THE FIRST OF TWO TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUESfomsnj.org/PDF/PickingTable/PT30-1.pdf · 2018. 6. 19. ·...

THE FIRST OF TWO

TH

30ANNIVERSARY

ISSUES

TABL

JOURNAL of the FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC.SPRING, 1989 VOLUME 30, No. 1 PRICE $5.00

The contents of The Picking Table are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

www.FOMSNJ.org

THE THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY

The SocietyThe Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Societywas founded in 1959 and the first issue of ThePicking Table appeared in February, 1960. TheSociety's formation followed the closing of theFranklin Mine by five years and the publicationof Palache's Professional Paper #180 by 24 years.The faces of the Society and The Picking Tablehave changed somewhat in the last thirty years.However, the purpose of the organization andits journal remain the same. To refresh yourmemory, the general purposes are: 1) To partici-pate in the operation of a sound permanent mu-seum for Franklin minerals in Franklin, NJ. 2)To collect and preserve mineralogical, geologi-cal, and historical knowledge relating to theFranklin-Sterling Hill ore deposits. 3) To developnew information on Franklin minerals and miner-alogy through cooperative scientific programswith universities and other organizations andindividuals. 4) To obtain and make available,in proper perspective, accurate information onFranklin minerals and mineralogy. 5). To facili-tate collection of Franklin minerals while con-serving materials for future students and collec-tors. 6) To facilitate identification of Franklinminerals. 7) To promote fellowship and the ad-vancement of both mineralogy and geology byproviding meetings of those interested in theFranklin area. There are more purposes statedin the F.O.M.S. constitution but these providethe essence.

The Picking Table, 1, #1, had Clifford Frondel'salphabetical list of validated mineral speciesfrom the Franklin-Sterling Hill area plus twolast minute additions for a total of 172. The cur-rent Picking Table, 30, #1, also features a splen-did article by Clifford Frondel. Likewise, thisissue has a mineral species list for the Franklin-Sterling Hill area. The confirmed list nowamounts to 330 species plus 4 others, reportedbut unconfirmed. The Society's involvement inthe Franklin Mineral Museum continues to growas does its liaison with universities such asHarvard and Lehigh. The Society, with its pa-rade of faces and talent, continues to follow apurposeful path.

The closing of the mine at Sterling Hill in early1987 calls for some adjustment to our thinking.The challenge now is to place more emphasison preservation of specimens and the record-ing of historical facts about the mines while it

is still possible to do so. The intensity and dedi-cation of the membership will meet this and fu-ture challenges.

Omer S. Dean, President, FOMS

The Science of Mineralogy in Year of ourFoundingThe year 1959 was also a period of diverse pur-suits in mineralogy as scientists in England,Germany, Switzerland, and the United Statescontinued the long tradition of research on theminerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill.

In London, England, L.C. Trumper published hisreport of the gemological characteristics ofzincite. The crystal structure of Franklin rho-donite was published by F. Liebau of Berlin andhis colleagues W. Kilmer and G. Lindemann.Meanwhile, in Zurich, W.Th.Epprecht was study-ing sussexite, and he published his results withAmerican coworkers W.T. Schaller and A.C.Vlisidis.

Local studies were underway as well, andSterling Hill brandtite was found and describedby R.V. Gaines. John Albanese was very activeat this time, publishing a paper on the metamor-phic minerals of Franklin, and beginning his ser-ies of notes on the deposit, which he privatelypublished from 1959-1961.

References:ALBANESE,J.S. (1959) The metamorphic miner-als of Franklin, N.J. Earth Science, 12, 22-24.ALBANESE, J.S. (1959) Notes on the mineralsof Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey. Pri-vately published by John Albanese (1959-1961);one volume with eight parts, 149 pages.EPPRECHT, W.Th., SCHALLER, W.T., andVLISIDIS, A.C. (1959) Uber wiserit, sussexite,und ein weiteres Mineral aus den Manganerzenvom Gonzen (beir Sargans). Schweizerische Min-eralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen,39, 85-104.GAINES, R.V. (1959) Brandtite at the SterlingHill Mine, New Jersey. Am.Min., 44, 199-200.LIEBAU, F.,HILMER, W., and LINDEMANN, G.(1959) Uber die Kristallstructur des rhodonites(Mn,Ca)SiO3. Acta Crystallographica, 12,182-187.TRUMPER, L.C.(1959) The physical characteris-tics of zincite, a rare gemstone. The Gemologist,58, 81-83.

Pete J. Dunn, Mineral SciencesSmithsonian Institution


www.FOMSNJ.org

ThePICKING TABLEJournal of the Franklin-OgdensburgMineralogical Society, Incorporated

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Thirtieth Anniversary

The Society by Omer S. DeanThe Science of Mineralogy in the Year of our Founding

by Pete J. Dunn

History of a Classic; Charles Palache's Monograph on the Minerals of Franklinand Sterling Hill, New Jersey

by Clifford Frondel

The Epidote-Pyroxene-Fluorapophyllite Assemblage in the Franklin Mine at Franklin,New Jersey

by Philip P. Betancourt

Palmer Shaft; Location of Headframe and Engine House —A tracingby Steven C. Misiur

The Franklin-Sterling Hill Mineral Species List, dated 12/31/88

In Memoria: Sunny Cook by John L. Baum and by Richard C. BostwickHenry Althoen by John L. Baum

Mineral Notes — Research ReportsGanophylliteBustamite & RhodoniteNasoniteChalcophanite

From the Editor's Desk by Omer S. Dean

Historic Scenes—Classic Area photographs

A Franklin Fake by Pete J. Dunn

Wulfenite by Fred J. Parker

F.O.M.S. Spring Activity Schedule

Page No.

IFC

IFC

02

08

11

12

1415

16171717

19

20

22

22

24

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *THE COVER PHOTOGRAPHS

Only the chosen few had an opportunity to collect specimens directly from the "picking table".These views help one to visualize the scene. Just imagine the noise level! (Counter-clockwise fromtop right) The "picking table" during operations, Franklin Mine, Franklin, New Jersey. Thedischarge chute from the "picking table" to the gyratory crusher. The gyratory crusher receivingore from the "picking table" via the discharge chute. All photographs are circa 1940. All are fromthe archives of the Franklin Mineral Museum. Our thanks to Bob Svecz, who has placed these photo-graphs on loan to the museum.

The Picking Table, Spring 1989


www.FOMSNJ.org

HISTORY OF A CLASSIC:

Charles Palachefs Monograph on the Mineralsof Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey

Clifford ProndelProfessor of Mineralogy, Emeritus,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA

The year 1985 was the 50th Anniversary of oneof the classics of American mineralogy, CharlesPalache's description of the mineralogy and ge-ology of the famous zinc mines at Franklin andSterling Hill. It was published in 1935 by theUnited States Geological Survey as ProfessionalPaper 180. The monograph still stands bothas a model description of a mineral locality andas a virtual Bible to the collectors of the multi-tudinous minerals of the two mines.

In the Introduction to this work Palache remarks"Through a variety of circumstances unnecessaryto enumerate, this study has extended over aperiod of 25 years". After Palache wrote thesewords, in the final version of the manuscript,there was an unanticipated further delay andthe total elapsed time from inception of theproject in 1906 to actual publication rose to29 years. Palache was a reserved and sensitiveperson, not always communicative about hisactivities, and although his colleagues in theDepartment of Mineralogy and Petrology atHarvard University knew that the progress ofhis study over the years had met severe difficul-ties the detailed circumstances have remainedquite unknown. Recently, the writer had oc-casion to go through Palache's professional cor-respondence, preserved in the archives ofHarvard University, and extending from his ap-pointment to Harvard in 1896 to his death in1954. This revealed the full and sometimes star-tling history of his monograph, and led to thediscovery of his personal notebooks coveringthe initial stages of his field work. The followingaccount of Professional Paper 180 is drawnlargely from these sources.

Palache's interest in the mineralogy of theFranklin and Sterling Hill mines was startedby his older colleague Professor John Eliot Wolff,then Chairman of the Department of Mineralogyand Petrology. At the time of Palache's appoint-ment in 1896 as Instructor in Mineralogy, Wolffhad just begun a decade-long study of the Pre-cambrian geology of northern New Jersey under

the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey.This soon established the fact, fundamental toan understanding of the Franklin area, that theso-called white limestone or Franklin formationwas of Precambriam age and was not the meta-morphosed equivalent of the so-called blue lime-stone or Kittatinny formation of Ordovicianage as earlier thought. It also resulted in thepublication in 1908 of Franklin Furnace Folio161 of the Geological Atlas of the United States.This appeared under the authorship of A. C.Spencer, J. E. Wolff, H. B. Kummel, R. D.Salisbury, and Charles Palache. Folio 161 gavethe first summary account of the geology andmineralogy of the Franklin and Sterling Hillmines and the surrounding area. It remainedthe standard reference work - today a collector'sitem - until the appearance of Palache's Profes-sional Paper 180 and the redescription of thegeology of the area published by J. M. Hague,J. L. Baum, L. A. Hermann and R. J. Pickeringin 1956. Palache had been drawn into the prepa-ration of Folio 161 as field assistant to Wolff.He contributed an annotated list of the 91 miner-al species and varieties then known to occurin the area. This was Palache's first contributionto the mineralogy of Franklin and Sterling Hill.His list was gleaned from the literature andfrom local observations, and contained no newor original data.

