The ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework Reinforcing Institutional Capacity for Timely Food...

The ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework

Reinforcing Institutional Capacity for Timely Food Security Emergency Response

to Slow Onset Crises at Scale

ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework


Why do we need this?


Research shows us that:• Lack of clear and predictive livelihood and market

analysis, so responses aren’t appropriate or adequate

• Contingency planning lacks a robust understanding of livelihoods and markets, with few indicators about who needs to act and when;

• Little formal response analysis takes place, and does not focus on an overall analysis of needs;

• Traditional situation analysis begins post-shock, too late to conduct a response analysis that enables people to protect their livelihoods.


What does the SRAF consist of?Critical features of the Situation and Response Analysis Framework:•SRAF is part of emergency preparedness and contingency planning. •SRAF is an on-going process.•SRAF addresses how interventions or the work of any single agency fits into the larger picture of what other agencies, national governments and local communities themselves are doing.•SRAF causal factors as well as the outcomes themselves of any given situation. The SRAF was developed embracing the following approaches:•Household Economic Analysis (HEA) •Market system analysis •Early analysis •Repeated analysis •Transparent analysis and planning


SRAF Objectives

SRAF is designed to support better short-term responses to slow-onset food security crises. Better means, •Early: to protect assets•Appropriate: to peoples livelihoods•Proportionate: to need


• Timing is Critical: we need to analyse, prepare and respond early to protect lives and livelihoods

• Understanding people: it is necessary to understand livelihoods, the markets they depend on and the impact of a crisis thereon

• Rapid Funding Mechanisms: understand the resources required, to take appropriate action and release funds before a crisis peaks

• Responses based on need: supporting early, context-appropriate, short-term responses to meet needs and mitigate impacts

• Repeat, repeat, repeat: response analysis must be iterative to be relevant

• An adaptive framework: the framework can be used by government, donors, UN agencies, NGOs

ERC SRAF Guiding Principles

The Framework


PlanningPlanning

Needs Assessment

Needs Assessment

AnalysisAnalysis

ActionAction

Shock

Forecasts of hazard

Immediate Food AssistanceImmediate Food Assistance

The traditional approach


Early AnalysisEarly AnalysisDevelop Strategic PrioritiesDevelop Strategic Priorities

Analysing the impact of different shocks; quantify needs & geographic focus

Analysing the impact of different shocks; quantify needs & geographic focus

Early PlanningEarly Planning

Identify response options, start up times and key milestones

Identify response options, start up times and key milestones

Baseline Assessment

Baseline Assessment

Livelihood AssessmentLivelihood Assessment

Market Assessment Market Assessment

Background review; historical dataBackground review; historical data

Early ActionEarly Action Timely and appropriate humanitarian assistance in the short-medium termTimely and appropriate humanitarian assistance in the short-medium term

Update Scenarios & Contingency Plan

Engagement with communities, government, donors, UN, NGOs and private

sector

Engagement with communities, government, donors, UN, NGOs and private

sector

The SRAF

Reducing vulnerability and contributing to resilience building in the medium-long term

Shock


2 MONTH LEAD

SRAF

What this means: a timeline

Traditional Approach

The SRAF Response Lead


When and where the SRAF is valuable

Requirement for quantitative and detailed evidence for interventions, responses, programme design is a priority.

Detailed data at household and local level is available to conduct detailed analysis of food and income gap.

Participation of local stakeholders including government is secured.Contexts where shocks are repeated and predictable through forecasts. Particularly slow onset crises such as droughtCommitment to Technical prerequisites:-HEA is available or will be conducted -PCMMA is available or will be conductedProgramming aims to embrace principles of market based approaches. Funding commitment exists to a) repeatedly run the response analysis and b) intervene early when evidence

When to use the SRAF


Baseline Assessments: the two pillars

Market analysis Market analysis

Livelihood Analysis

Livelihood Analysis

Pre-crisis Market Mapping and Analysis (PCMMA)Pre-crisis Market Mapping and Analysis (PCMMA)

Household Economy AnalysisRapid Household Economy Analysis


Pre-Crisis Market Mapping and Analysis


The Household Economy Approach


The HEA Dashboard


Early AnalysisEarly Analysis

Step B: Develop detailed scenario modellingStep B: Develop detailed scenario modelling

Step A: Map livelihoods calendarStep A: Map livelihoods calendar

Step C: Determine strategic objectivesStep C: Determine strategic objectives

Early Analysis Process

Identify Hazard, Livelihoods And Market Monitoring Parameters

Identify Hazard, Livelihoods And Market Monitoring Parameters


CASE STUDY: Marsabit Water Access

One of the scenarios considered during a Response Analysis workshop in Marsabit, Kenya in October 2013 was “Below Average Short Rains” in November and December.

