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Four Humours
• Developed as medical "science" by the ancient Greeks
• The Four Humours in Renaissance and Elizabethan time had become standardised as follows:
Sanguine
• Body substance: blood • produced by: liver • Element: air • Qualities: hot and moist • Complexion and Body type: red-cheeked,
corpulent • Personality: amorous, happy, generous,
optimistic, irresponsible
Sanguine
• Planet: Jupiter• Astrological sign: Gemini, Libra,
Aquarius• Direction: South• Season: Spring• Phase of Life: Adolescence• When out of balance: Irresponsible,
gluttonous, inebriate, lusty
Choleric
• Body substance: yellow bile (includes gall and urine) as in "pissed off"
• produced by: spleen • Element: fire • Qualities: hot and dry • Complexion and Body type: red-haired,
thin • Personality: violent, vengeful, short-
tempered, ambitious
Choleric
• Planet: Mars• Astrological sign: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius• Direction: West• Season: Summer• Phase of Life: Adulthood• When out of balance: Violent, hot-
tempered, unscrupulous, vengeful
Phlegmatic
• Body substance: phlegm (snot, tears)• produced by: lungs • Element: water • Qualities: cold and moist • Complexion and Body type: corpulent • Personality: Sluggish, pallid, cowardly
Phlegmatic
• Planet: Moon• Astrological sign: Cancer, Scorpio,
Pisces• Direction: East• Season: Winter• Phase of Life: Childhood (also senility)• When out of balance: Lazy, vulnerable,
cowardly, excessively emotional
Melancholic
• Body substance: black bile (feces, clotted blood)
• produced by: gall bladder • Element: earth • Qualities: cold and dry • Complexion and Body type: sallow, thin • Personality: Introspective, sentimental,
gluttonous
Melancholic
• Planet: Saturn• Astrological sign: Taurus, Virgo,
Capricorn• Direction: North• Season: Autumn• Phase of Life: Old Age• When out of balance: Depressive,
narcissistic, self-loathing