Matters soon changed. In 1906, after work onFolio 161 had been completed, Wolff suggestedto Palache that he make a detailed and compre-hensive study of the minerals of the two minesunder the auspices of the Geological Survey.Palache began immediately and spent the follow-ing three years in a virtually exhaustive exami-nation of the existing private and public collec-tions of Franklin and Sterling Hill minerals.Seventeen such collections in New Jersey, NewYork, and Pennsylvania are mentioned in theIntroduction to Professional Paper 180 and othersare indicated in his notebooks and correspond-ence. Among them are Yale University, wheremuch of the early work on Franklin mineralogy



www.FOMSNJ.org

Figure 1. Hornblende. Noble Mine, Sterling Hill. Doubly terminated twin crystal;twin plane 100. Size 5x4x4 inches. Bement Collection.

«-/—-

' x/ /?,

had been done, notably by J. D. Dana, G. J. Brushand Palache's close friend S. L. Penfield. Healso examined the Franklin material in thePrinceton, Rutgers, and Columbia mineral col-lections.

Palache's observations on these collections aredetailed in his notebooks and are accompaniedby skillful freehand sketches of unusual crystalsthat were observed (Figures 1 - 5). His travelexpenses also are recorded and include itemssuch as: horse and buggy $1.00; lunch and dinnerOgdensburg $1.00; Newton hotel $2.00; Pullmansleeper $2.00; carfare, newspaper and shoe shine$0.17; and numerous charges for cigarettes andbeer. Some of his mineralogical notes follow:

Zincite. Buckwheat cut near dike (east side ?).Large crystals, most perfect 31 cm long, licm through base. Best is simple pyramid lookssteeper than Dana's figure. Shows no prism.

Leucophoenicite. Brilliant crystals of varioushabits, suggest orthorhombic symmetry, dullto clear red color, with one gem absolutely

transparent raspberry red color that glows inyellow light like a bit of fire.

Spinel twin. Large and perfect model. 1 5/8 inchon edge, li inch perpendicular to twin plane.Dark color. From red spinel locality near Sparta.

Palache made no effort to examine the numerousspecimens of Franklin and Sterling Hill materialthat had accumulated in European collections,notably in the Natural History Museums ofLondon, Paris, and Vienna. A major source ofthis material was Francis Alger (1807-1863) ofBoston, a part owner of the Franklin mine in1844. He was a very active collector and dealerin Franklin minerals who "...spread the rare andunique minerals of the Fe and Zn mines of SussexCounty broadcast over the mineralogical world"(cf. C. T. Jackson, 1864). Alger also wrote amajor article on the Franklin Mine in 1845.Alger and Thomas Nuttall (who in 1822 wrotethe first general account of the Franklin Mine,and also distributed specimens abroad) werethe first to popularize the minerals of Franklinand Sterling Hill.

31 f ~

Figure 3. Franklinite. Parker Shaft, Franklin. Schuster Collection.



www.FOMSNJ.org

Another important source of information atthis stage of Palache's project came from con-versations with collectors familiar with the his-tory of the mining operations during the latterhalf of the 19th Century. Among them wereW. J. I. Kemble, F. A. Canfield, and E. P.Hancock. What was lacking in this early workand throughout the whole study was access tothe mine workings to study the ores in place.This, and access to mine maps and to geologicalinformation in the hands of the New Jersey ZincCompany was denied as a matter of compa-ny policy that had been in effect long before(and long after) Palache's work. Palache ap-parently was underground at Franklin only once,although he did get to that virtually unreachableMecca of visiting mineralogists, the pickingtable at the head of the mine shaft where theores were sorted and waste material rejected.The picking table was the main source of speci-mens and study material, aside from materialtaken out by miners against Company regulationsand then sold.

Following the completion of his work on privatemineral collections Palache began the detaileddescription of specimen material in the Harvard

laboratories. This was based on the alreadyextensive and rapidly growing Harvard collectionand on selected specimens borrowed or purchasedfrom other collections. His project soon becamegenerally known among American mineralogistsand collectors and was virtually complete by1917. In that year George F. Kunz, Presidentof the New York Mineral Club, invited him tospeak before the Club on the topic of 'TheMinerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, NewJersey'.

First Version of the ManuscriptPalache's manuscript was finally finished, sohe thought, in 1919 and was submitted for publi-cation to the U. S. Geological Survey on August4th of that year. At the time Palache also re-signed from his long extended appointment tothe Geological Survey, never to be resumed. Themanuscript was acknowledged by the Directorof the Survey, George Otis Smith, and was passedon to A. C. Spencer, who put it aside, and thento F. L. Ransome for review and criticism.Hearing nothing after eight months Palachesent off an indignant letter in late March of1920 requesting action. This soon came in theform of a rejection of the manuscript by

&/̂ t

A #/> # X ̂0

^O-c./' JT ^t—^t,

Figure 4. Franklinite. Franklin. McGovern Collection.



www.FOMSNJ.org

Ransome, whose criticism centered on Palache'stheory of origin of the Franklin deposit. It wasmade clear, however, that a revised versionof the manuscript would be welcome and thatthe Survey would provide funds for a furtherfield study at Franklin. In June of 1920 Palacherefused the offer of further support althoughhe remarked that he looked forward "...to makinga study in the future as will put my theory ofthe genesis of the Franklin deposit on a surerbasis of observation." This was never done andhis studies remained based wholly on hand speci-mens. Actually there was a wealth of mapsand other information dealing with the internalstructure, geology and mineralogy of the orebod-ies in the files of the New Jersey Zinc Companybut this did not become available until thepublication of the genetic study by this writerand J. L. Baum in 1974. It is not known justwhat Palache had to say about the genesis ofthe Franklin deposit, since the originalmanuscript is not extant, but it is very probablethat it was the same view he later expressedin 1929 and 1935. Ransome, who had collabo-rated with Palache in the description of thenew mineral lawsonite in 1896, was an authorityin the general field of ore deposits, and certainlycompetent to criticize the rather speculativetheories then existing for the origin of theFranklin deposit.

Final Version of the ManuscriptIt was 11 years before Palache's revision of the1919 manuscript was completed and re-sub-mitted to the Geological Survey, on July 17,1931. The new manuscript was entirely rewrit-ten and much enlarged over the first version.During the 11 year interval over 60 publicationson the mineralogy of Franklin and Sterling Hillhad appeared in the literature, about half ofthem contributed by Palache and his associ-ates at Harvard. This material was insertedin the manuscript. Additional new specimenmaterial together with information on the oresand new chemical analyses also resulted froma close association of Palache with Lawson H.Bauer, Chief Chemist of the New Jersey ZincCompany at its Franklin laboratory. Bauer hada fine personal mineral collection, rich in typematerial and described material, that was laterpurchased and shared between Harvard and theU. S. National Museum.

A major factor that contributed to the long delayin finishing the revised manuscript was the grow-ing diversion of Palache's time to teaching andresearch activities, with added administrativeduties falling to him when, following the retire-ment of Professor Wolff in 1922, he took overthe posts of Chairman of the Department andCurator of the Mineralogical Museum. Among

/ '

Figure 5. Zircon. Balls Hill, Franklin. Canfield Collection.



www.FOMSNJ.org

the major research projects that competed withhis Franklin work during this period were anextended study by him and his students of thepegmatites of New England, beginning in 1912,a study of the Lake Superior copper deposits,beginning in 1920, and a notable series of publi-cations dealing with the methodolgy of morpho-logical crystallography.

When the revised manuscript arrived at theGeological Survey in 1931, it was turned overto Waldemar T. Schaller for review and criti-cism. Schaller was Chief Mineralogist of theGeological Survey and an authority in descriptivemineralogy and mineral chemistry. He madea lengthy and careful examination of the manu-script and, to Palache's dismay, made numerousnew suggestions for further change, mostly ofa crystallographic nature. At this point Palachedecided that enough was enough, and he turnedthe final revision of the manuscript over toLaurence LaForge. He was a well known fieldgeologist, who as a Harvard graduate studentin 1903 had studied crystallogrphy with Palachewith distinction. LaForge finished his rewritingof the text and the redrafting of crystal figuresduring 1932. The drawings were in pretty badshape because, as Palache notes in a letter ofJuly 1932, to C. W. Weckerly, Chief Illustratorof the Geological Survey, "...they had been madefrom time to time through the course of 25 yearsby different draftsmen with difficulty in gettinganything like homogeneous results." The 1930swere a time of long and deep economic depres-sion. A letter to Palache from the Directorof the Geological Survey, W. C. Mendenhall,in November of 1931, comments on "...the greatneed for economy and the many demands onthe publication funds to print reports alreadylong delayed." Further, a projected color platehad to be withdrawn because of the cost. Final-ly, in 1935, 29 years after the project was initi-ated, Professional Paper 180 was published. Itwas worth the wait.

