THE FERMILAB NEUTRINO PROGRAM
Patricia Vahle, College of William and Mary November 5, 2010
The Fermilab Neutrino Program
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Booster neutrino beamline MiniBooNE SciBooNE Micro-BooNE
NuMI beam Line MINOS MINERvA NOvA
Boos
ter
Beam
line
MiniBooNE SciBooNE
Micro-BooNE detectors
NOvA NDos
MINERvA, MINOS, NOvA Near detectors
To MINOS, NOvA Far Detectors
MiniBooNE
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Search for LSND-like νμ→νe oscillations with neutrinos and antineutrinos over a short baseline Full discussion of oscillation results in R. Van de Water talk New antineutrino results announced (June 14) with 5.7e20
POT Neutrino mode: excess of νe-like events below 475 MeV Antineutrino mode: excess of νe-like events above 475 MeV
Cross section measurements
Decay region
50 m MiniBooNE Detector
MiniBooNE
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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QE
PRD 81, 092006 (2010)
PRL 100, 032301 (2008)
arXiv:1007.4730, accepted by PRD
PRL 103, 081802 (2009)
2nd paper to be submitted soon
7 cross section publications in the period from 2008-2010
measured cross sections for 90% of interactions in MB
1st time full kinematics have been reported for many of these reaction channels
additional analyses in progress
SciBooNE
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Fine grained detector for precision neutrino and antineutrino cross section measurements
MiniBooNE near detector for oscillation analysis
Decay region
50 m MiniBooNE Detector
Parts recycled from past experiments, DOE-wide Pollution Prevention Star (P2 Star) Award
Scibar: 10t Fiducial Mass 14,336 scintillator
bars p/π separation by dE/
dx Electron Catcher
identify π0 and νe Muon Range detector
muon momentum by range up to 1.2 GeV
Physics Results
absolutely normalized CC-inclusive cross section: November ~12
First step in νµ disappearance analysis
CC QE cross section - end of 2010
ν/ν CC coherent pion production - end of 2010
Neutrino disappearance (joint with MiniBooNE) - early 2011
Neutral current elastic scattering - early 2011
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Preliminary
Peer reviewed journals Phys.Rev.D 78 112004 (2008) Phys.Rev.D 81 03304 (2010) Phys.Rev.D 81 111102(R) (2010)
Conference Proceedings NuInt05, NuInt07(8), NuInt09 (5) NuFact07, NuFact08 (2), NuFact09 (2) ICHEP08, NOW 2008-2009, PANIC 08
Preliminary
Micro-BooNE
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Next step in LAr TPC development, to be installed in booster beam line
Development Goals: Develop/Implementa=on of cold electronics
Purity: Test of GAr purge in large, fully instrumented vessel
Refine sensi=vity es=mates for next genera=on detectors
Demonstrate photon – electron iden=fica=on
Test ability to run near surface
Develop tools for analysis
Develop cost scaling model for larger detectors
Micro‐BooNE Physics Goals: MiniBooNE oscilla=on physics
Suite of low energy cross sec=on measurements
Micro-BooNE
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Completing preliminary design for all systems towards CD-2 review early next year.
Market survey for cryostat, end of the month
Electronics prototyping progress both for JFET pre-amp and CMOS possibilities and for Readout board system and DAQ
TPC wire winding machine prototype ready to string
PMT array purchased, testing program underway
Preliminary design of new building upstream of MiniBooNE on BNB being finalized
Extensive progress on simulation and reconstruction
Technical Design report by Nov 22nd
Cost and Schedule being readied for CD-2
Aggressive schedule allows for data run to start at the beginning of 2013 • ready for beam after a 2012 shutdown OR • Collect 2 full years of beam before a 2015 shutdown
NuMI
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
9 Pr
oton
s pe
r w
eek
(x10
18) Total Protons (x10
20)
NuMI had delivered exceptional running this year 1x1021 POT milestone achieved Summer 2010
Proton economics are a source of concern, particularly in low energy beam Target failure, mid Sept. 2010
Spare target prepared and installed, Beam back Nov. 1 Resume data taking in antineutrino mode no ready spares
Green-LE neutrino running Orange-LE antineutrino running Red-Special runs, alternate target positions
Prot
ons
per
wee
k (x
1018
) Total Protons (x1020)
MINOS
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Anti- neutrino running
Summer 2010 MINOS Results
8.3x1020 POT low energy neutrino mode (7x1020 analyzed) 1.71x1020 POT (taken and analyzed) antineutrino mode Summer 2010 updated results on all oscillation modes
electron neutrino appearance muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance
νe Appearance Results
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Based on ND data, expect: 49.1±7.0(stat.)±2.7(syst.)
