; Acts 17:30-31


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NT Reference

5. Spirits of just men made perfect

Christians are completely and fully forgiven in Christ

Heb. 9:14; 10:14; 13:21; Col. 1:28; 2:10

6. Mediator of a new covenant

Jesus died and a new testament was enforced

Heb. 9:15-16; 10:9; Mt. 26:28; Jer. 31:31-34


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NT Reference

7. The blood of sprinkling

The blood of Jesus completely forgives when contacted through baptism

Heb. 9:12-14; 10:19-22; Acts 22:16; 1 Pet. 1:2; 3:21


1. The Christian life is like a race; not a short sprint, but a long-distance marathon requiring steadfastness and endurance. Sin weighs down the Christian and impedes his running (12:1-3; 1 Cor. 9:24-27).

2. The cross (toil) comes before the crown (reward) for both Jesus and his followers (12:2; 1 Pet. 1:6-9; 5:10).

3. Chastening or discipline is good for us (12:4-11; Jas. 1:2-4, 12).

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4. Christians need to support and encourage each other during difficult times (12:12-13; 1 Thess. 5:14).

5. The devil can use division, worldliness, bitterness and immorality to cause a Christian to fall short of the grace of God (12:14-17; Jas. 3:13 – 4:4).

6. Contrary to denominational teaching, it is possible to fall from God’s grace (12:15; Gal. 5:4).

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7. A “root of bitterness” can spring up and influence us for evil (12:15; Deut. 29:18-19).

8. There is no escaping God’s judgment when we turn away from him (12:25; Heb. 2:3).

9. We need great respect and reverence toward God to listen to his word and serve him faithfully (12:25-28; Rom. 11:20; 1 Pet. 1:17; Rev. 15:4).

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10. God is love, but he has a side to him that is severe (12:29; Rom. 11:22; 2 Thess. 1:8).

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13:6 Psalm 118:6 (LXX)

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1. Love toward our brethren and strangers is to be shown, not just thought about or talked about (13:1-2; Mt. 25:35; Rom. 12:10-13; 1 Pet. 1:22; 4:9).

2. Do what you can to help those Christians who are persecuted (13:3; Col. 4:18).

3. Keep your marriage pure from sexual immorality (13:4; Mt. 5:31-32; 19:3-9; Mk. 10:1-12; Lk. 16:18; Rom. 7:2-3; 1 Cor. 6:9; 7:1ff; Gal. 5:19-21; 1 Thess. 4:6).

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4. Contentment is the answer to the love of money – a root of all kinds of evil (13:5; 1 Tim. 6:6-10).

5. We are promised by God that he will never leave us or forsake us (13:5-6; Deut. 31:6; Joshua 1:5; Psa. 118:6).

6. In a changing world, Jesus stays the same (13:8; Mt. 28:20; Heb. 1:11-12; Rev. 1:17-18).

7. Stay away from false doctrines; don’t be fooled by them (13:9; Eph. 4:14; 2 Jn. 9-11; Jude 12).

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8. Christians are spiritual priests offering up spiritual sacrifices (13:15-16; 1 Pet. 2:5-10).

9. Singing praise to God in the worship assembly is commanded throughout the NT, never instrumental music (13:15; Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16).

10. Elders in a local church watch out for souls of the members; imitate them and obey them (13:7,17; Acts 20:28; 1 Thess. 5:12-13).

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11. It is always good to pray for others and be prayed for (13:18-19; 1 Thess. 1:2; 5:17, 25; 1 Tim. 2:1-2).

12. Stay busy doing God’s will and work (13:20-21; 1 Cor. 15:58; Phil. 2:12-13).

13. God’s word is revealed to us to exhort us, but we must be willing to receive and accept this exhortation (13:22; 2 Cor. 5:20 - 6:1; 10:1).

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The Epistle to the Hebrews Jesus the Better Way. Hebrews in the New Testament Gospel (4) Matthew...

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