The “Garden” in the ANEThe “Garden” in the ANE

CLAS 3305 CLAS 3305 Lec 18Lec 18

First the second story….Genesis 2First the second story….Genesis 2

7   7   And the LORD And the LORD God formed man of God formed man of the dust of the the dust of the ground, and ground, and breathed into his breathed into his nostrils the breath nostrils the breath of life; and man of life; and man became a living became a living soul.soul.

(Ghiberti bronze door panel (Ghiberti bronze door panel Florence)Florence)

First the story….Genesis 2First the story….Genesis 2

7 And the LORD God formed man of the 7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. a living soul.

MichaelangeloMichaelangeloSistine ChapelSistine Chapel

Genesis 2:8Genesis 2:8

And the LORD And the LORD God planted a God planted a garden garden eastward in eastward in Eden; and there Eden; and there he put the man he put the man whom he had whom he had formed. formed.

Genesis 2:9Genesis 2:9And out of the And out of the ground made the ground made the LORD God to grow LORD God to grow every tree that is every tree that is pleasant to the pleasant to the sight, and good for sight, and good for food; the tree of life food; the tree of life also in the midst of also in the midst of the garden, and the the garden, and the tree of knowledge tree of knowledge of good and evil. of good and evil.

Axis Mundi…tree of lifeAxis Mundi…tree of life(figs and fig leaves…)(figs and fig leaves…)

"And the Lord God planted a "And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden…garden eastward in Eden…

And a river went out of Eden to water the And a river went out of Eden to water the

garden; and from thence it was parted, andgarden; and from thence it was parted, and

became into four heads. became into four heads.

……The name of the first is The name of the first is PisonPison: :

……And the name of the second river is And the name of the second river is GihonGihon: :

……And the name of the third river is And the name of the third river is HiddekelHiddekel [[TigrisTigris]: ]:

And the fourth river is And the fourth river is EuphratesEuphrates (Genesis 2: 8-14).(Genesis 2: 8-14).

15 And the LORD God took the man, and 15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.and to keep it.16   And the LORD God commanded the 16   And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:thou mayest freely eat:17   But of the tree of the knowledge of 17   But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. surely die.

Genesis 2:Genesis 2:18   And the LORD God 18   And the LORD God

said, It is not good that said, It is not good that the man should be the man should be alone; I will make him alone; I will make him an help meet for him.an help meet for him.

19   And out of the 19   And out of the ground the LORD God ground the LORD God formed every beast of formed every beast of the field, and every the field, and every fowl of the air; fowl of the air;

1313thth C. Italian C. Italian

Genesis 2:Genesis 2:18   And the LORD God 18   And the LORD God

said, It is not good that said, It is not good that the man should be the man should be alone; I will make him alone; I will make him an help meet for him.an help meet for him.

19   And out of the 19   And out of the ground the LORD God ground the LORD God formed every beast of formed every beast of the field, and every the field, and every fowl of the air; fowl of the air;

1414thth C. altarpiece (Master Bertram) C. altarpiece (Master Bertram)

Genesis 2:Genesis 2:18   And the LORD God 18   And the LORD God

said, It is not good that said, It is not good that the man should be the man should be alone; I will make him alone; I will make him an help meet for him.an help meet for him.

19   And out of the 19   And out of the ground the LORD God ground the LORD God formed every beast of formed every beast of the field, and every the field, and every fowl of the air; fowl of the air;

M. C. Escher 20M. C. Escher 20thth C. C.

but for Adam there but for Adam there was not found an help was not found an help meet for him.meet for him.21   And the LORD 21   And the LORD God caused a deep God caused a deep sleep to fall upon sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;flesh instead thereof;22   And the rib, which 22   And the rib, which the LORD God had the LORD God had taken from man, made taken from man, made he a woman, and he a woman, and brought her unto the brought her unto the man. man.

but for Adam there but for Adam there was not found an help was not found an help meet for him.meet for him.21   And the LORD 21   And the LORD God caused a deep God caused a deep sleep to fall upon sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;flesh instead thereof;22   And the rib, which 22   And the rib, which the LORD God had the LORD God had taken from man, made taken from man, made he a woman, and he a woman, and brought her unto the brought her unto the man. man.