ReferencesALGER, Francis (1845) On the zinc mines ofFranklin, Sussex County, New Jersey. Am. Jour.ScL, 48, 252-264.FRONDEL, Clifford, and BAUM, J. L. (1974)Structure and mineralogy of the Franklin zinc-iron-manganese deposit, New Jersey. Econ.Geol, 69, 157-180.FRONDEL, Clifford (1955) Memorial of LawsonH. Bauer. Am. Min., 40, 283-286.FRONDEL, Clifford (1956) Memorial of CharlesPalache. Am. Min., 41, 306-314.

HAGUE, J. M., BAUM, J. L., HERMANN, L.A., PICKERING, R. J. (1956) Geology and struc-ture of the Franklin-Sterling Hill area, NewJersey. GeoL Soc. America Bull, 67, 435-473.JACKSON, C. T. (1964) Memorial to FrancisAlger. Proc. Boston Soc. Natural Hist., 10, 2-6.NUTTALL, Thomas (1822) Observations andgeological remarks....on the valley of Spartain New Jersey. Am. Jour. ScL, 5, 239-248.PALACHE, Charles (1935) Minerals of Franklinand Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey.U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.Paper 180, 1-135.PALACHE, Charles (1929) Paragenetic classifi-cation of the minerals of Franklin, New Jersey.Am. Min., 14, 1-18.SPENCER, A. C., KUMMEL, H. B., WOLFF,J. E., SALISBURY, R. D., and PALACHE, C.(1908) Franklin Furnace Folio. U. S. GeologicalAtlas, No.161.

HAUCK'SCOLLECTIBLES

, J/./. 07003

743 -1030

The General Public is invited to visitTHE NORTH JERSEY

MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC.We meet at the new

PATERSON MUSEUM, 2 MARKET ST.,PATERSON, N.J. 07501

Easily accessible from U.S. Rt. 80 and oneblock from the historic Paterson Falls.

For information call (201) 881-3874.We meet the 2nd Thursday of each

Month - Except July, August, and DecemberSOCIAL HOUR: 7:00-8:00 PM

includes mineral sale & refreshmentsBUSINESS MEETING: 8:00 PM

PROGRAM - shortly thereafter; Programsfeature a different Guest Speaker each monthSee you at the NJESA Show, Apr. 22-23, 1989

William Paterson College, Wayne, NJ.



www.FOMSNJ.org

The Epidote-Pyroxene-Fluorapophyllite Assemblagein the Franklin Mine at Franklin, New Jersey

Philip P. Betancourt410 Chester Avenue,

Moorestown, New Jersey 08057

A mineral assemblage from the mining area atFranklin, New Jersey, contains substantialamounts of epidote. The occurrence, which issometimes in large masses, is composed mainlyof crystalline yellow-green epidote and greento very dark green pyroxene (mostly hedenberg-ite), with smaller amounts of garnet and otherminerals. It contains cavities with crystals offluorapophyllite, ferroaxinite, pyrite, and numer-ous other species. Epidote also occurs in lesseramounts in the Franklin Mine itself, in a similarassemblage in the Sterling Mine, and in the mag-netite deposits on Balls Hill southwest ofFranklin. It has not been found, however, in thequarries in the Franklin marble.

Because the epidote-pyroxene-fluorapophylliteassemblage occurs in veins that run through sev-eral rock formations (including gneiss, pegma-tites, and ore), it is associated with many miner-als. The most interesting species include:

ActinoliteDark green crystals and fibrous masses are com-mon. They have been identified as actinoliteby Palache (1935: pl!5).

AUaniteAllanite has been noted as distorted and incom-plete black crystals embedded in masses of epi-dote with associated hedenbergite. The crystalsusually have a brown "halo" around them. Theyare weakly radioactive.

Andradite (?)Garnet is common in the epidote assemblage. Itis usually in dark brown to red-brown masses.Small distorted crystals occur occasionally invugs.

CalciteTiny secondary calcite (or aragonite?) crystalsoccur in the veins, and large pink or colorlessmasses of calcite are present on some of the epi-dote-hedenbergite specimens. Small amountsof calcite are present on most specimens.

Diopside (?)On one specimen of massive epidote and garnet,the pyroxene is very pale green (in some areasnearly white). It has not been analyzed, but thecolor indicates it is probably diopside rather thanhedenbergite (PPB, #6505).

EpidoteAs Palache noted (1935: pp97-98), epidote atFranklin is usually associated with pegmatitesin close proximity to the franklinite ore. In themassive epidote-pyroxene finds, the mineral var-ies from bright yellow-green to a duller green.Most specimens show evidence of more than oneperiod of mineralization, with zeolites and otherminerals crystallized in vugs. The epidote is oc-casionally beautifully crystallized, and prismsover half an inch in length may be present. Onespecimen is known with radiating sprays of crys-tals (FJP, #236X).

FerroaxiniteCharles Palache described a find of "clove-brownaxinite in minute crystals" found at the 600' levelin the Palmer Shaft in a cavity with epidote, py-rite, garnet, and apophyllite crystals (1935:pplOO and 115). What may be similar materialwas found in recent years by Nick Rochester andother collectors at the Mill Site dump, as massesof epidote and hedenbergite containing vugs withtiny crystals of all these minerals (PPB, #6703).

FluorapophylliteWell-formed fluorapophyllite crystals occur incavities in the epidote and pyroxene matrix, as-sociated with crystals of ferroaxinite, natrolite,epidote, and pyrite. They are transparent andup to 4 mm long. Sometimes, they form roundedclusters of colorless crystals. Because the fluor-apophyllite was one of the last minerals to formin the cavities, its crystals perch on the top ofthe other species to form particularly attractivespecimens.

FluoriteRough octahedral crystals of fluorite occur in



www.FOMSNJ.org

Figure 1. White natrolite sprays perched on ag-gregrates of fluorapophyllite crystals in a vug.PPB 7219. Horizontal field = 12.65 mm.

a vein in gneiss, with epidote and fluorapophyll-ite. They are violet in color and up to 4 mm insize.

GalenaCubic galena crystals up to 3 mm in size occurin a vein in gneiss, on prismatic epidote crystals(JC, #3065).

Goethite (?)Occasionally, the pyrite crystals in the massesof epidote and hedenbergite have altered to dull,brown iron oxide. The main alteration productis most likely goethite.

HedenbergiteMassive dark green to almost black hedenbergiteoccurs with crystalline masses of epidote, gar-net, and other minerals. The pyroxene is a nor-mal constituent of the assemblage when it occursas large masses. An analysis of one specimen(PPB, #7219), by Dr. Pete J. Dunn, SmithsonianInstitution, yielded the following percentagesby weight: SiO2 50.9; A12O3 0.5; FeO 15.9; MgO8.4; CaO 22.8; ZnO 0.2; MnO 0.9; Na2O 0.6;Total 100.2 percent.

Heulandite (?)Crystals which appear to be heulandite occuron one vein specimen (FMM-K).

NatroliteBeautiful white tuffs of hair-like crystals occur

in cavities in a matrix of massive epidote andhedenbergite and in epidote veins in pegmatite.One specimen has been identified as natrolite(PPB, #7219). The verified natrolite is in vugsin epidote and hedenbergite, associated withfluorapophyllite crystals. Dark brown garnet,pink calcite, and pyrite are present, and tiny zir-con crystals are enclosed within the hedenberg-ite.

PyriteCrystals and masses of pyrite are common inthe assemblage, occurring as inclusions withinthe epidote-hedenbergite matrix as well as incavities. Pyrite is not present when the pyrox-ene is very pale green.

QuartzQuartz occurs occasionally as euhedral colorlesscrystals (MWB, #100). Small masses are oftenenclosed within the massive epidote and pyrox-ene rock.

Stilbite (?)Palache reported a find of indistinct stilbitecrystals on epidote, with actinolite, in a cavityin feldspar (1935: pl!5). Unanalyzed crystalswhich may be stilbite occur with the fluoritementioned above.

Titanite (?)Lustrous dark brown crystal sections up to onecentimeter across, in a matrix of epidote anddark green pyroxene associated with allanite anda small amount of calcite, yield an X-ray patternnear titanite.

ZirconBrown zircon crystals about one millimeter inlength occur within the hedenbergite on a speci-men consisting of bright yellow-green epidoteand dark green hedenbergite containing vugs withnatrolite and other minerals (see natrolite,above).

