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The Fluid States
Bernoulli’s Principle
Kristen Reiterwater droplets. 28 Sept. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/58002001@N02/5333065857/>.
-Fluids in Motion-o Bernoulli’s Principle explains the effect motion has on a fluid’s pressure and velocity.
-Forces Within Liquids-
o Electromagneticforces in liquidsaffect the way fluidsact.
Diaz, Ryan. Tubular. 2 Feb. 2008. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/ryandiaz/2241131106/>.
Fluidsin
Motion
Seashore. 28 Oct. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.<http://www.flickr.com/photos/52445777@N06/
5134797287/>.
Bernoulli’s Principle
as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases (or vice versa)
higher velocity → lower pressure
narrower space → higher velocity
lower velocity,
higher pressure
higher velocity,
lower pressure
Net Work
Net work is the overall work being done.
(In this case, to move a fluid.)
Tapp, Philip. Nets. 30 Jan. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http: //www.flickr.com/ photos/philtapp/ 4315913808/>.
Streamlines
narrow flow → closer streamlines → greater velocity → lower pressure
Jumbled or unsmooth streamlines mean the fluid is turbulent and Bernoulli’s Principle does not apply.
o Represent the flow of fluid around objects.
Streamline. 3 July 2009. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/icajoleu/4114229446/>.
Forces Within Liquids
Rav Productions. Ocean Curl. 27 Jan. 2007. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ravpro/385243666/>.
Cohesive Forces
Particles that affect the behavior of liquids
Attract each other with electromagnetic force
Surface Tension
Surface of a liquid to contracts to the smallest possible area
On the surface particles are not attracted upwards
This creates a net downwards pressure
Also causes spherical droplets
Adhesion
Attractive force between different substances
Electromagnetic force
Capillary Action
Rise of liquid in a narrow glass tube
Because adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces
Evaporation
When fast moving particles break through the surface layers of a liquid
Only most energetic particles escape
Has a cooling effect
Volatile Liquids
Volatile liquids evaporate quickly
Have weak cohesive forces
More noticeable cooling effect
Condensation
Evaporated particles returning to liquid state
Cause by decrease in temperature or kinetic energy
Makes the air humid
Quick Review!
Bernoulli’s Principle means higher velocity = lower pressure Cohesive forces are forces that attract particles in a liquid to each other, and cause surface tension
Capillary action is when a liquid “climbs” a glass tube, a result of adhesion.
Quick Review!
Evaporation is when fast moving particles escape the surface of a liquid.
Volatile liquids evaporate quickly!
Condensation is when evaporated liquids cool down or lose energy and become liquid again.
Works Cited
Zitzewitz, Paul W. Physics Principles and Problems. 2002 ed. New York: Glencoe, 2002. Print.