The Founding of The Founding of GeorgiaGeorgia

The 13The 13thth and colony furthest south and colony furthest south

THOUGHT QUESTIONTHOUGHT QUESTION

WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES?CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE

PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?THEMSELVES?

PRISON REFORMPRISON REFORM

Unemployment severe in Unemployment severe in EnglandEngland

people owed money - people owed money - debtsdebts

Debtors put in prisonDebtors put in prisonhorrible prison conditionshorrible prison conditions

James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe

Founder of GeorgiaFounder of Georgia Elected to Parliament at Elected to Parliament at

2525 Wealthy philanthropistWealthy philanthropist Solve the problems of Solve the problems of

debtors in prisondebtors in prison Got permission from King Got permission from King

George II to make a George II to make a colony in America for colony in America for debtors to start a new life.debtors to start a new life.

Oglethorpe ReactsOglethorpe Reacts

James Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe wanted to help becausewanted to help becauseJO’s friend, Robert JO’s friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox Castell, died of smallpox in prisonin prison

King George II & CharterKing George II & Charter

Georgia CreatedGeorgia Created By a charter- By a charter- written written

permission from the permission from the King to settle landKing to settle land

Oglethorpe and John Oglethorpe and John Percival are given a charter Percival are given a charter to create to create Georgia named Georgia named after King George IIafter King George II

Colony: Colony: a settlement in a a settlement in a new land but still has ties to new land but still has ties to the home countrythe home country..

Charter signed June 20, Charter signed June 20, 17321732

Charter set up boundaries Charter set up boundaries &&

Limited power of officialsLimited power of officials

Charter continuedCharter continued Set up governmentSet up government Listed the rights of settlersListed the rights of settlers

Georgia’s three purposes Georgia’s three purposes

Charity – Get rid of poverty Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemploymentand unemployment

REASON # 2REASON # 2

Economics – Increase Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealthBritain's trade and wealthPlant Mulberry trees to Plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to make silk to send back to England to make fancy England to make fancy clothesclothes

REASON # 3REASON # 3

Defense – Buffer/protect Defense – Buffer/protect South Carolina from South Carolina from attack by Spanish in attack by Spanish in Florida.Florida.

Unofficial PurposeUnofficial Purpose

Religion – Home for Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted Protestants being persecuted in Englandin England

Catholics not allowed- WHYCatholics not allowed- WHY??

GeographyGeography

Georgia’s BoundariesGeorgia’s Boundaries Georgia is in between Georgia is in between the Altamaha and the Altamaha and Savannah River. Savannah River. Continues to the west Continues to the west coast (California).coast (California).

Boundaries:Boundaries: North:Savannah RNorth:Savannah R South: Altamaha RSouth: Altamaha R E: Atlantic OceanE: Atlantic Ocean W: Pacific OceanW: Pacific Ocean

CharterCharter

Georgia as a Georgia as a Trustee Trustee ColonyColony

Oglethorpe and Oglethorpe and 20 other British 20 other British gentlemen run gentlemen run the colony for the colony for 21 years (21 21 years (21 for 21)for 21)

..

CharterCharter

RULES RULES FOR THE FOR THE TRUSTEESTRUSTEES

Charter of 1732 Charter of 1732 made rules for made rules for trusteestrustees

1. not paid1. not paid2. could not 2. could not

own landown land3. could not 3. could not

hold public hold public officeoffice

””

HOW DID HOW DID OGLETHORPE PLAN OGLETHORPE PLAN ON KEEPING ON KEEPING GEORGIA A MODEL GEORGIA A MODEL SOCIETY?SOCIETY?

BAN ON SLAVERYBAN ON SLAVERY BANNED BANNED

LIQUOR/RUMLIQUOR/RUM LAWYERS NOT LAWYERS NOT

ALLOWEDALLOWED LIMITED WHO LIMITED WHO

COULD OWN LANDCOULD OWN LAND

Exit/Review QuestionsExit/Review Questions

1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia?Georgia?

2. What are the three reasons and the one 2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?

3. What is a buffer?3. What is a buffer? 4. What religious group could you not be apart 4. What religious group could you not be apart

of to live in Georgia?of to live in Georgia? 5. How far did the original western border of 5. How far did the original western border of

Georgia stretch to?Georgia stretch to?

WHO ACTUALLY CAME TO WHO ACTUALLY CAME TO THE COLONY OF GEORGIA?THE COLONY OF GEORGIA?

Who would Who would settle in settle in Georgia?Georgia?

35 families 35 families selectedselected

No debtors No debtors selectedselected

Farmers, Farmers, carpenters, tailors, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants bakers, merchants and trade peopleand trade people

Families received Families received free land, weapons, free land, weapons, tools and had to live tools and had to live under trustee rulesunder trustee rules

Colonist’s Rules:Colonist’s Rules:

1. restriction on land and inheritance (land 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men)belonged only to men)

2. No slavery2. No slavery 3. No rum and hard liquors3. No rum and hard liquors 4. Must defend the colony against all 4. Must defend the colony against all

enemies.enemies. 5. Obey all rules and regulations the 5. Obey all rules and regulations the

Trustees set up.Trustees set up.