Observe: 54 events in the FD, a 0.7σ excess
Look for an excess of electron neutrino like events in FD
Phys.Rev.D82:051102,2010
νμ CC Disappearance
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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No Oscillations: 2451
Observation: 1986
Δm2 = 2.35−0.08+0.11 ×10−3eV2
sin2 (2θ) > 0.91 (90%C.L.)
Δm2 = 3.36−0.40+0.45 ×10−3eV2
sin2 (2θ) = 0.86 ± 0.11
No Oscillations: 155
Observation: 97
Neutrinos Antineutrinos
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Difference between neutrino and antineutrino measured oscillation parameters ~2σ papers in preparation
Understanding this tension, highest MINOS priority 2.1x1020 POT of additional antineutrino running (~7 months)
If difference persists, significance should be >3σ
νμ CC Disappearance
high Q2 Candidate in nuclear target
MINERvA
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Goals of MINERvA: significantly improve knowledge of neutrino interactions in 0.5-50 GeV Low Energy (LE) Beam
Exclusive final state reconstruction Nuclear effects on exclusive final states relevant to current and future oscillation
experiments Medium Energy (ME) Beam in NOvA era
Inclusive scattering measurements Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions
LE Antineutrinos—a mixed bag Samples will give access to new
measurements low rates, poor knowledge of flux, lack of 2-
track elastic final state will compromise the physics output
MINERvA Exposure
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Nov. 2009-March 2010: antineutrinos 55% “frozen” detector with limited nuclear targets Argoneut between MINERvA and MINOS ND—
compromises muon momentum reconstruction
March-July, 2010: neutrinos full detector, all solid nuclear targets in place 95% uptime after first week 27% of LE neutrino request
August-Sept, 2010: Special runs to understand flux 0.2x1020 POT (2/6 of special configuration request)
target failure potentially complicates analysis of half of data set
Total request: 4.9x1020 POT LE Neutrino Beam, 12x1020 in ME (NOvA era) estimated need: 0.9x1020 of LE run for determining
flux using “standard candle” exclusive processes
if last year’s average uptime continues (no unscheduled downtime), need 1.02 years to accumulate total exposure
MINERvA Analysis Status
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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First Anti-Neutrino Data/MC plots 4.04 × 1019 POT, “frozen”
detector Inclusive CC with muon in
MINOS Full detector (GEANT4)
simulation, generator GENIE v 2.6.0 LE Beam MC, untuned flux
MINERvA Analysis Status
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Test Beam Run Progress Physics run: June – July 2010 Data in 2 charges, 2
configurations: Tracker plus EM calorimeter EM plus Hadronic calorimeter
Pions, muons
Neutrino, Anti-neutrino, Beam flux, AND
Test beam Data analyses in progress!
NOvA
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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2 detector, 810 km baseline off-axis neutrino experiment in upgraded NuMI beam line
Search for νμ → νe oscillations
Physics goals: Measurement of θ13 Determining the ordering of
mass hierarchy Measure δCP violating phase
NOvA
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Far Detector building under construction Beneficial occupancy, March
2011 Half detector ready, Mid
2012 Full FD, Fall 2013
Beam Upgrades, March 2012 Recycler/Main Injector
upgrades—decrease cycle time, increase intensity 700kW
new NuMI horns and target Reconfigure NuMI for ME
beam
NOvA Near Detector (on the surface)
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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(GeV)!E
1 2 3 4
PO
T /
50
Me
V /
20
t20
10
"C
C E
ve
nts
/ 3
0
100
200
300
NDOS FHC
(GeV)!
