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The Futures Group InternationalThe Futures Group International
Research Triangle InstituteResearch Triangle Institute
The Centre for Development and Population The Centre for Development and Population ActivitiesActivities
with Funding from the U.S. Agency for with Funding from the U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentInternational DevelopmentPOL CYI
Reproductive HealthAnd
Human Rights
Outline of PresentationHuman rights documents support reproductive rightsGood human rights practices contribute to good RHHuman rights toolsChallenges for POLICY II
Key International Laws, Declarations and Consensus
Statements 1945 1948 1982 1994 1995
Uni
vers
al
Dec
lara
tion
of
Hum
an R
ight
s
Inte
rnat
ional
Con
fere
nce
on P
opula
tion
and
Dev
elop
men
tFo
urt
h W
orld
Con
fere
nce
on W
omen
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Cha
rter
Con
vention
for
the
Elim
inat
ion
of A
ll Fo
rms
of
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Agai
nst
Wom
en
Key International Laws, Declarations and Consensus
Statements 1945 1948 1982 1994 1995
Uni
vers
al
Dec
lara
tion
of
Hum
an R
ight
s
Inte
rnat
ional
Con
fere
nce
on P
opula
tion
and
Dev
elop
men
tFo
urt
h W
orld
Con
fere
nce
on W
omen
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Cha
rter
Con
vention
for
the
Elim
inat
ion
of A
ll Fo
rms
of
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Agai
nst
Wom
en
Key International Laws, Declarations and Consensus
Statements 1945 1948 1982 1994 1995
Uni
vers
al
Dec
lara
tion
of
Hum
an R
ight
s
Inte
rnat
ional
Con
fere
nce
on P
opula
tion
and
Dev
elop
men
tFo
urt
h W
orld
Con
fere
nce
on W
omen
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Cha
rter
Con
vention
for
the
Elim
inat
ion
of A
ll Fo
rms
of
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Agai
nst
Wom
en
Link Between Human Rights and Reproductive
Rights at ICPDReproductive rights reflect human rights that are already internationally recognized. These rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health.
It also includes their right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence as expressed in human rights documents.
Reproductive Rights
are
Human Rights
RESPECT
PROTECT
FULFILL
PROMOTE
RH Outcomes are Related to Adherence of
Human/Reproductive Rights Rape, gender-based violence, trafficking of women & girls
Unwanted pregnancy
Miscarriage
STI/HIV/AIDS
Infertility
Psychological trauma
Difficulty with intercourse, obstructed childbirth, infection, infertility, RH-related emotional distress
Female genital cutting, other harmful cultural practices
Care denied solely on HIV status
RH Outcomes are Related to Adherence
of Human/Reproductive Rights
New or current HIV+ client denied access to care
Inappropriate referrals to specialists
Serious RH and other health risks for client, partner and othersClient suffers further RH problems due to lack of timely care
Provider claims insufficient HIV treatment expertise
Husband’s consent necessary for women’s medical treatment
RH Outcomes are Related to Adherence of
Human/Reproductive Rights Woman’s lack of access to FP methods/services
Lack of access to emergency obstetric care
Men are unable to access services
Unwanted pregnancy
Death in childbirth
Poor reproductive heath for men and their partners STI/HIV/AIDS
Services focused entirely on women to the exclusion of men
No privacy in counseling area of RH clinic
RH Outcomes are Related to Adherence of
Human/Reproductive RightsClient unable or embarrassed to ask questions about methods or services
Non-use or incorrect use of methods or unnecessary discontinuation contributes to unwanted pregnancyMaternal/child morbidity or mortality
Health centers are not equipped to handle emergency obstetric care (i.e., trained providers, supplies, equipment)
Lack of access to emergency obstetric care
IPPF Rights of The Client
Information Access Choice Safety Privacy
Confidentiality Dignity Comfort Continuity Opinion
Governments Have the Duty to…
Respect rights – not requiring authorization by husbands or partners for women to obtain RH services
Protect rights – taking positive action against hospitals that perform FGC
Promote/fulfill rights – implementing programs for women who are at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS
Source: CEDAW General Recommendation on Women and Health
““Promoting women’s full and equal access to Promoting women’s full and equal access to and enjoyment of basic human rights (e.g., and enjoyment of basic human rights (e.g., education, adequate standard of living, equal education, adequate standard of living, equal employment opportunity, equal rights during employment opportunity, equal rights during and after marriage, access to necessary and after marriage, access to necessary medical care, and safety and security of medical care, and safety and security of person) is not only worthwhile but promotes person) is not only worthwhile but promotes women’s ability to protect themselves from women’s ability to protect themselves from disease.”disease.”
Gostin and Lazzarini, 1997Gostin and Lazzarini, 1997
Good Human Rights Practices Contribute to Good
Reproductive Health
“The most difficult issues of behavior or practices like rape, incest, female genital mutilation, the idea of female reproductive rights – all these concepts we would never have been able to discuss just a few years ago…. [This] is an indication of massive, massive change in thinking.” Nafis Sadik 2000
Tools for Respecting, Promoting and Protecting
Human Rights through Reproductive Health•Laws
•Policies
•Regulation
•Advocacy
•Documentation
•Reporting
Laws, Policies, Regulations
Laws, Policies, Regulations:International
Countries that ratified human rights treaties are required to report regularly
Laws, Policies, Regulations:
NationalNational laws, regulations, and policies reflect international human rights laws, conventions and declarations
Laws, Policies, Regulations:Operational
Service delivery policies/guidelines respect clients rights to access to quality information and services free from bias, discrimination and violence
Advocacy, Documentation, & Reporting
YOU can make a difference!!
P O L C YI
What Can POLICY Do to Improve Reproductive Health Using Human
Rights Tools?
AdvocacyParticipation TrainingResourcesResearch
Nationally:
POL CYI
Hold governments accountable for human/reproductive rights obligationsIdentify/document/report violationsAdvocate for changes in lawMake complaints to HR commissionsOffer direct legal servicesEnsure women access to courts
AdvocacyPOL CYI
Emphasize --Gender perspective Involve womenInclude menInclude young adults
ParticipationPOL CYI
Comprehensive Mandatory Gender-sensitive
Training for Health WorkersPOL CYI
Develop culture of respect - for human rights- for women’s rights
Create women’s access to justice Teach women's rights in law schools
Training for JudgesPOL CYI
Ensure that reproductive health care needs are equally represented with other health care needs in national budgets
ResourcesPOL CYI
Study the impact of human/ reproductive rights implementation on reproductive health outcomes
ResearchPOL CYI
What are the current human rights issues in your country related to reproductive health?
What types of human rights activities could POLICY do in your country to address these issues?
What are the constraints you face in implementing human rights activities?
What types of resources would you need to implement these activities?
Assessment Assessment QuestionsQuestions