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Mycology -the study of fungi
fungi - singular fungus - plural
1) fungi are eukaryotic•they have a nuclei
2) they are multicellular, except for Yeasts.3) they cannot move on their own
Main Characteristics of Fungi
4) most fungi have cell walls made of chitin… 5) fungi are not photosynthetic
Main Characteristics of Fungi
•most are saprophytes
•some are parasites
Saprophyte-feeds on dead/decaying organisms
they are heterotrophs (consumers)•they depend on other organisms for food
Parts of fungi:
Hyphae - network of thin thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus
• hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source (upon which the fungi is growing)
hypha - singularhyphae - plural
Parts of fungi:Mycelium - a mass of hyphae
mycelia - plural
•The mycelium is usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source
•A mycelium may fill a single ant, or cover many acres
What are we looking at when we see a… fungus?
The ‘living’ body of the fungus is a mycelium
The part of the fungus that we see is only the “fruit” of the organism
Reproduction• Fungi are classified by the structures on
which they produce spores• Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually
Giant Puff Ball Mushroom
Spore – a single cell that can produce a new organism
•Sporangia- structures found on the tips of hyphae that make spores
•EX: Bread Mold, Pilobolus
Fungi include these groups:
Mold (Sporangium Fungi)
Types of Fungi
Yeasts (Sac Fungi) -
produce spores in sac-like structures
yeasts, cup fungi, powdery mildews,
Types of Fungi
4) Imperfect – sporangium/mold, sac, and club fungi that can only reproduce asexually
•cause most fungal diseases in humansEX: ringworm, athletes foot, thrush
Fungi and the Environment
Harmful Fungi • Decompose the food human
would eat (competition for our food)
• Causes diseases in animals and plants
• Produce toxins (chemicals) that can kill organisms**
Helpful Fungi• Decomposers- return
nutrients to the soil for producers
• Human food: mushrooms, yeast for bread and brewing, cheese flavor (bleu)
• Medicines: antibiotics Penicillium and other drugs.
• Industry: ethanol production- gasoline substitute/additive
The Fungi Kingdom
•the structure of the fungi that you can see, is the part that carries out reproduction
•most fungi reproduce by using spores
Reproduction is classified according to:
•fungi spores are microscopic
EX: Mushrooms & puffballs release large clouds of spores. Each cloud contains millions of spores
Fungi Reproduction:
1) the way they form the spores
2) the shape of the structure in which spores are made
The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproduction of 4 types of
fungi:1) Mold – reproduce asexually & sexually
2) Sac fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproduction of 4 types of fungi
cont’d:3) Club fungi – reproduce asexually & sexually
4) Imperfect – can only reproduce asexually
How Do Fungi Get Around Not Being Tall Enough?
Fungi have a major problem:
Many fungi do not grow tall enough to clear the "boundary layer" of still air next to the ground so they…
1) Shoot their spores
2) Use animals, water or wind for dispersal
•Once spores are caught by something they can be carried long distances
The Fungi Kingdom
•Wind and water can carry pieces of hyphae to new places.
•If enough moisture and food is present, the spores/hyphae can grow into new fungi
•Fungi can also reproduce from pieces of hyphae.
Fungi Reproduction Cont’d:
The Fungi Kingdom1. Define the term mycology.
2. List the 4 main types of fungi and give an example of each.
3. List the 4 main characteristics of fungi.
4. Explain 2 reasons why fungi are different from plants.
5. Define hyphae. Explain what it does and where it is located.
6. Define mycelium. Explain what it does and where it’s located.
7. Which of the 4 types of fungi is bread mold?
The Fungi Kingdom
8. Define lichen. List 2 places that you can find them.
9. Which part of the fungi carries out reproduction?
10. List the two ways fungi reproduction is classified?
11. Which type of fungi causes most fungal diseases in humans?
12. List 3 types of human diseases caused by fungus.
13. What is the number one problem fungi have when they are reproducing?
14. List two ways a fungi can release spores