25   And they 25   And they were both were both naked, the man naked, the man and his wife, and his wife, and were not and were not ashamed. ashamed.

Hans Baldung Grien Hans Baldung Grien -- 1507 Uffizi -- 1507 Uffizi Gallery, FlorenceGallery, Florence

25   And they 25   And they were both were both naked, the man naked, the man and his wife, and his wife, and were not and were not ashamed. ashamed.

Seymour BottexSeymour Bottex

Haiti 1980sHaiti 1980s

Genesis 3Genesis 31   Now the serpent 1   Now the serpent was more subtil than was more subtil than any beast of the field any beast of the field which the LORD God which the LORD God had made. And had made. And he said unto the he said unto the woman, Yea, woman, Yea, hath God said, hath God said, Ye shall not eat Ye shall not eat of every tree of of every tree of the garden? the garden?

Genesis 3Genesis 31   Now the serpent 1   Now the serpent was more subtil than was more subtil than any beast of the field any beast of the field which the LORD God which the LORD God had made. And had made. And he said unto the he said unto the woman, Yea, woman, Yea, hath God said, hath God said, Ye shall not eat Ye shall not eat of every tree of of every tree of the garden? the garden?

Genesis 3Genesis 32   And the woman said unto the serpent, 2   And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:garden:

3   But of the fruit 3   But of the fruit of the tree which of the tree which is in the midst of is in the midst of the garden, God the garden, God hath said, Ye hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, shall not eat of it, neither shall ye neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. touch it, lest ye die.

Genesis 3Genesis 34   And the serpent said unto the woman, 4   And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:Ye shall not surely die:

5   For God doth know 5   For God doth know that in the day ye eat that in the day ye eat thereof, then your thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as and ye shall be as gods, knowing gods, knowing good and evil. good and evil.

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:6   And when the woman saw that the tree was 6   And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she one wise, she took of the fruit took of the fruit thereof, and did thereof, and did eat, and gave eat, and gave also unto her also unto her husband with her; husband with her; and he did eat. and he did eat.

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

7   And the eyes of them both were 7   And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they naked; and they sewed fig leaves sewed fig leaves together, and together, and made themselves made themselves aprons. aprons.

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

8   And they heard 8   And they heard the voice of the the voice of the LORD God walking LORD God walking in the garden in the in the garden in the cool of the day: cool of the day: and Adam and his and Adam and his wife hid wife hid themselves from themselves from the presence of the the presence of the LORD God LORD God amongst the trees amongst the trees of the garden.of the garden.

33rdrd Century Fresco Century Fresco

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

9   And the LORD God called unto Adam, 9   And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou?and said unto him, Where art thou?

10   And he said, I heard thy voice in the 10   And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.naked; and I hid myself.

11   And he said, Who told thee that thou 11   And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? shouldest not eat?

Medieval FranceMedieval France

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

12   And the man said, 12   And the man said, The woman whom thou The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.and I did eat.

13   And the LORD God 13   And the LORD God said unto the woman, said unto the woman, What is this that thou What is this that thou hast done? And the hast done? And the woman said, The woman said, The serpent beguiled me, serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.and I did eat.

14   And the LORD God 14   And the LORD God said unto the serpent, said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above all cattle, and above every beast of the above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thou eat all the days of thy life:thy life:15   And I will put enmity 15   And I will put enmity between thee and the between thee and the woman, and between thy woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his and thou shalt bruise his heel. heel.

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:16   Unto the 16   Unto the woman he said, I woman he said, I will greatly multiply will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy thy sorrow and thy conception; in conception; in sorrow thou shalt sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; bring forth children; and thy desire shall and thy desire shall be to thy husband, be to thy husband, and he shall rule and he shall rule over thee.over thee.