AcknowledgmentsThanks are extended to the following personsfor assistance, advice, and information on speci-mens: Michael Betancourt, Richard Bostwick,Joseph Cilen, Warren Cummings, George Myer,Fred J. Parker, Nick Rochester, and SteveSanford.

ReferencePALACHE, C. (1935) The Minerals of Franklinand Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey.U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 180.



www.FOMSNJ.org

APPENDIX

SpeciesActinolite

Allanite

Andradite (?)

Calcite

Diopside (?)

Epidote

Eerroaxinite

Fluorapophyllite

Fluorite

Galena

Goethite (?)

Hedenbergite

Heulandite (?)

Natrolite

Pyrite

Quartz

Stilbite (?)

Titanite (?)

Zircon

Key to abbreviations used

Method of VerificationNot Stated

XRD (2); radioactivity

XRD (2)

XRD (1)

Visual ID

Not stated

XRD (3)

Visual ID

Visual ID

Visual ID

Visual ID

Visual ID

Visual ID

XRD (1)

Visual ID

Visual ID

Not Stated

XRD (2)

XRD (1)

in above Table and in the textXRD - X-ray diffraction(1)- Dr. Pete J. Dunn, Smithsonian Institution(2)- George H. Myer, Temple University(3)- Fred J. ParkerFMM-K - The Franklin Mineral Museum, Kraissl CollectionFJP - Fred J. Parker CollectionJC - Joseph Cilen CollectionMWB - Michael W. Betancourt CollectionPPB - Philip P. Betancourt Collection

Reference or ValidatedSpecimen

Palache (1935); page 115

PPB,#8289

PPB,#6505

PPB,#7219

PPB,#6505

Palache (1935); pages 97-98

PPB,#6703

Numerous specimens

PPB,#5328

JC,#3065

Numerous Specimens

Numerous Specimens

FMM-K

PPB,#7219

Numerous Specimens

MWB,#100 & Numerous Others

Palache (1935); page 115

PPB,#8289

PPB,#7219

10 The Picking Table, Spring 1989


www.FOMSNJ.org

a03DO

paZ*-

THE FRANKLIN-STERLING HILL AREA MINERAL SPECIES LIST (12/31/88)

Key: Species followed by dates were first described from this area during the year indicated. Speciesin boldface type remain unique to the area. An asterisk indicates further confirmation is required.

AcanthiteAcmiteActinoliteAdamiteAdeliteAkrochorditeAlbiteAllactiteAllanite-(Ce)AlleghanyiteAlmandineAnalcimeAnanditeAnataseAndraditeAnglesiteAnhydriteAnnabergiteAnorthiteAnorthoclaseAntigoriteAragoniteArsenicArseniosideriteArsenopyriteAtacamiteAugiteAurichalciteAustiniteAzuriteBakeriteBannisterite -1968BariteBarium-pharmacosideriteBaryliteBarysiliteBassaniteBastnaesite-group mineralBaumhaueriteBaumite -1975Bementite -1887BerthieriteBiotiteBirnessiteBorniteBostwickite -1983BrandtiteBrochantiteBrookiteBruciteBultfonteiniteBustamiteCahnite -1927Calcite12

CanavesiteCarrolliteCaryopiliteCelestiteCelsianCerussiteChabaziteChalcociteChalcophanite -1875ChalcopyriteChamositeCharlesite -1983Chlorophoenicite -1924ChondroditeChrysocollaChrysotileClinochloreClinochrysotileClinoclaseClinohedrite -1898ClinohumiteClinozoisiteConichalciteConnelliteCopperCorundumCovelliteCryptomelaneCupriteCuprostibiteCuspidineDatoliteDescloiziteDevillineDigeniteDiopsideDjurleiteDolomiteDomeykiteDraviteDypingiteEdeniteEpidoteEpsomiteErythriteEsperite -1965EuchroiteEveiteFayaliteFeitknechtite -1965FerrimolybditeFerristilpnomelaneFerro-axiniteFlinkite

FluckiteFluoboriteFluorapatiteFluorapophylliteFluoriteForsteriteFranklinfurnaceite -1987Franklinite -1819FriedeliteGageite -1910GahniteGalenaGanomaliteGanophylliteGenthelviteGersdorffiteGerstmannite -1977Glaucochroite -1899GoethiteGoldGoldmaniteGraphiteGreenockiteGrossularGroutiteGrovesiteGueriniteGypsumHalloysite *HalotrichiteHancockite -1899Hardystonite -1899HastingsiteHauckite -1980HausmanniteHawleyiteHedenbergiteHedyphaneHematiteHematolite-like-mineralHemimorphiteHendricksite -1966HercyniteHetaerolite -1877HeulanditeHexahydriteHodgkinsonite -1913Holdenite -1927HuebneriteHumiteHyalophaneHydrohetaerolite -1935HydrotalciteHydroxyapophyllite



www.FOMSNJ.org

HydrozinciteIlliteIlmeniteJacobsiteJarosewichite -1982Jerrygibbsite -1984Johannsenite -1938Johnbaumite -1980JunitoiteKaoliniteKentroliteKittatinnyite -1983KoettigiteKolicite -1979Kraisslite -1978KutnohoriteLarsenite -1928LaumontiteLawsonbauerite -1979LeadLegranditeLennilenapeite -1984Leucophoenicite -1899LinariteLiroconiteLizarditeLoellingiteLoseyite -1929MagnesiohornblendeMagnesioriebeckite

Nelenite -1984NeotociteNewberyiteNiahiteNickelineNontroniteNorbergiteOgdensburgite -1981OjuelaiteOrthoclaseOrthochrysotileOrthoserpieriteOtaviteOyelite-like-mineralParabrandtite -1987PararammelsbergiteParasymplesitePargasitePectolitePetedunnite -1987PharmacosideritePhlogopitePicropharmacolitePimelitePowellitePrehnitePumpellyite-(Mg)PyritePyroauritePyrobelonite

Magnesium-chlorophoenicite-1924 PyrochroiteMagnetiteMagnussoniteMalachiteManganaxiniteManganberzeliiteManganese-hoernesiteManganhumiteManganiteManganositeManganpyrosmalite -1953MarcasiteMargariteMargarosanite -1916Marsturite -1978McallisteriteMcgovernite -1927MeioniteMelanterite *MetalodeviteMetazeuneriteMicroclineMimetiteMinehillite -1984MolybdeniteMonohydrocalciteMooreite -1929MuscoviteNasonite -1899NatroliteThe Picking Table, Spring 1989

PyrophanitePyroxmangitePyrrhotiteQuartzRammelsbergiteRealgarRetzian-(La) 1984Retzian-(Nd) -1982RhodochrositeRhodoniteRichteriteRiebeckiteRoeblingite -1897RomeiteRosasite *Roweite -1937RutileSaffloriteSarkiniteSauconiteSchallerite -1925ScheeliteSchorlSclarite -1989ScoroditeSeligmanniteSepioliteSerpieriteSiderite

SillimaniteSilverSjogreniteSkutteruditeSmithsoniteSonoliteSpessartineSphaleriteSpinelStarkeyiteSterlinghillite -1981StilbiteStilpnomelaneStilpnomelane (Mn-dominant)StrontianiteSulfurSussexite -1868SvabiteSynadelphiteTalcTennantiteTephroite -1823ThomsoniteThorite *ThortveititeTilasiteTiroditeTitaniteTodorokiteTorreyite -1929TremoliteTurneaureite -1985UraniniteUranophaneUranospiniteUviteVesuvianiteVillyaelleniteWallkilldellite -1983Wendwilsonite -1987Willemite -1824WollastoniteWoodruffite -1953WulfeniteWurtziteXonotliteYeatmanite -1938YukoniteZinalsite -1958Zincite -1810ZinkeniteZircon

TOTALS;Confirmed species— 330Species requiring

further confirmation— 4Species first

described from area— 66Species unique to area— 34

13


www.FOMSNJ.org

In MemoriaSUNNY COOK (1899-1985)

Ethel Maxine Packard was born in Brooklyn,New York City on January 15, 1899. At theage of six months her family moved to UpperMontclair, New Jersey. She lived there untilher tenth birthday, at which time the familyestablished a large chicken farm in Hammonton,New Jersey. Known as "Sunny", she lived thereuntil October 20, 1923 when she was marriedto Charles C. Cook, a marriage that lasted twen-ty-five years. There were two daughters, Phyllisand Natalie, and a son, Carlton. During hermarried years, Sunny was especially interestedin writing short stories, a successful occupationinitiated by her winning first prize in a world-wide Camp Fire Girls' short story contest. In1948 she moved to California to get a divorceand make a home for her son Carlton, who wasworking on getting his Master's degree.

