The first 10 amendments to The first 10 amendments to the the

U. S. ConstitutionU. S. Constitution

The Bill of Rights:The Bill of Rights:

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1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

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The first ten amendments to the The first ten amendments to the Constitution.Constitution.

These ten amendments list the These ten amendments list the basic rights of the people that basic rights of the people that

the federal government may not the federal government may not interfere with and must protect. interfere with and must protect.

What are the What are the Bill of Rights?Bill of Rights?

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Who determines what the Bill of Rights Who determines what the Bill of Rights mean?mean?

The Supreme Court makes rulings on the The Supreme Court makes rulings on the meaning.meaning.

The Supreme Court balances the rights of the The Supreme Court balances the rights of the individual with the needs of society.individual with the needs of society.

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United States Supreme CourtUnited States Supreme Court

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There are nine justices on the U. S. Supreme There are nine justices on the U. S. Supreme Court,Court,once appointed they serve until they die or once appointed they serve until they die or voluntarily retire from the job.voluntarily retire from the job.Back row (left to right): Back row (left to right): Sonia Sotomayor, Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, and Samuel A. Alito, and Elena Kagan. Elena Kagan.

Front row (left to right): Front row (left to right): Clarence Thomas, Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Justice John G. Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, and Anthony Kennedy, and Ruth Bader GinsburgRuth Bader Ginsburg

1st Amendment = 5 rights1st Amendment = 5 rights Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Speech Freedom of the Press Freedom of the Press Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly Freedom to petition the Freedom to petition the

governmentgovernment Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion

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Free SpeechFree Speech ““Congress shall make no laws . . . Congress shall make no laws . . .

abridging the freedom of speech.”abridging the freedom of speech.” Limits:Limits:

Threaten to blow up airplanes, schools, or Threaten to blow up airplanes, schools, or the presidentthe president

HarassmentHarassment Create too much social chaosCreate too much social chaos Extremely crude language in a public forumExtremely crude language in a public forum Disrespectful, vulgar language in schoolsDisrespectful, vulgar language in schools Hate crimesHate crimes

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Free Speech: Individuals can…Free Speech: Individuals can… Say any political beliefSay any political belief Protest (without getting out of Protest (without getting out of

control)control) Say things about someone that are Say things about someone that are

truetrue Burn the flagBurn the flag Say racist and hate Say racist and hate

slogans slogans Free speech means Free speech means

someone might say someone might say something you something you disagree with. disagree with.

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Freedom of the PressFreedom of the Press

Congress shall make Congress shall make no law . . . abridging no law . . . abridging . . . the freedom of . . . the freedom of the press.”the press.”

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Freedom of the Press: Freedom of the Press: The PressThe Press

CanCan CannotCannot Print any political Print any political

positionposition Make fun of Make fun of

people, especially people, especially politicianspoliticians

Expose wrongs by Expose wrongs by the governmentthe government

Say things you Say things you might not agree might not agree withwith

Libel– intentionally Libel– intentionally injuring a person’s injuring a person’s reputation by false reputation by false factsfacts

Disclose classified Disclose classified government secretsgovernment secrets

Detail how to make Detail how to make a certain weaponsa certain weapons

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Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly Congress shall make no law . . . Congress shall make no law . . .

Abridging . . . The people to Abridging . . . The people to peaceably assemble.”peaceably assemble.”

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Freedom of Assembly: Freedom of Assembly: PeoplePeople

CanCan CannotCannot Protest Protest Parade (with a Parade (with a

permit)permit) Parade Parade

chanting hate chanting hate slogansslogans

Gather in publicGather in public

Protest by Protest by throwing rocks throwing rocks and breaking and breaking windowswindows

Hang out Hang out (loiter) on (loiter) on private land private land without owner’s without owner’s permissionpermission

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Petition the GovernmentPetition the Government

““Congress shall make no law . . . Congress shall make no law . . . Abridging . . . the people. . . to Abridging . . . the people. . . to petition the government for a redress petition the government for a redress of grievances.”of grievances.”

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Petition the governmentPetition the government

You may sue the government for You may sue the government for wrongs.wrongs.

You cannot be punished for exposing You cannot be punished for exposing wrongs by the government.wrongs by the government.

The courts decide the wrongs.The courts decide the wrongs.

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Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion

““Congress shall make no law Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free religion or prohibiting the free exercise there of.”exercise there of.”

Two clauses:Two clauses: Establishment clauseEstablishment clause Free Exercise clauseFree Exercise clause

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Establishment and free exercise Establishment and free exercise clause often conflict with each clause often conflict with each

other. other. In schools, the In schools, the religion issue is religion issue is most prevalent. most prevalent.

A student may A student may raise her hand raise her hand and say, and say, “Teacher, can we “Teacher, can we say an opening say an opening prayer before prayer before this test?” this test?”

If the teacher says: If the teacher says: ““Yes,” it looks like Yes,” it looks like

establishment of establishment of religion.religion.

