1Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Charles-Augustin de
Coulomb
CarlFriedrichGauss
MichaelFaraday
André-MarieAmpère James Clerk
Maxwell
Heinrich Hertz
Maxwell’s Equations
Courtesy of Andrew Aquila (AS&T, UC Berkeley)
The Equations of Light
2Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
The time derivative of the current density,∂J/∂t, drives electromagnetic waves~
3Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
The wave equation in vacuum, with a density n ofbound electrons of resonant frequency ωs
4Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special cases: Propagation in vacuum, no electrons
5Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special cases: Propagation with many electrons,but all free
6Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special case: Propagation in a material of naatoms/unit volume, each with many bound electrons
7Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Special case: Propagation in a materialwith ω2 >> ωs
2, for x-rays and EUV
8Prof. David Attwood / UC Berkeley EE213 & AST210 / Spring 2009 03_Maxwell_RefracIndx_2009.ppt
Quantum mechanical model of refractive index