Step A: Map Livelihoods Calendar• Changes in the quantities of households key sources of food, income and expenditure• Changes in the price of households key sources of food, income and expenditure • Changes in Non-food factors such as Water, Health, Nutrition, Education• Changes in Prices and Quantities used as an input for developing scenarios in Step B• Changes in Non-food factors are used to develop Strategic Objectives in Step C• Changes in Market Chain, Market Environment and Infrastructure and Services


Step B: Develop detailed scenarios• To quickly model the impact of a forecast hazard you will need to use the HEA

Dashboard for the rapid development of quantified scenarios in the SRAF. o The population of the Livelihood Zones o Projected Changes in Prices and Quantities from the Crisis Calendar developed

in Step Ao Price Data for the Reference Year

• The projected changes in household’s sources of food, income and expenditure can be summarized in the Key Parameters template.


Step C: Determine Strategic ObjectivesUsing the results worksheet of your HEA Dashboard developed in Step B, you should develop strategic objectives that address the projected needs in the scenario developed in Step B. These projected needs can be different for different wealth groups and whether they face a survival or livelihoods deficit.


Early PlanningEarly Planning

Step E: Identify agency priorities and parametersStep E: Identify agency priorities and parameters

Step D: Select appropriate interventionsStep D: Select appropriate interventions

Step F: Map start-up timelines and prepareStep F: Map start-up timelines and prepare

Early Planning Process

Monitor hazard, livelihood and market parameters – and refine models and update plans

Monitor hazard, livelihood and market parameters – and refine models and update plans

Communicate to partners, communities and donorsCommunicate to partners, communities and donors


Step D: Select Appropriate Interventions


Step E: Identify Agency Priorities and ParametersUsing the selected interventions, analyse what your agency has implement over the past 3 or 4 years, and what is currently being implemented by other agencies in the area.

Objective and Interventions Agency Strategic Partner

To protect prime shoats from loss or stress sales (prime breeding stocks) of 65,000 very poor and poor Agro-pastoralists for 6 months (November to April)

1. Livestock feeding

1. Livestock vaccination campaigns

1. Strategic deworming

1. Destocking

1. Support District Veterinary office in management and treatment of livestock diseases

1. Provision of water for the livestock


Step F: Map Start-Up Timelines and Prepare The first step in mapping your start-up timelines and decision dates is to identify the “windows of opportunity” for the interventions that you have selected for your agency.


Early Action Process

React to changes in hazard, livelihood and market parameter data and re-run modelling

React to changes in hazard, livelihood and market parameter data and re-run modelling

Implement range of timely and appropriate interventions

Implement range of timely and appropriate interventions

Use timelines for decision-making processesUse timelines for decision-making processes

Early ActionEarly Action Feed into IPC technical working groups/clustersFeed into IPC technical working groups/clusters

Monitor impact of activities Monitor impact of activities


SRAF and Responding to System Challenges

Discussions with operational agencies, donors and Governments revealed that improvements in livelihood analysis and contingency planning would not lead directly to early response. Early response were constrained by a series of ‘systems problems’:•Local Consensus about Livelihoods and vulnerability•Early Funding•Local Coordination•Agency Preparedness•Flexible long-term funding•Early warning: predictive and analytical


• Coordination:o The SRAF sits alongside and complements Early Warning / Early Action

systems, providing predictive and timely analysis where missing and providing alternative analysis where EW/EA is absent

• Fundingo The SRAF can provide an ideal mechanism for determining when to

release these crisis modifier funds – and where to target them. o Where early funding is not available the SRAF can provide practical,

programmatic evidence that can be used to support advocacy for early funding.

• Implementation planso The SRAF process is to understand the windows of opportunity, the

operations and funding start-up times and to work backwards, to understand what are the key decision points for the timely implementation of certain interventions.




SRAF in action


• Save the Children is implementing a two-year, £10 million DFID funded project, using the Response Analysis process to prepare a Crisis Modifier Operational Plan (CMOP) for two governorates.

• The process revealed that the £500,000 Crisis Modifier fund would be too low to meet needs the scenario of a food price increase.

• The SRAF can therefore contribute to the design of longer-term livelihoods programs by helping to identify the vulnerability of specific populations to common hazards.

Pilots and Results: RA, Yemen, June 2014


HTTP://WWW.SRAF-GUIDELINES.ORG/

Date post:	11-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	michael-green
View:	213 times
Download:	0 times

The ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework Reinforcing Institutional Capacity for Timely Food...

Documents