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The Final Push
The End of the War
March – June 1918 German final
offensive
Russia had surrendered Jan. 1918 Russian
Revolution 600 000 German
troops freed up from the Eastern front
German Final OffensiveReasons for the offensive1. U.S. troops would be
ready for combat by late 1918 U.S. joint the war after
Germany sank the Lusitania (April 1917)
2. British naval blockade was, after 3 years having an effect Germany was starving
German Final Offensive German failure to win
this offensive = loose the war
March – June 1918 Germans drove the Allies back 48 km
August 1918 Allies launched their offensive – spearheaded by the Canadians
Canadian’s bringing in prisoners at the Battle or Amiens – 1st battle of ‘Canada’s 100 days’
Canada’s 100 Days
Canadians gained 13 km in 1 day
August 8 “The Black Day Of The German Army” The day the Germans
realized they could not win the war
August 8 – Nov 11 became known as “Canada’s 100 Days”
Canada’s 100 Days continued September – October
the Hindenburg line is broken
October Canadians capture French town, Cambrai
German forces collapse and retreat all along the Western front
Cambrai, 1918
Armistice Germany
asked for an Armistice – 11am, November 11, 1918
An armistice – agreement to end the war Cease Fire
Armistice – Cease-fireTerms of the cease-fire
Immediate evacuation of all territories captured during the war
Withdraw troops within 10 km of the Rhine River – leave all artillery, guns….
Surrender its navy and merchant ships Compensate Allies for war damages Surrender most of its railway rolling stock to France and
Belgium Allied blockade to continue until a peace treaty was
signed – many civilians consequently starved to death
Intended to make it impossible for Germany to resume the war
Paris Peace Settlement – Jan 1919 Conference to draw up
peace treaty – formally ending the war
Canada initially part of the British delegation
Sir Robert Borden insisted Canada’s war effort entitled it to be represented as its own nation – with its own vote
•U.S opposed Canada getting its own vote
•Canada sent its own delegation but had no vote
Treaty of Versailles Palace of Versailles,
where the treaty was signed
Additional conditions as well as those accepted under the armistice
Canada felt the treaty was too tough on Germany
Allied leaders at Versailles
The Interior of the Palace des Glaces during the signing of the Peace Terms. Versailles, France. June 1919.
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles Evacuate the Rhineland (Germany west of the Rhine
River) Reduce army to 100 000, no conscription Abandon its air force Cease building submarines and tanks Reduce its navy to 6 battleships (all built before
1905) Admit responsibility for causing the war “war guilt
clause” Pay damages (reparations) to the allies $30 billion
If Germany did not sign the war would resume Canada signed the Treaty of Versailles as its own
separate nation
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles – The New Map of Europe
Europe 1914 Europe 1919
The Treaty of Versailles
The Fall-out!