The Events which led to the civil war

• Pennsylvania became the first state to abolish slavery on March 1, 1780

•Massachusetts became the second state to abolish slavery, and gives the blacks and native Indians the rights to vote

•Debates regarding importation of slaves is debated by delegates at the 1878 constitutional convention in Philadelphia. Congress passes the three-fifths clause stating that each slave is counted as three-fifths of a person for the calculation in representation in the congress. The act strengthens the power in the House of Representatives for slave states.

•States have began to expand. Founding of new states

•The first fugitive slave act is passed by the congress on February 12, 1793. The act authorized the arrest or seizure of fugitives and allowed for the recovery of runaway slaves. The fine for those who aided fugitive was $500

Events before the civil war

•The cotton gin was Invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney, received its patent in March 14, 1794. The machine increased the production of cleaned cotton, making cotton a profitable crop. As a result there was an increasing need of slaves

1800s

•On August 30 1800, Gabriel Prosser leads group of armed slaves to rebel against slavery. He and the group are caught later and were executed

•In 1804, A gradual emancipation act was announced by New Jersey's state legislatures

•On march 2 1807 Law banning the importation of any new slaves was passed by the congress. The new law was to take effect on January 1, 1808

•In 1827, New York abolished slavery

Events before the civil war continued

Gabriel Prosser

•On May 30,1854, Kansas-Nebraska act was passed. The act provided that the region could be decided into two new territories, Nebraska and Kansas. Use of slavery within the new territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty

•On March 6, 1857, Dred Scott, a free slave sued for freedom. But his case was overrules because according to chief justice Roger Taney, Scott had no rights to sue in a federal court. The reason: the chief justice stated that the founders of united states did not included African Americans as citizens

•John Brown, an American abolitionist had tried to liberate enslaved people. On October 16, 1859, he seized the federal arsenal at Harpers ferry, Virginia in order to free and arm enslave people. However, he was captured by colonial Robert E. Lee and was hanged on December 2

•Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator In 1858 . Although he lost the election, when he was debating with with Douglas regarding the north and the south, he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860

Events before the civil war continued

American

Civil War

Timeline

1861

April 12, 1861

The fort was running short of provisions because a supply ship sent by the president Buchanan in January had been turned back artillery fire from shore

South Carolina opened fire on fort Sumter, 34 hours later Fort Sumter surrender

April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter Attack

July 21, 1861

First battle of bull run

•Northern troops met a small numbered confederate force near bull run.

•Union army retreated due to confederates well planned battle

18621862

The first battle of ironclad ships

March 8 & 9, 1862

March 8 & 9, 1862

Two wooden union ship was Two wooden union ship was sunk by confederate ironclad sunk by confederate ironclad “Merrimac”. Then the “Merrimac”. Then the confederate battled the union confederate battled the union ironclad “Monitor” to a draw ironclad “Monitor” to a draw off Virginiaoff Virginia

Sadly…Sadly…

the era of the wooden warships the era of the wooden warships was overwas over due to it’s lack of due to it’s lack of strength.strength.

April 6, 1862 -- The Battle of Shiloh.

The Battle of Shiloh

April 6, 1862

• It was fought on April 6th and 7th of 1862

•Under the lead of general Albert Sidney Johnson and P.G.T Beauregard, the confederate army had launched a surprised attack against the union army, led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant who was on the verge of losing his army

•During the battle, the confederate battle lines became confused during the fierce fighting and the confederate army led by Grant fell back

•General Johnson was killed on the first battle and Beauregard had chose to go against the assault of the final union position

Confederate army was forced to retreat, abandoning their plan to block the union invasion of the northern Mississippi when Gen. Buell brought reinforcements to aid Grant. There they launched a counterattack

Second battle of

bull run

August 28th-30, 1862

•One of the battles where the confederate received the victory

•The confederate was led by General Robert E. Lee against Maj.Gen. John Pope

•The casualties during the battle were larger than the first battle of bull run

July 1862 -- The Seven Days' Battles.

The Seven Days Battles

June 25th-July 1st 1862

•The seven days battles consisted of seven major battles over the seven days

•It occurred near Richmond, Virginia

•The union army, led by Maj.Gen. George B. McClellan was pushed away from Richmond under the command of Robert E. Lee and was left with no choice but to retreat down the Virginia Peninsula

August 28th-29th, 1862 The Second Battle of

Bull Run

•One of the battles where the confederate received the victory

•The confederate was led by General Robert E. Lee against Maj.Gen. John Pope

•The casualties during the battle were larger than the first battle of bull run

December 1862 -- The Battle of Fredericksburg.

The Battle of

Fredericksburg

December 13, 1862

• it was fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia

•It was a battle between general Robert E. lee’s confederate army and the union army led by genera; Ambrose E. Burnside

•The union had suffered massive causalities due to their inability to dislodge the confederates

Battle of Antietam

September 17th 1862

McClellan had discovered lee’s plan for the surprise attack that was waiting for them in Washington. Thus, it gave McClellan to attack lee at Antietam. As a result McClellan forced lee to retreat back to Virginia. However, McClellan's army was too damaged to finish lee and his army

September 22, 1862

•Lincoln announced to free enslaved people in the confederate states.

•Issues the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. Threatening to free all salves in rebellion if those confederate states did not join the union by January 1st of 1863

Preliminary emancipation proclamation

1863

Lincoln stated “unless the rebellious states returned to the Union by January 1, freedom would be granted to slaves within those states”. However none of the confederate states took his words and thus on January 1 of 1863 all union slaves and slaves of defeated confederate states were freed

January 1, 1863Emancipation

Proclamation

November 1862 – July 1863

•Led by Maj.Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, the union gained control of the Mississippi river by defeating Lt. Gen. John C. Pembertson’s army

•Mississippi was a city that was the last confederate controlled section of the Mississippi river

The Vicksburg Campaign

June - July 1863

•Fought during June to July 1863The confederate army led by Gen. Robert E. Lee moved north for their attack in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania

•The union led by Maj.Gen Joseph Hooker and George G. Meade defeated Lee’s army at the Battle of Gettysburg

The Gettysburg Campaign

1864

Red river campaign

•A battle fought from March 10th to May 22nd of 1864

•It was a part of the union’s plan to surround the main confederate armies in order to capture Mobile, Alabama

March 10 - May 22, 1864

March across Georgia

On November 15, 1864 the union led by Maj.Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, marched to the sea across Georgia and captured the port of savannah

November 15, 1864

•Battle of Nashville

1865

Surrender

April 7 1865

After several defeats from the union. Lee was on the verge of surrendering. However, he had led one more battle in hopes of claiming victory. Unfortunately they (the confederates) had lacked of supplies and Lee realized that the union army was gaining on them. So on April 7, 1865, Gen. Lee surrendered. He and Grant met at the Appomattox courthouse to make the confederate's surrender official

Lincoln’s assignation

April 14, 1865