While in California, Sunny was introduced byfriends to lapidary and jewelry work, and ata gem show saw fluorescent Franklin mineralsfor the first time. Despite the years of resi-dence in New Jersey she had not heard ofFranklin. Returning to the east coast in 1951she was eager to start a collection. Her cousin,Alden Perry Armagnac, an editor for PopularScience magazine, accompanied her on her expe-ditions to Franklin and the two of them becamea familiar sight visiting mineral sources. Hewas reserved and distinguished, with an ever-present camera, and she full of energy, smokinglike a chimney and radiating enthusiasm.

At an Eastern Federation show in Washington,Sunny met Tom Warren for the first time, helpedhim with his displays and impressed him withher knowledge to the point where he invitedher to come out and identify Franklin mineralsfor his concern, Ultra Violet Products, Inc. Shewas there for three years. She described thework as pure delight. To be near Franklin, Sunnytook a job as assistant house-director at BlairAcademy, a boy's preparatory school atBlairstown, New Jersey.

Sunny's collection was two-fold: a large numberof cabinet specimens, well shaped and clean,and strong in the spectacular fluorescent speci-mens as well, largely Franklin but not exclusively

so; and an assemblage of smaller specimens se-lected to illustrate Palache's Professional Paper180, each a choice example, and which she tookwith her when she retired from Blair. The re-mainder she donated to the Franklin-OgdensburgMineralogical Society in trust for the FranklinMineral Museum where the greater part of ithas been on display since the opening in 1965,one of the two collections that got the museumoff to a good start. Hauling Sunny's collectionin boxes of all sizes through the corridors andstairwells of the school was a memorable experi-ence.

Following her retirement from the school, Sunnymoved to a farm at Barre, Massachusetts ownedby her daughter, Phyllis, where she had her ownquarters and could garden as she wished andentertain family members and occasional visitorsfrom the old days. Her eyesight was not great,but she kept up her correspondence as long asshe was able and continued smoking her twopacks a day of unfiltered Luckies or Camels.Her special collection of Palache specimensshe ultimately gave to Dick Bostwick. She firstmet Dick during his senior year (1960-61) atBlair Academy and they remained close friendsfrom then on. Later in their careers, they bothworked for Tom Warren at Ultra Violet Products.

Ultimately, Sunny Cook, mother of three, be-came grandmother of fourteen and great-grand-mother (at this writing) of seventeen. The im-pact on collectors through her gift to theFranklin Mineral Museum is yet spreading amongyounger generations. She went to her rewardon October 29, 1985.

Jack Baum (11/12/88)

It is to Sunny Cook that I owe my awarenessof and interest in fluorescent and Franklin min-erals, and much of my effort in documenting,collecting, and promoting them is a continuationof her work. She was the first "grown-up" (beingone month younger than my father) with whomI had a lasting friendship — we were able todiscuss virtually anything except politics (shewas an Eisenhower/Nixon Republican and I wasnot), and my correspondence with and visitsto her were a source of pleasure and encourage-ment for 25 years. The 44 years' difference



www.FOMSNJ.org

in age never was a barrier to this friendship,but the ageless quality of her mind and her un-quenchable enthusiasm would have bridged muchwider gaps.

Dick Bostwick (11/25/88)

HENRY MORTON ALTHOEN (1899-1988)

Henry Morton Althoen was born March 15, 1899in Waterbury, Connecticut. His father's parentscame from Germany and his mother's parents,the Mortons, were Southerners. Henry wasknown as Morton to his relatives because hisfather was Henry also. At the age of ten,Henry's family moved to New Jersey, and whenhe was thirteen they moved into the home inDunellen, N.J. (the same home in which his daysended on September 9, 1988). He attended thelocal school through high school and then wentto work, ultimately being with A.T.& T. for 46years. During that time he took courses in elec-tronics and communications in colleges conven-ient to his work, such as at Milwaukee and theUniversity of Illinois. He retired at age 65 butsuch was the demand for his special talents inestablishing communication systems for businessand industry that he was invited to return towork as consultant. This work took him at vari-ous times for extended periods to Washingtonstate, California, Florida, and to Rochester,N.Y. Henry Althoen was married three times.There were three children, the first, a daughterby his first wife who died in childbirth, and ason and daughter by his second wife. His lastwife, Betsy, of Swiss descent, maintained hishome in Dunellen to which they returned in duetime, and stayed home while they pursued hissecond career following retirement. She is aremarkable woman and a delight to know. Shehas given Henry's Franklin mineral collectionto the Franklin Mineral Museum.

Henry Althoen became interested in mineralsabout the time the Plainfield, N.J. mineral clubwas founded and apparently was an early mem-ber. He was especially interested in organiza-tion, and those who worked with him soon foundthemselves with assignments. His collectionwas well catalogued and labelled, the smallerspecimens each in a clear plastic box on styro-foam, and the origin of each clearly given. Muchof the material on display was purchased, andmany old collections represented. The FranklinMineral Museum is indebted to Betsy Althoenfor this generous gesture. Henry went on fieldtrips to other mineral localities and visited fossil

localities as well. He was possibly as interestedin the people he met as he was in collecting.Joining the New Jersey Audubon Society he be-came ultimately its President, during whichtime he attempted to instill in the membersan interest in mineralogy, to the extent ofplacing a Franklin mineral collector on the Boardof Trustees. The annual meetings and bird out-ings at Cape May and Atlantic City were a seniorcitizens' delight with good food, innocuous lec-tures and boat trips close to shore.

Henry Althoen was a member also of a businessmens' luncheon club called the Old Guard inwhich he took much pleasure. They all seemedto be long retired, and it was they who conductedthe final ceremonies. Henry was a kind andgenerous friend to all he met and Franklin miner-alogy was, like all his interests, well served.

Jack Baum (11/17/88)

44An educational, non-profit organization

CRYSTAL MAGIC"17th Annual Gem,

Mineral & Jewelry ShowSponsored by: NEU JERSEY EARTH SCIENCE ASSOCIATION

APRIL 2 2 * 2 3 , 1989

SATURDAYl iQO am -b:QD pm

SUNDAY10:00 am5:00 pm

REC CENTER

WILLIAM PATERSON COLLEGE300 Pompton Road, Wayne, N.J.

ADULTS: $3.50 CHILDREN: $1.00

Grand Show Prize Hourly Door PrizesSaturday Eve Banquet

Show Information:Mrs. Mary Guinter, Show Chairman Mrs. Dorothy Stripp,

69 Mills Street, 351 Beech Spring Road,Momstown, N] 07960 South Orange, N] 07079

Phone: 201-539-5116 evenings Phone: 201-762-9358

NJESA DISCOUNT TICKET 1989ADULTS: $3.00 with this coupon

(limit 2 persons per coupon)

The Picking Table, Spring 1989 15


www.FOMSNJ.org

Mineral NotesResearch ReportsGanophyllite"A re-examination of the structure of ganophyl-lite" is the title of an article which appearedin Mineralogical Magazine, (1986) Vol. 50, pp307-315. The authors are Richard A. Eggleton,Geology Department, Australian National Uni-versity, Canberra, ACT, Australia, and StephenGuggenheim, Dept. of Geological Sciences, Uni-versity of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680. Theauthors' abstract of the article follows.

The superstructure of ganophyllite has beenanalyzed using subcell single crystal X-ray dataand electron-optical observations. The full cell(super-cell), space group A2/a, a=16.6, b=26.6,c=50A, 3=94°, has the approximate formula (K,Na,Ca)6

+7-5(Mg,Fe,Mn)24[Si32.5Al70.3 mm) grainsshows that the exchangeable cations migrateparallel to X, the crystallographic directionfor the "interlayer" tunnels. Such exchangecapability supports the suggestion that the alkalielements are located in zeolite-like sites at-tached to the sides of the tunnels. Exchangeexperiments show that complete sodium substi-tution for potassium is possible also. Eggleton-ite, the Na analogue of ganophyllite, is shownto have an identical superlattice to ganophyllite,indicating that eggletonite differs from gano-phyllite only by the exchangeable cation.

[Editor's Note: Points of specific interest, notincluded in the authors' abstract above, havebeen abstracted and appear below.]

Precession photographs of crystals of Franklin,NJ ganophyllite (H-82837), confirmed its identi-ty, its monoclinic subcell, and its supercell di-mension along X. More complete characteri-zation was prevented by crystal twinning.

For use in the cation exchange experiments,the Franklin ganophyllite had to be crushed intofragments measuring about 0.3 mm. Fragmentsthis size slow the exchange but permit the crys-tallographic direction of cation movement tobe determined by X-ray or microprobe analysis.For the first set of experiments, fragments wereplaced in a 0.1 N solution of CsCl. Sampleswere taken after one, 17, and 50 days, respec-tively. During the first 17 days, the solutionwas agitated constantly. Ganophyllite fragmentsretrieved from the solution were washed repeat-edly in distilled water and acetone and thenmounted and sectioned for chemical analysis.The second set of experiments had the Franklinganophyllite fragments placed in a 1 N solutionof NaCl, the solution agitated constantly, andfragments retrieved at one week intervals.



www.FOMSNJ.org

The electron diffraction data suggest that thealkali elements are not imperative for develop-ment of the superstructure, and thus, raisedoubts about the validity of the Kato (1980)subcell model for ganophyllite. A Cs distributionmap of a partially exchanged grain (fragment)was in good agreement with the predicteddirection of cation migration. By contrast,cations should not be readily exchangeable inKato's model due to the high residual negativecharge associated with the O(5) oxygen(s)coordinating to the alkali site.