17   And unto Adam he 17   And unto Adam he said, Because thou said, Because thou hast hearkened unto hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the and hast eaten of the tree, of which I tree, of which I commanded thee, commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the thou eat of it all the days of thy life;days of thy life;

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

18   Thorns also and thistles shall it bring 18   Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;the field;19   In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat 19   In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. and unto dust shalt thou return.

Genesis 3:Genesis 3:

20   And Adam called 20   And Adam called his wife's name Eve; his wife's name Eve; because she was the because she was the mother of all living.mother of all living.

21   Unto Adam also 21   Unto Adam also and to his wife did and to his wife did the LORD God make the LORD God make coats of skins, and coats of skins, and clothed them. clothed them.

Fra Angelica 1400sFra Angelica 1400s

22   And the 22   And the LORD God said, LORD God said, Behold, the man Behold, the man is become as is become as one of us, to one of us, to know good and know good and evil:evil:

and now, lest he and now, lest he put forth his hand, put forth his hand, and take also of and take also of the tree of life, the tree of life, and eat, and and eat, and live for ever:live for ever:

Genesis 3: 23   Therefore the LORD God Genesis 3: 23   Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.the ground from whence he was taken.

MasaccioMasaccio1400s1400s(leaves (leaves added added in the in the 1670s)1670s)

Ingrid BachmanIngrid Bachmanconversation conversation

with Masacchio with Masacchio

24   So he drove out the man; 24   So he drove out the man;

and he placed at the east of the garden of and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.of the tree of life.

““Garden” motifs…Garden” motifs…

Central TreeCentral Tree

The Four RiversThe Four Rivers

The SerpentThe Serpent

14031403

So where is the garden?So where is the garden?

Bahrain?Bahrain?

Dilmun?Dilmun?

So where is the garden?So where is the garden?

Persian Gulf?Persian Gulf?

So where is the garden?So where is the garden?

Persian Gulf?Persian Gulf?

The Four Rivers…The Four Rivers…

1403 1403

The Four Rivers…The Four Rivers…

http://www.nunki.net/PerDud/TheWorks/Express/Paradise.htmlhttp://www.nunki.net/PerDud/TheWorks/Express/Paradise.html

The Serpent….The Serpent….

Aesculepius and Aesculepius and HygeiaHygeia

For serpent lecture…For serpent lecture…

Origin of the Medical Cadeuceus…Origin of the Medical Cadeuceus…

A vase dedicated A vase dedicated to Ningizzida to Ningizzida

(from Lagash, (from Lagash, perhaps perhaps 4000BCE)4000BCE)

LouvreLouvre

Origin of the Medical Cadeuceus…Origin of the Medical Cadeuceus…

Ningizzida was a Ningizzida was a fertility god. fertility god. Originally depicted Originally depicted as a serpent with as a serpent with a human head, a human head, Ningizzida Ningizzida became known as became known as a magical god of a magical god of healing. healing.

LouvreLouvre

Bruising the Bruising the serpent’s head…serpent’s head…

CarravaggioCarravaggio

The Madonna The Madonna and the serpentand the serpent

Serpent as symbol of good…Serpent as symbol of good…

AegeanAegean

Bangkok PortugalBangkok Portugal

Two views of the message Two views of the message of the Garden myth…of the Garden myth…

1. Woman is responsible for the descent of man 1. Woman is responsible for the descent of man from a state of grace to a state of sin.from a state of grace to a state of sin.– Eve as a symbol of weakness -- responsible for Eve as a symbol of weakness -- responsible for

bringing sin into the world -- never trustworthy againbringing sin into the world -- never trustworthy again

2. Woman is responsible for hauling herself and 2. Woman is responsible for hauling herself and her husband up from the state of the animals.her husband up from the state of the animals.– Eve as a symbol of courage – trading safety and Eve as a symbol of courage – trading safety and

protection for self-awareness and moral maturityprotection for self-awareness and moral maturity

Lilith, Adam’s first wife…Lilith, Adam’s first wife…