THE FABULOUS FIFTIES AND THE TURBULENT SIXTIESSocial and Political Events

Terms

1. G.I. Bill2. Baby boom3. Brown v. Board4. Civil Rights5. Rock and Roll6. Sputnik

1. New Frontier2. Cuban Missile Crisis3. Gulf of Tonkin

Resolution4. Great Society5. Counterculture6. NASA

Fifties Sixties

The Cold War

The Korean Conflict Red Scare and

McCarthyism Suez Crisis Rise of Castro in Cuba Presidents Truman

and Eisenhower

Vietnam War Vienna Conference Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Political Assassinations Presidents Eisenhower,

Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon

1950s 1960s

Asia: The Domino Theory and Containment of Communism

Korean War Vietnam War

Map Directions—see atlas

Label the two Koreas and their capitals

Draw and label China, the Yalu River, Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea

Draw and label the 38th parallel

Draw and label the Demilitarized Zone or DMZ

Make a key and indicate Communist North (red)and Democratic South (brown)

Label the two parts of Vietnam with capitals, Laos, Cambodia, and Gulf of Tonkin

Draw and label the 17th parallel and DMZ

Draw and label the Ho Chi Minh Trail in red

Make a key and indicate communist (green)and non-communist areas (gold) before 1975

Korea—page 100-101 Vietnam—page 108-109

Compare and Contrast the Korean War and the Vietnam War—5 details for

each circle

Casualties (2012) (for spending, see costofwar.com)

Fatalities: 4486Total for both: 7442

Wounded: 31,454Total for both: 34,826

Total Casualties: 42, 568

Fatalities: 2956

Wounded: 3372

The federal budget allotted 24% for military spending

Iraq Afghanistan

50s Topics

Fifties Quotes—Match the speaker

“Old soldiers never die, they just fade away”

“…our little dog, Checkers…”

“I will go to Korea” “An iron curtain has

descended…” “There are communists

working in the government.”

 

Richard Nixon

Winston Churchill

Joseph McCarthy

Douglas MacArthur

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Fifties Presidents

APUSH

Post-war Tensions, United Nations, Truman Doctrine, Berlin Airlift, Cold War

Fair Deal—Democratic President with a Republican Congress

22nd Amendment Passed in 1947

Taft-Hartley Act—limited union power

Election of 1948—Truman, Dewey (Repub), Thurmond (Dixiecrat), Wallace (Progressive)—False Headline, “Dewey Defeats Truman”

GI Bill of Rights, Baby Boom ,Suburban Growth and Rise of Sunbelt States—conformity and comfort

Korean War and desegregation of the armed forces

Election of 1952 over Dem. Adlai Stevenson Vice-President Richard Nixon (Checkers

Speech) Ike went to Korea and resolved conflict Modern Republicanism Prosperity and suburban life Interstate Highway System Covert actions abroad (Iran and Venezuela) Independence movements in Africa and Asia

of former colonies Suez Crisis—Eisenhower Doctrine OPEC oil alliance and Arab nationalism Spirit of Geneva and Khruschev Hungarian Revolt Sputnik Berlin Crisis and Camp David Meeting U2 Incident Communism and Rise of Castro in Cuba Ike’s warning about military industrial

complex

Truman Years: 1945-1953 Eisenhower Years: 1953-1961

Fifties ConformityAlexis de Tocqueville, a French political

scientist, wrote in 1832: “I know of no country in which there is so

little independence of mind as in America.”

Explain why social critics in the 1950’s probably would have agreed with de Tocqueville’s criticism.

Conformity Suburban living—see Levittown

“The American Dream”

Backyard patios replaced front porches

Anonymity—air conditioning, garages, lawns, fences

“Little Boxes”—song by M. Reynolds Little boxes on the hillside,

Little boxes made of ticky tacky,1

Little boxes on the hillside,Little boxes all the same.There's a green one and a pink one And a blue one and a yellow one,And they're all made out of ticky tackyAnd they all look just the same.

And the people in the housesAll went to the university,Where they were put in boxesAnd they came out all the same,And there's doctors and lawyers,And business executives,And they're all made out of ticky tackyAnd they all look just the same.

And they all play on the golf courseAnd drink their martinis dry,And they all have pretty childrenAnd the children go to school,And the children go to summer campAnd then to the university,Where they are put in boxesAnd they come out all the same.

And the boys go into businessAnd marry and raise a familyIn boxes made of ticky tacky And they all look just the same.There's a green one and a pink oneAnd a blue one and a yellow one,And they're all made out of ticky tackyAnd they all look just the same.

Conformity… Conservative Clothes Conservative Politics

(“We like Ike”) Consumerism—

“Keeping up with the Jones”—credit

Growth of corporate America and “white collar” jobs

Segregation

Conformity Baby Boom and Dr. Spock’s ideas of raising

children Automobile—drive-ins, freeways, burger

joints Television (c. 1948)—united the American

experience TV was called “a vast “wasteland” Game shows—scandal Congressional Hearings on Communism in U.S.