The second experiment results indicate thatsodium exchange was rapid and nearly complete(even for large grains). Na exchanged for Kwas consistent with a 1:1 replacement. Calciumcontent did not appear affected by the exchangereaction, which may be related to differencesin cation charge, size, or state of hydration.The authors suggest that the charge associatedwith total alkali content may be related toaluminium content in ganophyllite; however,such a conclusion is tentative without furtherdata.* * * * * * * * * * *

Bustamite & RhodoniteAn article entitled "Lattice expansion and ionicsubstitution in common pyroxenoids" appearedin Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.,Vol.9 4 (1986),pp238-244. The authors are KrishnamoorthyViswanathan and Otto Hameit, MineralogischesInstitut der Technischen Universitat, Gaugstrage28 29. D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republicof Germany. The following is the authors' ab-stract of that article.

A study of the behavior of the lattice constantsof common pyroxenoids and pyroxenes, especiallybustamites and rhodonites, reveals that calciumcauses the lattices of pyroxenes and rhodonitesto expand more anisotropically than those ofbustamites or wollastonites. Thus, the chainsilicates are characterized by two differenttypes of expansion. In the second part of thepaper an attempt is made to correlate thechemical compositions and unit cell parametersof bustamites and rhodonites using the data of14 bustamites and 33 rhodonites, most of whichwere investigated in this work. In the case ofbustamites, the chemical composition can bedetermined using the lattice parameters, g, andd]LQ0. In the case of rhodonites, the amountof calcium can be determined very accurately,and that of magnesium can be estimated to anaccuracy of 3-4 mole-96.

[Editors Note: Although Franklin and Sterling

Hill are not referred to in this article, someof the material studied is from that area. Withinthe article three items of interest are: 1) Quoteof P.J. Dunn's opinion (pers.comm.) that Mg-richnatural bustamites with more than 1.5 wt% MgOare very rare. 2) Quote of P.J. Dunn's commentthat considerable amounts of zinc (about 8%ZnSiO-j) are likely to be present in bustamite,if it occurs in a zinc-rich environment as indi-cated by the presence of minerals such as wille-mite. 3) Some rhodonites associated with zinc-containing minerals show appreciable amountsof ZnSiO3 (up to 8-10 Mole-%). Such rhodonitespossess large values for Q-angle (>103.6°) andcan, therefore, be distinguished. Although cal-cium content can be determined using digg inFig. 5, the amounts of other elements (Zn, Mg,Fe, and Mn) cannot be determined.]* * * * * * * * * * *

NasoniteRecently an article appeared in Acta Cryst. B43(1987) pp 171-174, entitled "Detection of non-hexagonal symmetry in an apatite-structure-re-lated mineral (nasonite)." The authors are: E.F.Bres and J.-C. Voegel, Unite de RechercheINSERM U157, UFR d'Odontologie, 1 place deI'Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; W.G.Waddington and J.L. Hutchison, Department ofEarth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford,OX1 3PR, UK; S. Cohen and I. Mayer, Depart-ment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, theHebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, 91 904, Jerusalem,Israel. The following is the authors' abstractof that article.

An analysis of nasonite by high-resolution elec-tron microscopy (HREM) has shown: (a) a lossof the twofold screw axis in the structure, and(b) a deviation from hexagonal symmetry. Theseresults have been checked with a series of com-puter calculations which show the absence ofartefacts in the imaging process. An X-raystructure determination of the same specimenhas been carried out resulting in space groupP6^/m which is in contradiction with the HREMfindings. It is suggested that the differencesin results between the HREM and the X-ray dif-fraction techniques arise from the presence ofphase microdomains inside the original crystal,although no crystal domain showing a hexagonalstructure was observed using HREM.

ChalcophaniteAn article entitled "Some observations on thechemical composition of chalcophanite" appearedin Mineralogical Magazine (1985) Vol.49, pp 752-757. The author is J. Ostwald, The Broken Hill



www.FOMSNJ.org

Proprietary Company, Ltd., Central ResearchLaboratories, Shortland, NSW, Australia. Thefollowing is an abstract of that article.

Introduction. Chalcophanite, a manganese oxidelayer-lattice mineral, is somewhat common inthe weathering zones of Mn-containing basemetal deposits. The type material (SterlingHill, NJ) contains appreciable amounts of Zn(Moore, 1875). Palache et aZ.(1944) suggestedthe formula (Zn,Mn,Fe)Mn2O5-2H2O, assumingMn2+ substitutes for Zn about Mn:Zn = 1 : 3 andFe2+ substitutes for Zn to about Fe:Zn = 2:3.Wadsley's study (1955) of Sterling Hill chalco-phanite, containing divalent Mn, indicated ageneral formula

(Zn,Mn2+)1+x(Mn3_x4+Mnx

2+)07-3H20with x ranging from 0 to 0.25. Wadsley foundthe cell structure was composed of layers ofedge-shared (Mn4+Og) octahedra and singlesheets of water molecules between which Zn2+

ions were situated.

Chalcophanite is triclinic, space group P I,a0=7.54, £>0=7.54, and c0=8.22A, a=90°, 8=117.2°,Y=120°, and Z=2.

Greater chemical variation occurred in laterstudies. Thus, there is abundant evidence thatChalcophanite is more complex than is suggestedby the formula in Fleischer (1983). The purposeof the article is to point out the need for a re-vised formula. Electron probe microanalysesdo not allow valence state determinations northose for water or hydroxyl. Hence, the authorsmake no attempt to present a new formula.

Specimen locations. Eight specimens, of 30studied, were from Sterling Hill, NJ. Five otherlocalities were included in the study. Theseinclude: Groote Eylandt; Norseman, WesternAustralia; Buchan, Victoria, Australia; Kambaldaarea, Western Australia; and Lake Macquarie,New South Wales.

Results. Samples were examined by XRD andby FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectro-scopy). The FTIR spectrum of Chalcophanitewas very characteristic, having 4 sharp absorp-tion peaks in the region 400-500cm~1, and OHpeaks at 1620 crrr1 and at 3300-3400 cnrr1

(Potter & Rossman, 1979). A constancy in theIR spectrum, irrespective of quite gross changesin chemical composition, was demonstrated bythe data.

Discussion. The EPMA of Chalcophanite (SeeTable 1 for Sterling Hill data only) suggest that

certain aspects of Chalcophanite mineralogyneed further consideration. The analyses, car-ried out on areas of optically homogeneous Chal-cophanite, often show amounts of Al and/orSi. Also, the Chalcophanite crystals were oftenassociated with clays and quartz. Examinationof powder from polished sections by transmissionelectron microscopy and semi-qualitative analy-sis using an X-ray energy dispersive spectrome-ter were performed on Norseman, West AustraliaChalcophanite. The results indicate that theAl and Si are probably not clay or quartz con-taminants. The analyses also cast doubt onchemical variations in the mineral being theresult of isomorphous substitution (Frenzel,1980).If Al and Si are actually constituents of Chalco-phanite, even at low concentrations, it is diffi-cult to see how these elements could be isomor-phous replacements of Mn4+, Mn2+, or Zn2+

in the layer-lattice and in relation to minimumlevels of non-manganese elements in the man-ganese oxide structure. One explanation of theabove is that Chalcophanite may not be a singlestructure mineral but a hybrid composed of ir-regular mixed layers of a well-defined tetra-valent manganese oxide layer lattice with 7.1A basal reflection, and one or more series of'islands' of other structures. Ostwald (1981)concluded that Chalcophanite may result fromthe topotactic metasomatism of kaolinite bymanganese ions. Incomplete replacement couldcreate relicts of Al-Si lattice coherently inter-grown with host manganese oxides. Such a relictwould not be gangue inclusions but actual com-ponents of a hybrid mineral. The constant X-raydiffraction and IR characteristics, accompanyingthe variable chemistry, for Chalcophanite areexplained by the existence of such a hybridstructure. High resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM) and select area electrondiffraction (SAED) studies may provide furtherelucidation.