E
1 2 3 4
PO
T / 5
0 M
eV
/ 2
0 t
20
10
"C
C E
ven
ts / 3
0
100
200
300
NDOS RHC
µ! + µ!
µ!
µ!
(GeV)!E
1 2 3 4
PO
T /
50
Me
V /
15
kt
20
10
"C
C E
ve
nts
/ 3
0
10
20
30 FD
Power Distribution
DCM Front End Electronics and APDs
Cosmic Ray Muon
(noisy channel)
Cel
l
Plane
NOvA Near Detector
2 GeV peak provides opportunity to demonstrate signal/bg separation
Summary
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Lots of exciting results coming from the Fermilab neutrino program Increasingly precise cross section measurements Untangling the neutrino oscillations puzzle Hints of the unexpected!
Program will continue to be vibrant in to the future!
Backup Slides
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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SciBooNE Intro
• Precise measurements of nu and nubar σs necessary for T2K and other experiments
– Non quasi-elastic ν interactions • MiniBooNE near detector
Direct measurement of beam nues Numu disappearance
1 2 Eν (GeV)
T2K
K2K
SciBooNE
Flux
(norm
aliz
ed b
y ar
ea)
Decay region
50 m MiniBooNE Detector
SciBooNE Collaboration
SciBooNE Collaboration Meeting, London March 2008 (Total collaboration: 60 authors, 17 institutions, 5 nations)
Students
Graduated 7 PhD (Barcelona,
Columbia, Rome, 2 Kyoto, Tokyo Tech, Imperial)
3 Masters (Rome, Imperial College, Valencia)
Active 6 PhD (Columbia, Kyoto,
2 Indiana, MIT, Valencia) 1 Masters (Tokyo Tech) SciBooNE PhD students
SciBooNE Masters & other students
Flux predictions
Neutrino Mode Antineutrino Mode
Reconstructed Neutrino Energy
MRD-stopped sample.
MC normalised to data using MRD-matched sample.
SciBooNE Status Data Taking completed Aug 18, 2008
Detector Decommissioned SciBar PMTs back to Japan, EC PMTs back to Italy
All PREP equipment returned
Scintillators, Pb modules, Fe plates remain in detector hall
Collaboration after end of decommissioning
End of last SciBooNE data run
LE 10 ME HE
Neutrino Spectrum
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Use flexibility of beam line to constrain hadron production, reduce uncertainties due to neutrino flux
e-
CC νe Event
Events in MINOS
NC Event ν
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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CC νμ Event
μ-
Depth (m)
Tran
sver
se p
ositi
on (m
)
νµ + N → µ + X
Simulated Events
Near to Far
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Neutrino energy depends on angle wrt original pion direction and parent energy higher energy pions decay further along decay pipe angular distributions different between Near and Far
FD Decay Pipe
π+ Target
ND
p
Far spectrum without oscillations is similar, but not identical to the Near spectrum!
Eν ≈ 0.43Eπ
1+ γ 2θν2
Near to Far
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
32
Far spectrum without oscillations is similar, but not identical to the Near spectrum!
