The First Two Years of the Civil WarChapter 18 section 2

Confederate and Union Strategy•Confederate President Jefferson Davis’s

plan was to defend the South from invasion.

•Union President Abraham Lincoln’s strategy involved a blockade of Southern seaports, which kept the South from trading cotton for war supplies.

Confederate UnionJefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln

Naming the Battle

•The North generally named the battles after the nearest river, stream, or creek. The South generally named the battle after the closest city, town, or village.

•Example- The First Battle of Bull Run (name by North) was named after Bull Run Creek. It is the same battle as The First Battle of Manassas. (named by the South). Same battle different names.

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas, V.A.)

The First Battle of Bull Run

•Lincoln also wanted to capture Richmond, the Confederate capital. Lincoln’s plan was to crush confederate forces at the town of Manassas and then moved on to Richmond. On July 21, 1861, the Union troops attacked and the Confederate line began to crumble.

The First Battle of Bull Run

•Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson and his brigade of Virginians stood firm when the Confederate line began to crumble. “There is Jackson, standing like a stone wall! Rally around the Virginians.” the bravery of Stonewall Jackson, as he was called from then on stopped the Union advance. The First Battle of Bull Run failed as the Union soldiers retreated in panic.

First Battle of Bull Run

Battle of the Ironclads

•At sea, there was a war brewing. Ironclad ships covered with iron plates and attached to a large iron beak to its prow to ram or sink the ships blockading the harbor. The Merrimac (Confederate) and The Monitor (Union) battled for hours on March 9, 1862, but neither side was able to claim victory.

IroncladsMonitor Merrimac

Battle of Ironclads

Battle of New Orleans

•Meanwhile, Union General David G. Farragut led a fleet up the Mississippi River. On April 29, 1862, New Orleans surrendered. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, fell a few weeks later.

Battle of New Orleans

Battle of Vicksburg

•The Union army was able to take Vicksburg (Mississippi) and control of the Mississippi. CSA General John Pemberton surrendered on July 4, 1863. Union General Ulysses S. Grant captured 31,600 soldiers, 172 cannons, 60,000 muskets and a large supply of ammunition.

Battle of Vicksburg

Generals at VicksburgUnion Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate John Pemberton

Second Battle of Bull Run

•Confederate General Robert E. Lee stopped the Union’s next advance on Richmond in the Second Battle of Bull Run. (Manassas, Virginia) August 29-30,1862

Second Battle of Bull Run

Battle of Antietam (Maryland)• The Battle of Antietam (Maryland) on September

17, 1862 ended with both sides having huge casualties. Lee’s failure to win a decisive victory at Antietam dashed confederate hopes of European aid. It was called the Battle of Sharpsburg by Confederates. It was the bloodiest single day battle in American history with about 23,000 casualties on both sides.

• Casualties-soldiers killed, wounded, captured, or missing

• In late 1862, the war was stalled. Neither side was winning.

Actual photographs of Antietam

Antietam

Antietam

Antietam

Lincoln at Antietam

Lincoln at Antietam