Table 1. Electron Probe Microanalysesof Sterling Hill Chalcophanite (Wt.%)

MnO2 Low 62.3,High 65.3; NiO nd(8)*;

ZnO Low 20.1,High 22.1; Fe2O3 nd(3),High 0.3;

CuO nd(6),High 0.2; CoO nd(7),High 0.2;

CaO nd(5),High 0.3; MgO nd(6),High 0.5;

K2O nd(6),High 0.3; BaO nd(7),High 0.3;

A12O3 nd(7),High 0.3; SiO2 nd(6),High 0.4;

H2O (by Difference) Low 12.4,High 17.2*nd=none detected; ( )=specimens yielding nd



www.FOMSNJ.org

from the Editor's DeskOmer S. Dean

10 Bumble Bee LaneNorwalk, CT 06851

Steve Sanford UpdateSteve Sanford, Manager of the Franklin MineralMuseum, suffered a stroke in late November.His condition has improved considerably andhe has been moved to a rehabilitation centerin Wilkes-Barre. He very much enjoys receivingcards and letters. Please remember, however,that his condition prevents him from replyingto your correspondence. His address is:

Stephen SanfordHCR 20-4,Greeley, PA 18425

FOMS Mineral Photography ContestThe black and white mineral photograph contestannounced in the last issue has been cancelledbecause of lack of interest. There was a singleentry as of the deadline.

30th Anniversary IssueBoth issues of The Picking Table in 1989 willcelebrate the 30th year of the F.O.M.S. TheFall issue may feature some color on the coverif all goes well.

Helpful Visual-I.D. HintVisual differentiation of marsturite from johann-senite may present a problem to collectors whenthese minerals are found associated with rhodon-ite. The fibrosity of johannsenite when it occurswith altering rhodonite is the primary discrimin-ate factor. However, marsturite-rhodonite in-tergrowths, almost always have a common lus-trous surface shared by both species. Also, themarsturite-rhodonite intergrowths are usuallyassociated with ganophyllite and light-greenish,prismatic willemite. These associated mineralsare rarely, if ever, present on specimens whererhodonite is altering to johannsenite.

Letter to the EditorThe article entitled "Disposal of the StantonCollection", which appeared in the last issue,elicited comments from several sources. Mostexpressed delight in this historical tidbit. Aletter received from one member, however,expresses satisfaction for an entirely differentreason. The letter follows in its entirety:

Letter to the editor:August 29, 1988

I found the correspondence between Mr. Jenkinsand Professor Palache concerning the Stantoncollection to be very interesting, more so forthe context than the content.

The correspondence demonstrated several advan-tages held by Dr. Palache. First, he could geta letter to or from Franklin by U.S. mail in 2days. More important, though, is the courteoustimeliness of such correspondence, and theprompt attention to it; this matter generatedfour exchanges (eight letters) in 24 days. Dr.Palache "was indeed fortunate in that respect.

Sincerely,/signed/Pete J. Dunn

Farewell to the Lime Crest Open HouseEd Wilk, FOMS Field Trip Committee Chairman,received a letter from the Vice President andDirector of Operations for Limestone ProductsCorporation. The complete text of that letterfollows:

September 23, 1988Dear Mr. Wilk:

The Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Societyhas sponsored Open Houses at LimestoneProducts for many years. Unfortunately, thiscan no longer continue.

Your group has always conducted its programsin a very complimentary "way, so please don'tthink that this reflects badly on the Society.We have simply determined that the potentialliabilities associated with allowing the publicinto our facilities have become too great.

I would suggest you contact people who mighthave attended the October Open House and tellthem it will not be held.

I am sure you can appreciate our situation. Thedecision was difficult because we have had a



www.FOMSNJ.org

good relationship with the Society over theyears.

Thank you for your understanding. Best wishesfor a prosperous year in your Society.

Sincerely,LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION

/signed/ Gordon A. Brandon, Jr.

Spotlight on F.O.M.S. MembersJohn C. Ebner, Manasquan, NJ took first placein the photomicrography slide contest at theTucson Show in February, 1988. Marcelle Weber,Guilford, CT has succeeded Peter Modreski,Littleton, CO (both are F.O.M.S. members) asthe President of Friends of Mineralogy. StevenC. Misiur, Linden, NJ, both an F.O.M.S. trusteeand our Assistant Treasurer, has been re-electedPresident of the New Jersey Earth ScienceAssociation. Congratulations to all!

In Memoria NotesElsewhere in this issue are tributes to SunnyCook and to Henry Althoen. Some of the mem-bership may not be aware of the service toF.O.M.S. by these fine individuals. The followingoutline of their contributions in time and effortto the Society was gleaned from old issues ofthe Picking Table. This outline may be incom-plete because the PT did not provide such infor-mation in its earliest issues.

Sunny Cook served F.O.M.S. as a Trustee in 1962.She was Co-chairman (with Perry Armagnac)of the Historical Committee from 1963 through1965.

Henry Althoen served F.O.M.S. in many capaci-ties. He was Secretary, 1963-66; Field TripChairman, 1964-65; Vice President, 1970-71;President, 1972-73; Trustee, 1974; Chairman,Historical Committee, 1970-71; Chairman, Mem-bership Committee, 1974; Publicity Chairman,1970-71; and Chairman, Mineral Sales, 1970-71.

SclariteA mineral new to science, "sclarite", was an-nounced last fall. Sclarite is a zinc carbonatehydroxide related to loseyite. This new Franklinmineral species has been found on a single speci-men and has been named in honor of Dr. CharlesB. Sclar, Department of Geological Sciences,Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA. The mineraldescription has not appeared in the literatureas yet. A future issue of The Picking Table willprovide more detail.

Reference for Palmer Shaft Headframe TracingBack in May, 1987, I received the tracing shownon page 11 of this issue. The tracing is the workof Steven C. Misiur. The drawing appeared onpage 747 in the middle of an article writtenby C.M. Haight and B.F. Tillson. The articlewas entitled "Zinc Mining at Franklin, N.J.",and appeared in Am. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans.,(1917) 57, pp720-825.

Some Sad AnnouncementsThe following is a list of deaths of FOMS mem-bers and/or noteworthy persons in the mineralcollector community.Florence Hansen in January, 1988. She was anFOMS member and served in the past as managerof the Franklin Mineral Museum and as directorof the NJ Zinc Co. Clubhouse. She was age 95.Jenny Areson, widow of Lee Areson, passed awaythis past fall. She was an FOMS member oflong standing and served as Chairperson of theWelcoming Committee from 1970 through 1974.Curt Segeler, chemical engineer and amateurmineralogist, friend to mineral collectors aroundthe world, passed away on Sunday, Jan. 22, 1989,eight days following his 88th birthday.

HISTORIC SCENES

(Above) The Parker Shaft head frame, Franklin,NJ (1908). Ralph W. Waters photograph.



www.FOMSNJ.org

HBHHHHHI^H^IHHIBl

On the left are two more classic photographsby Ralph W. Waters. (Top Left) Locomotive leav-ing the Franklin Mine, Franklin, NJ (1933). (Bot-tom Left) Palmer-Franklin hoist, crusher, andtower dryer, Franklin, NJ (undated). (Above)The Taylor Mine aerial cable system for hoistingand carrying buckets of waste rock to a dump,Franklin, NJ (1906). The tower stood over 100'high. (Photographer unrecorded). The photo-graphs on this and the preceding page are fromthe archives of the Franklin Mineral Museum.

MineralogicalRecora

the bimonthly journal for mineral collectors

MineralogicaJ Record cost$30/year,$58/2 years,P.O. Box 35565 Tucson, Arizona 85740



www.FOMSNJ.org

A FRANKLIN FAKE

Dr. Pete J. DunnDepartment of Mineral Sciences

Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, D.C. 20560

A specimen in the Canfield Collection, heldsince 1927 by the Smithsonian Institution (U.S.National Museum) consisted of colorless, hex-agonal, prismatic crystals on an apparent blackmatrix, and was labelled "Willemite - Franklin,N.J." Willemite, with identity based on greenfluorescence, appeared to be present in smallisolated patches, but the prismatic crystals fluo-resced in longwave with a light yellow color,and in shortwave with a pinkish orange color.Also present was a brown-coated, light yellow,tabular mineral.

Detailed investigation showed the nearly blackcoating of the matrix to be goethite (uncommonas such locally) and further studies showed theprismatic crystals to be pyromorphite (also un-common locally). The brown-coated crystalswere found to be drugmanite, a lead ferric-ironphosphate mineral. Because secondary phos-phates are unknown from Franklin, the"willemite" was investigated carefully. It wasfound to be mixed with glue and underlie shardsof pyromorphite; the few visible, brightly-fluo-rescing patches were in spots where previously-attached pyromorphite shards had come off.

This specimen is a sophisticated fake; aside fromthe willemite mixed with glue under a few shardsof pyromorphite, and the misattributed locality,it is a fully legitimate specimen, fine and richin crystals, and would not arouse the suspicionsof many collectors.

It is ironic and tragic in a few ways. Drugmaniteis abundant on this specimen, but because thelocality was faked, presumably to facilitateits sale to a New Jersey collector, and becausewe cannot match it with known pyromorphitespecimens, this is now a legitimate specimenof drugmanite, from an unknown locality. Be-cause it was faked prior to 1927, this meansthat drugmanite possibly could have been de-scribed much earlier than 1979, when it wasfound in Belgium. For additional informationon Franklin fakes, see the Mineralogical Record,12, 194 and 197 (1981).