Eν ≈ 0.43Eπ
1+ γ 2θν2
Extrapolation
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Muon-neutrino and anti-neutrino analyses: beam matrix for FD prediction of track events
NC and electron-neutrino analyses: Far to Near spectrum ratio for FD prediction of shower events
Near Detector Neutrino Energy (GeV)0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Far
Dete
cto
r N
eutr
ino E
nerg
y (
GeV
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-1010
-910
-810
-710
-610
Analysis Improvements
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Since PRL 101:131802, 2008 Additional data
3.4x1020 → 7.2x1020 POT
Analysis improvements updated reconstruction and
simulation new selection with increased
efficiency no charge sign cut improved shower energy
resolution separate fits in bins of energy
resolution smaller systematic
uncertainties
Far Detector Energy Spectrum
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Oscillations fit the data well, 66% of experiments have worse χ2 Pure decoherence† disfavored: > 8σ Pure decay‡ disfavored: > 6σ (7.8σ if NC events included)
†G.L. Fogli et al., PRD 67:093006 (2003) ‡V. Barger et al.,PRL 82:2640 (1999)
νμ CC Disappearance
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Δm2 = 2.35−0.08+0.11 ×10−3eV2
sin2 (2θ) > 0.91 (90%C.L.)
†Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (preliminary)
†
Contours by Run Period
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Neutral Currents in the Far Detector
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Expect: 757 events
Observe: 802 events
No deficit of NC events
fs ≡Pνµ →νs
1− Pνµ →νµ
< 0.22 (0.40) at 90% C.L.no (with) νe appearance
R= Ndata − BGSNC
1.09 ± 0.06 (stat.) ± 0.05 (syst.)(no νe appearance)
1.01 ± 0.06 (stat.) ± 0.05 (syst.) (with νe appearance)
Making an anti-neutrino beam
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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π-
π+
Target Focusing Horns
2 m
675 m
νµ
νµ
15 m 30 m
120 GeV p’s from MI
Anti-neutrino Mode Horns focus π-, K- enhancing the νμ flux
Neutrino mode Horns focus π+, K+
νμ: 39.9% νμ: 58.1% νe+νe : 2.0%
Even
ts
Even
ts
νμ: 91.7% νμ: 7.0% νe+νe : 1.3%
Anti-neutrino Selection
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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z position (m)16 17 18 19 20 21 22
tra
ns
ve
rse
po
sit
ion
(m
)
-3.2
-3
-2.8
-2.6
-2.4
-2.2
-2
-1.8
-1.6
-1.4
Transverse vs Z view - U Planes
μ- Not Focused
z position (m)19 20 21 22 23 24
tra
ns
ve
rse
po
sit
ion
(m
)
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
Transverse vs Z view - U Planes
Coil Hole
μ+ Focused
Coil Hole
ND Anti-neutrino Data
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Focus and select positive muons purity 94.3% after charge
sign cut purity 98% < 6GeV
Analysis proceeds as (2008) neutrino analysis
Data/MC agreement comparable to neutrino running different average kinematic
distributions more forward muons
See J. Evans, N. Devenish poster Also A. Blake poster on atmospheric neutrinos
ND Data
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Data/MC agreement comparable to neutrino running
FD Data
P. Vahle, Neutrino 2010
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Anti-neutrino Systematics
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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FD Anti-neutrino Data
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Vertices uniformly distributed Track ends clustered around coil hole
Previous Anti-neutrino Results
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Results consistent with (less sensitive) analysis of anti-neutrinos in the neutrino beam
anti-neutrinos from unfocused beam component
mostly high energy antineutrinos
Analysis of larger exposure on going
Atmospheric Neutrinos
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Rν /νdata / Rν /ν
MC = 1.04−0.10+0.11 ± 0.10
Δm2 − Δm2 = 0.4−1.2+2.5 ×10−3eV2
NuMI Target Failure
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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NOvA and the TeVatron
P. Vahle, PAC Nov. 2010
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Conflict in use of the Recycler—key to achieving 700kW
Reduce NOvA νµ → νe data set by roughly a factor of 2 during the 2015 – 2016 time period
Delay first results on muon antineutrino oscillations by 2 years
Delay first results on the mass ordering and the CP violating phase by 2 years
Delay final results by 1.5 years Add an additional 3.7M$ to the cost
of the project
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NOvA Run-I
Baseline Exposure
Impacted
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