Supreme Court དཔལ་ན་འག་པ་ང་མས་ན་། མན་མཐོ་མས་་འན་ས། Royal Court of Justice Supreme Court Bhutan Supreme Court of Bhutan Tel No. 02-321817/321763 www.judiciary.gov.bt signs for visual senses, mudras, mystical symbols and images to inspire visualization, concentration, and practice. According to Buddhism, the four primary colours are blue, yellow, white and red. The secondary colours are cloudy and smoky, dusty and misty, sunny and shady, light anad dark. Similarly, in Hinduism, white for comic (hasya), dark blue for sensual (srinagara), red for anger (rudra), black for fearful (bhayanaka), grey for compassion (karuna), yellowish white for heroic (vira) and yellow for marvel and awe (adbhuta), etc. The figures and images also serve as broader, abstruse, mythical and civic symbols expressing some of the deepest spiritual insights, beliefs and feelings to convey unity and harmony. According to Shilpa Shastra, images are considered to be of two types, avyakta (unmanifest) or vyakta (manifest). It can be for worship and for decoration (arca and mandana).The arca (mufti) is for worship, the mandana, images are the divinities placed in the lateral niches (parsvadevata). Viswakarma mentioned that: “Human beings attain divinity with this Shastra knowledge of Shilpa Shastra and the existence of this world are co-related. Followers of Vastu Shaastra not only…. worldly pleasures but also experience heavenly bliss.” Conclusion In obedience to the Constitution, the Judiciary will safeguard, uphold, and administer Justice fairly and independently without fear, favour, or undue delay in accordance with the Rule of Law to inspire trust and confidence and to enhance access to Justice. His Majesty enjoined: “… respect for the rule of law is important for a stable democracy. Democracy needs rule of law and success of democracy is obedience to law.”
signs for visual senses, mudras, mystical symbols and images to inspire visualization, concentration, and practice. According to Buddhism, the four primary colours are blue, yellow, white and red. The secondary colours are cloudy and smoky, dusty and misty, sunny and shady, light anad dark. Similarly, in Hinduism, white for comic (hasya), dark blue for sensual (srinagara), red for anger (rudra), black for fearful (bhayanaka), grey for compassion (karuna), yellowish white for heroic (vira) and yellow for marvel and awe (adbhuta), etc.
The figures and images also serve as broader, abstruse, mythical and civic symbols expressing some of the deepest spiritual insights, beliefs and feelings to convey unity and harmony. According to Shilpa Shastra, images are considered to be of two types, avyakta (unmanifest) or vyakta (manifest). It can be for worship and for decoration (arca and mandana).The arca (mufti) is for worship, the mandana, images are the divinities placed in the lateral niches (parsvadevata). Viswakarma mentioned that:
“Human beings attain divinity with this Shastra knowledge of Shilpa Shastra and the existence of this world are co-related. Followers of Vastu Shaastra not only…. worldly pleasures but also experience heavenly bliss.”
ConclusionIn obedience to the Constitution, the Judiciary will safeguard, uphold, and administer Justice fairly and independently without fear, favour, or undue delay in accordance with the Rule of Law to inspire trust and confidence and to enhance access to Justice. His Majesty enjoined:
“… respect for the rule of law is important for a stable democracy. Democracy needs rule of law and success of democracy is obedience to law.”
EstablishmentHis Majesty the Druk Gyalpo established the Supreme Court on 21st February 2010 pursuant to section 2 of Article 21 of the Constitution, which reads:
“The judicial authority of Bhutan shall be vested in the Royal Courts of Justice comprising the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Dzongkhag Court, the Dungkhag Court and such other Courts and Tribunals as may be established from time to time by the Druk Gyalpo on the recommendation of the National Judicial Commission.”
Composition and functionsThe Supreme Court of Bhutan comprise of the Chief Justice and four Justices. It is the highest appellate authority to entertain appeals against the judgments, orders, or decisions of the High Court in all matters and has the power to review its judgments and orders.
JusticesThe Chief Justice of Bhutan is appointed from among the Justices of the Supreme Court or from among eminent jurists by the Druk Gyalpo and the Justices are appointed from among the Justices of the High Court or from among eminent jurists by the Druk Gyalpo, by warrant under His hand and seal in consultation with the National Judicial Commission.
The Supreme Court consists of Five Benches known as Singha Asana (Lion Throne or Bench), Gaja Asana (Elephant Throne or Bench), Aswa Asana (Horse Throne or Bench), Mayura Asana (Peacock Throne or Bench) and Garuda Asana (Garuda Throne or Bench)
Judicial processThe Bhutanese legal system is based on the adversarial principle of procedure with some elements of the inquisitorial system. The adversarial principle of our legal system is enshrined in the Tri-Pitaka, Bardo Thoedrel similar to the Garun Puran.
(a) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court assigns the appeal petitions in seriatim to the Benches.
(b) Each Justice conducts miscellaneous hearing in his/her Courtroom and submits legal briefs to the Chief Justice and the Justices.
(c) Miscellaneous hearing is conducted within ten days from the registration of the appeal petition.
(d) The Justice, who conducts the miscellaneous hearing, briefs other Justices on the merits of the appeal during the weekly conference.
(e) A preliminary vote to either admit or dismiss the appeal petition is taken.
The Supreme Court conducts en banc hearing in the Chief Justice’s Courtroom or conduct a hearing in a Division Bench if an appeal is of offence of Misdemeanor and below or of the equivalent pecuniary value based on the value-based sentencing valuation. The Court will conduct Rebuttal, Cross-examination, Judicial Investigation if necessary and Closing Argument. If required, it may conduct additional hearings.