Editor's Note: Within a month of receiving theforegoing article, a communication was receivedfrom Dr. Pete J. Dunn. The text of that August9, 1988 communication is shown below.

The magnificent Balls Hill zircon specimen,figured by Palache (1935; Plate 16 followingpage 98) has been recently examined by me. Itis a spectacular specimen; it is also a spectacularfake. The specimen is a composite, containingseveral kinds of zircon, much granular matrix,and much more glue. So dies a legend. Simul-taneously, the art of Franklin fraud is all thebetter illustrated.

WULFENITEFred J. ParkerP.O. Box 1355

Columbia, Maryland 21044

Wulfenite (PbMoC^) is confirmed from the Mineat Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, New Jersey. Themineral occurs as small (to 1mm) yellow inter-grown plates directly associated with corroded,granular to cleavage, gray galena. Translucentmassive green fluorite, which shows a vivid bluefluorescence under longwave ultraviolet radi-ation, is also present along with shiny franklinitecrystals and a pale pink botryoidal carbonate.The entire assemblage is implanted upon a granu-lar red willemite-franklinite ore with no calciteevident.

It was thought initially that the mineral mightbe wulfenite due to its color and crystal mor-phology. Positive identification was made byX-ray diffraction. The XRD pattern consistedof sharp peaks which exactly matched JCPDSStandard #8-475, synthetic wulfenite. EDAXanalyses were also performed, but they wereless definitive due to peak overlap. However,all the data obtained was consistent for wulfen-ite. Consequently, the mineral wulfenite shouldbe added to the list of confirmed species fromthe Mine at Sterling Hill.

The initial wulfenite specimen was brought tothe attention of the author by Bruce E. Smithof Allentown, Pa. Several additional specimenshave reportly turned up subsequently. However,it appears that wulfenite from Franklin-Ogdensburg will be very rare.



www.FOMSNJ.org

JIM'S GEMS

MINERflLS, FOSSILS,JELUELRV, GIFTS,ULTRflUIOLETLflMPS

OPEN: TUESDAY - SUNDAY

1581 ROUTE 23, WAYNE, NJ 07470201-628-0277

FluorescentAineral 5ociefy

The Fluorescent Mineral Society is devoted to increasingthe knowledge of its members in the luminescence ofminerals with emphasis on fluorescence and phos-phorescence. The Society is international in itsmembership. It promotes increased knowledge in thisinteresting hobby with emphasis on collecting, displayingand understanding. To help all members, it publishes aninteresting bi-monthly newsletter called the UV WAVESand an annual, THE JOURNAL OF THE FLUORESCENTMINERAL SOCIETY. This stresses the scientific side ofthe hobby while the UV WAVES highlights the usualand ordinary applications of common interest to you.Membership information may be obtained by writing:

The Fluorescent Mineral SocietyP.O. Box 2694

Sepulveda, CA91343

GIRDAUSKAS MINERALS2 CLEVELAND DRIVE, POC1GHKEEPSIE, N.Y, 12601, O.S.A.

Offering: Micromounts to Cabinet SpecimensRare and Common SpeciesMineral Books and MagazinesEducational Sets (Including Fluorescents)FREE Monthly Listings

WANT LISTS WELCOME!

SERVING COLLECTORS WORLDWIDE: Private Collectors, Schools, Museums



www.FOMSNJ.org

THE SPRING ACTIVITY SCHEDULE - 1989

The FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, Inc.

The regular activities of the Society consist of lecture programs, field trips, andmicro-mineralogy study groups. The regular meetings of the Society are held on 'the third Saturday of March, April, May, June, September, October, and November.Unless otherwise specified, lecture programs will be followed by business meetings.The seasonal schedule below shows time and place in bold face for all activities.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

MARCH 18, 1989 (Saturday)

NOTICE:

Program #1:

Today's activities are at Hardyston Township School, Route 23, Franklin, NJ.No Field Trip or Micro-Group in March. Franklin Mineral Museum opens in April.

10:30 a.m.-12 noon "Synthesis observations - Mineral Research at Franklinand Sterling Hill" by Dr. Pete J. Dunn, Dept. of MineralSciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Program #2:

1:00-1:20 p.m.

1:30-3:30 p.m.

Business Meeting

Mineral Exchange Program — SWAP & SELL. Public invited.

APRIL 15, 1989 (Saturday)

NOTICE: All business meetings, lectures, and Micro-Group meetings will be held inKraissl Hall, Franklin Mineral Museum for the balance of the year.

Field Trip: 9 a.m.-noon

Micro-Group: 10 a.m.-noon

Program: 1:30 p.m.

MAY 20, 1989 (Saturday)


Micro-Group: 10 a.m.-noon.

Program: 1:30 p.m.

JUNE 17, 1989 (Saturday)


Micro-Group: 10 a.m.-noon

Program: 1:30 p.m.

Old Andover Iron Mine, Limecrest Road, Andover, NJ

Kraissl Hall,Franklin Mineral Museum, Franklin,NJ

"Formation of Sterling Hill on the Floor of a ProterozoicSea" by Dr. Craig A. Johnson, Dept.of Mineral Sciences,American Museum of Natural History, New York City.

Buckwheat Dump, Evans Street, Franklin, NJ.

Kraissl Hall, Franklin Mineral Museum, Franklin, NJ.

"Historical Notes on Franklin-Sterling Hill" by J.L. Baum,Curator, Franklin Mineral Museum.

Check with Franklin Mineral Museum for field trip location.

Kraissl Hall, Franklin Mineral Museum, Franklin, NJ.

"Franklin from the air" by Bernard T. Kozykowski,Past President, F.O.M.S.



www.FOMSNJ.org

The FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY. Inc.

The Officers, Trustees, Committee Chairmen, Editorial Board, etc. for 1989

PresidentOmer S. Dean

First Vice PresidentPhilip P. Betancourt

Second Vice PresidentChester S. Lemanski, Jr.

SecretaryMaureen E. Woods

TreasurerJohn Cianciulli

Assistant TreasurerSteven C. Misiur

Custodian (Slide Collection)Edward H. Wilk

Trustees (Listed alphabetically; term expiration date in parenthesis)

10 Bumble Bee Lane, Norwalk, CT 06851

410 Chester Avenue, Moorestown, NJ 08057

309 Massachusetts Road, Browns Mills, NJ 08015

R.D. #2, Box 440J, Branchville, NJ 07826

60 Alpine Road, Sussex, NJ 07461

309 Fernwood Terrace, Linden, NJ 07036

202 Boiling Springs Ave., East Rutherford, NJ 07073

John L. Baum (1990)Richard C. Bostwick (1989)Joseph Cilen (1989)Warren Cummings (1990)Neal K. Resch (1990)

Committee Chairmen & AssistantsAuditing—William J. TrostField Trip—Edward H. WilkAss't. Field Trip—Warren CummingsHistorical—John L. Baum

The Picking TableEditorial Board—John L. Baum, Richard C. Bostwick, and Omer S. Dean, Editor

Earle C. Sullivan (1989)William J. Trost (1990)Dave Wellbrock (1989)Edward H. Wilk (1990)

Identification—Bernard T. KozykowskiMineral Exchange—Richard C. BostwickNominating—William J. TrostProgram—Philip P. Betancourt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY

TITLE PRICE

PALACHE, Charles: The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County,New Jersey. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 180.Soft back edition, FOMS reprint 1974 $10.00

FRONDEL, Clifford and BAUM, John L.: Structure and Mineralogy of the FranklinZinc-Iron-Manganese Deposit, New Jersey. Economic Geology.Only photocopies are available $ 2.50

The Picking TableVol. 1, #1 through Vol. 23, #2 each issue $ 2.50Vol. 24, #1 through Vol. 29, #2 each issue $ 3.50Complete Set (Vol. 1, #1 through Vol. 29, #2) $80.00

The above prices to not include packaging and postage. Make your purchases at the meetings toavoid these added costs. If you order by mail, make checks payable to FOMS, and please addressyour order to either:

John Cianciulli, 60 Alpine Road, Sussex, NJ 07461 orSteven C. Misiur, 309 Fernwood Terrace, Linden, NJ 07036

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *F.O.M.S. MEMBERSHIP FEES; Individual —$10.00/year; Family — $15.00/year. Make checkspayable to FOMS and mail to John Cianciulli, FOMS Treasurer, 60 Alpine Road, Sussex, NJ 07461.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


www.FOMSNJ.org

FRANKLIN - OGDENSBURGMINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC.BOX 146 — FRANKLIN, NEW JERSEY 07416

f K)


www.FOMSNJ.org

www: FOMSNJ: org:

Date post:	05-Feb-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

THE FIRST OF TWO TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUESfomsnj.org/PDF/PickingTable/PT30-1.pdf · 2018. 6. 19. ·...

Documents