When Colonists came to GeorgiaWhen Colonists came to Georgia

The First Colonists The First Colonists Sail to Georgia onSail to Georgia on

Nov 1732, Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail 114 settlers sail on the ship the on the ship the AnnAnn (almost (almost spelled Anne)spelled Anne)

February February 12,173312,1733 Colonists arrive Colonists arrive at Yamacraw at Yamacraw Bluff- and met Bluff- and met the the Yamacraw Yamacraw Indians Indians who who lived therelived there

MARY MUSGROVEMARY MUSGROVE

1 Of most important people in 1 Of most important people in Ga. History- served as translator Ga. History- served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & for Chief Tomochichi & OglethorpeOglethorpe

Georgia colony built near John Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post & Mary Musgrove’s trading post

TomochichiTomochichi

Georgia DayGeorgia Day

Chief of the Chief of the Yamacraw Yamacraw IndiansIndians

Welcomed Welcomed Oglethorpe Oglethorpe and Englishand English

Allowed Allowed them to build them to build town WHY?town WHY?

Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Oglethorpe to settle on

Yamacraw Bluff?Yamacraw Bluff?

READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods become dependent on English goods

and they had to travel to the South and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.closer for the Yamacraws to trade.

Exit QuestionsExit Questions

1. What is a trustee?1. What is a trustee? 2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?2. What kinds of people came to Georgia? 3. Did any debtors sent to the colonies?3. Did any debtors sent to the colonies? 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English

to settle?to settle? 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in

Georgia’s settlement?Georgia’s settlement?

Georgia’s First SettlementGeorgia’s First Settlement Georgia’s First Georgia’s First

settlementsettlement

Settlement named Settlement named Savannah after the Savannah after the river.river.

Laid out in a series of Laid out in a series of squaressquares

First planned city in First planned city in AmericaAmerica

Growing PainsGrowing Pains Colonists complain Colonists complain about trustee about trustee regulationsregulations

Disease and HardshipDisease and HardshipHeat and disease hurt the colonistsHeat and disease hurt the colonists

Caught dysentery from the Caught dysentery from the Savannah RiverSavannah River

The only Doctor died two months The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of after the colony started (April of 1733)1733)

first year, 25% of the colonists first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardshipsdied from the hardships

Recovery of the ColonyRecovery of the Colony dig a well, stopping the dysenterydig a well, stopping the dysenteryMore colonists arrive to replace More colonists arrive to replace

those that diedthose that died

• Very diverse: Germans, Italians, Very diverse: Germans, Italians, Swiss, and Jewish settlers By the Swiss, and Jewish settlers By the end of the first year, over 50 end of the first year, over 50 houses and public buildings had houses and public buildings had been builtbeen built

Jimmy Does it AgainJimmy Does it AgainJames OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe was an admired was an admired

member of the colonymember of the colony Lived in a tent until all other Lived in a tent until all other

colonists were provided housescolonists were provided houses Visited the sick colonistsVisited the sick colonists Worked hard in the fields with Worked hard in the fields with

the other peoplethe other people

Oglethorpe in the MiddleOglethorpe in the MiddleJames O was in a bindJames O was in a bind

When he enforced the rules, When he enforced the rules, colonists complainedcolonists complained

When he didn’t, the trustees When he didn’t, the trustees complainedcomplained

Had to play a balance game Had to play a balance game between the twobetween the two

Oglethorpe in the MiddleOglethorpe in the Middle

Colonists did not like that they Colonists did not like that they could not own lots of land or that could not own lots of land or that they could only pass the land to a they could only pass the land to a male heir when they died.male heir when they died.

The inheritance rules and the ban The inheritance rules and the ban on slavery were eventually on slavery were eventually repealed: Colonists rejoicedrepealed: Colonists rejoiced

Building FortsBuilding Forts Need a buffer from Need a buffer from France and SpainFrance and Spain

Build forts for Build forts for protection: Ft. protection: Ft. Frederica on St. Frederica on St. Simons IslandSimons Island

Spanish upset that Spanish upset that English are in English are in Georgia, may attackGeorgia, may attack

War with SpainWar with Spain

1739 Britain 1739 Britain declared war on declared war on SpainSpain

Spring of 1740 Spring of 1740 Oglethorpe leads Oglethorpe leads force to invade force to invade FloridaFlorida

Spanish were turned Spanish were turned backback

Oglethorpe promoted Oglethorpe promoted to generalto general

1743 Oglethorpe 1743 Oglethorpe returned to Englandreturned to England

Got married Got married Worked for Worked for

ParliamentParliament

Colony DeclinesColony Declines People begin to leave People begin to leave Georgia and go back Georgia and go back to England or other to England or other coloniescolonies

1750 slavery allowed1750 slavery allowed 1752 British 1752 British

government takes government takes over colonyover colony

Exit QuestionsExit Questions

1. What were the three rules the trustees 1. What were the three rules the trustees had for the colonists?had for the colonists?

2. Why did the trustees have such strict 2. Why did the trustees have such strict rules?rules?

3. What river was the was the first 3. What river was the was the first settlement of Georgia named after?settlement of Georgia named after?

4. What was allowed in 1750 that made 4. What was allowed in 1750 that made people want to stay in Georgia?people want to stay in Georgia?

Georgia Becomes a Georgia Becomes a Royal ColonyRoyal Colony

1752 GA becomes a 1752 GA becomes a royal colonyroyal colony

1754 Captain John 1754 Captain John Reynolds becomes Reynolds becomes Royal Governor: Royal Governor: king’s representative king’s representative and CEO of colonyand CEO of colony

Colony ProspersColony Prospers Headright systemHeadright system Each family given 100 Each family given 100

acresacres Extra 50 acres per Extra 50 acres per

family member, family member, indentured servant or indentured servant or slave.slave.

Pay for surveying and Pay for surveying and recordingrecording