McCarthyism: 1950-56

The Drive In Movie

Women Middle class married

women were housewives and full-time mothers

The Baby Boom

50s TV Highlights Nixon’s Checkers

Speech Evening News Milton Berle Show “I Love Lucy” “Howdy Doody” Mickey Mouse Club

Father Knows Best Leave it to Beaver

Fifties social themes…

Conformity

(most significant)

Non-Conformity

50s Examples of Non-Conformity

Pill Culture Rock and Roll The Beats Coffee houses Beatniks Movies Books and poetry Juvenile Delinquents Art Architecture

Beatniks

Method Actors

Abstract Expressionism

The Guggenheim Museum

Social Themes of 50s and 60s

Overall perception of conformity Suburbia Consumerism Segregation with efforts toward de-

segregation

Conservative Clothes Pills/Pharmaceutical Companies Kinsey

Beatniks

Religion—most Americans went to church—added “Under God” to pledge

Overall perception of non-conformity

“California Dreaming” More consumerism More integration and beginning of

busing

“Mod” Drugs Sexual Revolution “Summer of

Love”

Hippies

Less religious—Vatican II brought changes for Catholics

1950s 1960s

Politics

Truman Nixon’s “Checkers

Speech” “We Like Ike”—

Eisenhower Republican majorities McCarthyism Traditional Values Civil Rights controversies Concerns about Juvenile

Delinquents

Election of 1960 JFK— “High Hopes” Goldwater— “In your heart, you know

he’s right” “All the way with LBJ” Democratic majorities Civil Rights and Vietnam

controversies Baby Boomers and youth-oriented

politics Democratic Convention of 1968 Election of Nixon (Republican) “The Silent Majority” Urban riots The personal became political and

the political became personal

1950s 1960s

60s Non-Conformity—overall theme

Hard Rock Drug Culture Flower Children Hippies Black Panthers Nation of Islam Draft dodgers See counter-cultures Examples of conformity

Election of 1960

President John F. Kennedy, 1961-1963

Election of 1960– “High Hopes” The Kennedys Jackie and kids Robert F. Kennedy The New Frontier

Quotes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqGOquw2K_U

“Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men.”

“The torch has been passed to a new generation.”

“Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”

“By the end of this decade, we shall go to the moon.”

Bay of Pigs Peace Corps NASA—Mercury Astronauts Vienna Conference Berlin Wall “Ich bin ein Berliner” Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

November 22, 1963 Love Field Lee Harvey Oswald Texas School Book Depository The Grassy Knoll Parkland Hospital Jack Ruby Warren Commission “Camelot”

Sentimental Memories…“Don’t let it be forgot,

that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment that was known as Camelot.”

(from the Broadway show, Camelot—as quoted by Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy when reminiscing about her husband’s presidency)

“Every person can make a difference and every person should try.” JFK

LBJ Finished JFK’s term Pushed for Civil Rights Act Ran against conservative Senator Barry

Goldwater in 1964(“Extremism in the cause of virtue is no vice…”)(“In your heart, you know he’s right.”) The Daisy Commercial led to a landslide

victory for Johnson

President Lyndon Johnson, 1963-1969

The Great Society War on Poverty Medicare Medicaid Head Start Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Vietnam War—Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964 A liberal Warren Court Department of Housing and Urban

Development

Political Assassinations Medgar Evers, 1963 John F. Kennedy, 1963 Malcolm X, 1965 Martin Luther King, 1968 Robert F. Kennedy, 1968 (note: Obama used RFK’s old desk in the Senate)

Match up the Sixties Quotes“Do your own thing”

The Generation Gap

“Make love not war”

Turn on, tune in, drop out…

“What we have here, is a failure to communicate”

“One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”

“The eagle has landed.”

“We are mired in a stalemate.”

Hippie philosophy

More hippie philosophy

Druggie philosophy of Timothy Leary

Quote from Cool Hand Luke—a film about non-conformity

Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon—Apollo 11

Commentary on Apollo 11

CBS anchorman Walter Cronkite’s commentary on The Vietnam War in 1968

Problem between parents and kids

Kent State—1970 Anti-war protest on

college campus turned violent when students burned down the ROTC Building

The Governor asked President Nixon to send the National Guard

Accidental shooting occurred leading to the death of four students

Test Review: Matching, Multiple Choice, Essay

G.I. Bill Baby Boom Cold War Civil Rights Rock and Roll Sputnik Korean War Truman and Eisenhower The Beats Abstract Expressionism Conformity

New Frontier Great Society Cuban Missile Crisis Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Vietnam War Warren Court Counterculture NASA Rachel Carson Ralph Nader Betty Friedan Bob Dylan Goldwater

Fifties Sixties