ConstructionThe foundation stone of the Supreme Court was laid on 13th October 2005. His Majesty the Druk Gyalpo said:
“Justice is of paramount importance for the people…and with the unveiling of the Constitution, the Judiciary of Bhutan would have a vital role to play in its implementation, so it is important that the Supreme Court building is constructed as early as possible.”
The Supreme Court building is the indelible symbol of Bhutan-India friendship. It symbolizes the generosity and enduring support of the Government of India.
ArchitectureThe concept and design of the Supreme Court is drawn from Bhutanese history, mythology, spiritual traditions as well as the modern values of justice. In Buddhism, as well as in Hinduism, we have prayers and mantras for speech, colours, and shapes, figures and
signs for visual senses, mudras, mystical symbols and images to inspire visualization, concentration, and practice. According to Buddhism, the four primary colours are blue, yellow, white and red. The secondary colours are cloudy and smoky, dusty and misty, sunny and shady, light anad dark. Similarly, in Hinduism, white for comic (hasya), dark blue for sensual (srinagara), red for anger (rudra), black for fearful (bhayanaka), grey for compassion (karuna), yellowish white for heroic (vira) and yellow for marvel and awe (adbhuta), etc.
The figures and images also serve as broader, abstruse, mythical and civic symbols expressing some of the deepest spiritual insights, beliefs and feelings to convey unity and harmony. According to Shilpa Shastra, images are considered to be of two types, avyakta (unmanifest) or vyakta (manifest). It can be for worship and for decoration (arca and mandana).The arca (mufti) is for worship, the mandana, images are the divinities placed in the lateral niches (parsvadevata). Viswakarma mentioned that:
“Human beings attain divinity with this Shastra knowledge of Shilpa Shastra and the existence of this world are co-related. Followers of Vastu Shaastra not only…. worldly pleasures but also experience heavenly bliss.”
ConclusionIn obedience to the Constitution, the Judiciary will safeguard, uphold, and administer Justice fairly and independently without fear, favour, or undue delay in accordance with the Rule of Law to inspire trust and confidence and to enhance access to Justice. His Majesty enjoined:
“… respect for the rule of law is important for a stable democracy. Democracy needs rule of law and success of democracy is obedience to law.”
EstablishmentHis Majesty the Druk Gyalpo established the Supreme Court on 21st February 2010 pursuant to section 2 of Article 21 of the Constitution, which reads:
“The judicial authority of Bhutan shall be vested in the Royal Courts of Justice comprising the Supreme Court, the High Court, the Dzongkhag Court, the Dungkhag Court and such other Courts and Tribunals as may be established from time to time by the Druk Gyalpo on the recommendation of the National Judicial Commission.”
Composition and functionsThe Supreme Court of Bhutan comprise of the Chief Justice and four Justices. It is the highest appellate authority to entertain appeals against the judgments, orders, or decisions of the High Court in all matters and has the power to review its judgments and orders.
JusticesThe Chief Justice of Bhutan is appointed from among the Justices of the Supreme Court or from among eminent jurists by the Druk Gyalpo and the Justices are appointed from among the Justices of the High Court or from among eminent jurists by the Druk Gyalpo, by warrant under His hand and seal in consultation with the National Judicial Commission.
The Supreme Court consists of Five Benches known as Singha Asana (Lion Throne or Bench), Gaja Asana (Elephant Throne or Bench), Aswa Asana (Horse Throne or Bench), Mayura Asana (Peacock Throne or Bench) and Garuda Asana (Garuda Throne or Bench)
Judicial processThe Bhutanese legal system is based on the adversarial principle of procedure with some elements of the inquisitorial system. The adversarial principle of our legal system is enshrined in the Tri-Pitaka, Bardo Thoedrel similar to the Garun Puran.
(a) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court assigns the appeal petitions in seriatim to the Benches.
(b) Each Justice conducts miscellaneous hearing in his/her Courtroom and submits legal briefs to the Chief Justice and the Justices.
(c) Miscellaneous hearing is conducted within ten days from the registration of the appeal petition.
(d) The Justice, who conducts the miscellaneous hearing, briefs other Justices on the merits of the appeal during the weekly conference.
(e) A preliminary vote to either admit or dismiss the appeal petition is taken.
The Supreme Court conducts en banc hearing in the Chief Justice’s Courtroom or conduct a hearing in a Division Bench if an appeal is of offence of Misdemeanor and below or of the equivalent pecuniary value based on the value-based sentencing valuation. The Court will conduct Rebuttal, Cross-examination, Judicial Investigation if necessary and Closing Argument. If required, it may conduct additional hearings.
ConstructionThe foundation stone of the Supreme Court was laid on 13th October 2005. His Majesty the Druk Gyalpo said:
“Justice is of paramount importance for the people…and with the unveiling of the Constitution, the Judiciary of Bhutan would have a vital role to play in its implementation, so it is important that the Supreme Court building is constructed as early as possible.”
The Supreme Court building is the indelible symbol of Bhutan-India friendship. It symbolizes the generosity and enduring support of the Government of India.
ArchitectureThe concept and design of the Supreme Court is drawn from Bhutanese history, mythology, spiritual traditions as well as the modern values of justice. In Buddhism, as well as in Hinduism, we have prayers and mantras for speech, colours, and shapes, figures and
