Drs. Wendiyana CahyadianComputer Architecture and

Organization

STMIK SUMEDANG2011

1. The speed at which a human computer can work is limited

2. Human being are notoriously prone to error.Human error ( distraction, carelessness, fatigue, etc)

(a) Human computation (b) Machine

computation

1. A processor capable of interpreting and executing program

2. A memory for storing program and data3. A means of transfering information between

the memory and the processor, and between the computer and the outside world

An abstract model

Z = f (X)Where X is the given input data and Z = f(X) is desired output data

Y1= f1(X)Y2 = f2(Y1)…………Yn-1 = fn-1(Yn-2)Z = fn(Yn-1)

1. The machine should not store the answers to all possible problems

2. It should process information at a finite speed

Two reasonables why computing machine generally accepted

A Turing machineAlan M Turing ( 1912

-1954) in 1936 English mathematician

1.1.2 Limitations of ComputersUnsolved problemIntractable problem4.How much memory space is needed to execute it ?5.How much time is needed to execute it ?Speed limitation

1.2 The First Computer

1.2.1 The mechanical Era1.2.2. The electronic Era1.2.3 A First Generation Computer

1.3 The Later Generations1.3.1 The Second Generation3.The transistor4.Cathode ray-tube memories replace by magnetic drums5.High Level programming language6.Special processor 7.Computer manufactures began

1.3.2 The Third Generation2.IC3.Semiconductors memories4.Microprograming5.Paralel processing6.Efficient methods

1.3.3 A Third Generation Computer Family2.Suited for bussiness and scientific data processing tasks.3.Compatible in different model4.Open –ended for additional units5.Capable for multiprogramming

1.4 The VLSI Era1.4.1 ICSmall Scale Integration (SSI) 1- 10Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 10 - 100Large Scale Integration (LSI) 100 - 1000Very Large Scalle Integration (VLSI) > 10001.4.2 Microprocessor and microcomputer1.4.3 Recent Developments

1.5 Summary

Tugas : Membuat Time line perkembangan komputer