““No,” it is denying No,” it is denying a student free a student free exercise.exercise.

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Establishment Clause: Establishment Clause: GovernmentGovernment

CansCans CannotCannot

Teach about religions Teach about religions in schoolin school

Allow voluntary Allow voluntary prayer in many prayer in many instancesinstances

Transport students to Transport students to a religious schoola religious school

Read Bible for culture Read Bible for culture or literacy contentor literacy content

Set a state religion Set a state religion Cannot order Cannot order

prayerprayer Teach religious Teach religious

doctrine in the doctrine in the schoolschool

Pay seminary or Pay seminary or religious school religious school teachersteachers

Teach creationismTeach creationism16

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Free Exercise: Free Exercise: PeoplePeople

CanCan CannotCannot Choose any Choose any

religionreligion Lead a prayer in Lead a prayer in

most instancesmost instances Ask questions Ask questions

about religions about religions

Break the law and Break the law and claim it is claim it is religious beliefreligious belief

Raise children Raise children without educationwithout education

Deprive children Deprive children of basic needsof basic needs

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Establishment Clause: Establishment Clause: Government Government

cannot cannot promote promote religion.religion.

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The separation of church and state is a basic principle of the US Constitution.

22ndnd Amendment: Amendment: Right To Bear ArmsRight To Bear Arms

““A well-regulated A well-regulated militia, being militia, being necessary to the necessary to the security of a free security of a free state, the right of state, the right of the people to the people to bear arms shall bear arms shall not be infringed.”not be infringed.”

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What is the debate with the What is the debate with the right to bear arms?right to bear arms?

How much can the How much can the government do to keep government do to keep guns from criminals guns from criminals and youth?and youth?

In order to keep guns In order to keep guns away from criminals, away from criminals, does that limit the does that limit the right of law abiding right of law abiding citizens?citizens?

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Gun Debate Continued…Gun Debate Continued…

Thousands of Thousands of people die every people die every year because of year because of guns. guns.

Thousands of Thousands of crimes are crimes are prevented prevented because of guns.because of guns.

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Shoes representing gun deaths.

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3rd 3rd AmendmentAmendment

The The Government Government cannot force cannot force you to shelter you to shelter soldiers in your soldiers in your home without home without your consent your consent in time of war in time of war or peace.or peace.

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Amendments 4-8 Amendments 4-8

Preserve the Rights Preserve the Rights of the Accused.of the Accused.

These are the DUE These are the DUE PROCESSPROCESS

AmendmentsAmendments

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Amendment 4Amendment 4It prohibits unreasonable It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause..

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4th Amendment4th Amendment

What does the What does the government government need in order need in order to search your to search your home?home? Probable causeProbable cause A warrant given A warrant given

by a judgeby a judge

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5th 5th AmendmentAmendment

You cannot be tried for the You cannot be tried for the same crime twice; that is same crime twice; that is called “double jeopardy.”called “double jeopardy.”

You do not have to testify You do not have to testify against your self. against your self. ““I plead the Fifth!”I plead the Fifth!”

You must have You must have due processdue process of law of law before you are convicted.before you are convicted.

The government cannot take The government cannot take your land your land unless it pays.unless it pays.

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6th Amendment: Speedy Trial and 6th Amendment: Speedy Trial and LawyerLawyer

You have the right to You have the right to speedy trial by an speedy trial by an impartial jury (not impartial jury (not favoring either side).favoring either side).

You must be told of You must be told of charges.charges.

You must be You must be provided a lawyer if provided a lawyer if you cannot afford you cannot afford one.one.

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7th Amendment: Civil Trial by Jury7th Amendment: Civil Trial by Jury ““In civil suits , where In civil suits , where

the value in the value in controversy shall controversy shall exceed twenty exceed twenty dollars, the right of dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be trial by jury shall be preserved, and no preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-shall be otherwise re-examined in any examined in any court of the United court of the United States, than States, than according to the rules according to the rules of the common law.”of the common law.”

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The $20 in the amendment doesn’t seem significant now.

8th Amendment: Bail 8th Amendment: Bail and Punishment: and Punishment:

No excessive No excessive bailbail

No cruel and No cruel and unusual unusual punishmentpunishment

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9th Amendment: Rights Reserved to the 9th Amendment: Rights Reserved to the StatesStates

Says that just because a right isn't expressly written into the Constitution, that doesn't mean it isn't exactly a right

Allows states to Allows states to grant more rights grant more rights than given under than given under the Constitutionthe Constitution

Issues such as Issues such as Drinking ageDrinking age Driving ageDriving age

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1010thth Amendment: Amendment: Rights Reserved Rights Reserved

to the Peopleto the People

““The powers not delegated to the United The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” respectively, or to the people.” a

Any powers not given to the federal government, nor powers that are prohibited to the individual states by the Constitution are then reserved to the people or the states. If the federal and state governments do not If the federal and state governments do not

prohibit something, than the people are allowed prohibit something, than the people are allowed to do it.to do it.

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