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The GEO Biodiversity Observation Network
Gary GellerJet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Boston University
Department of Geography
4 May 2009
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(c) 2009 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.
2
What is GEO BON?
Global network, and collaboration
Interoperating biodiversity observation systems
Collect, manage, analyze, share data on status of the world’s biodiversity
Scholes et al., Science 321: 22 August 2008
3
Overview
GEO and GEOSS
GEO BON
Implementation
Challenges
Next Steps
Sagra buqueti edof
4
Group on Earth Observations
Response to 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development
Global collaboration needed
Enhance interoperability
Voluntary partnership
• 79 governments + EC
• 56 participating organizations
Chiasognathusgranti
5
GEOSS
Global Earth Observing System of Systems
• Disasters
• Health
• Energy
• Climate
• Water
• Weather
• Agriculture
• Ecosystems
• Biodiversity
}9 SBAs
GEO BON
Living Planet Index, 1970-2000
WWF, WCMC
Why do we need GEO BON?
http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/
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Some components of a BON
Collection
Storage & distribution
Tools
Partnerships
Many observations…
but not fully utilized
Oxynoderamoczarski
8
Collecting observations
Many gaps
• Spatial
• Temporal
• Taxonomic
• Topical
Uneven coverage
Lack of coordination
Oxynodera distincta
9
Storage and distribution
Many systems
Many observations
Dispersed, unconnected
Little coordination
Sharing is difficult
Lack of system interoperability
Doryphora undata
10
Lack the full set of tools
Important capabilities missing
Capabilities not integrated
System-specific
Data utilization too difficult
Tools for working with data
Pseudomesomphaliaillustris
11
Integration across scales
In-situ observations RS observations
Sparse…but finely detailed Global…but spatially coarse
Cannot extract the full value from data
Need to combine in-situ and RS data
• Provide continuous and complete datasets
12
Partnerships
Collaboration
Coordination
GEO BON
Network of BONS
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1. Data collection coordination
• Global sampling framework
• Ecosystems, species, genes, ecosystem services
2. System interoperability
• Guidelines and coordination
3. New and coordinated tools
• Extraction, synthesis, & visualization
4. Stronger partnerships
GEO BON: A network of BONs
Community-le
d activitie
s
14
Focal areas
Quantifying and mapping drivers of biodiversity change
Recording impacts of biodiversity change
• Especially vital ecosystem services
Reporting biodiversity status and its changes
Leptinotarsa flavitarsus
15
Focal areas
Ecosystems
Species
Genes
Ecosystem services
Prosicela vittata
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History
2003: GEO forms
2006-2007: GEO BON established
• Concept Document drafted
April 2008: stakeholder meeting
• Blessed basic concept
October 2008: Implementation Overview
November 2008: GEO V Plenary
Concept
Scarabaeuspius
18
GEO BON
Community Network
In-situ Remote
Observations•Ecosystems•Species•Genes•Ecosystem services
Data Extraction & Visualization
Tools
End Users
Coordination& facilitation
Observational Needs
Observation Products•Maps•Status indicators•Change metrics•…
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Target users
Governments and agencies Parties to international conventions
Conservation organizations
Decision makers
Researchers
Public
Megistomelapunctatissima
Goals
Create inter-operable "system of systems"
Establish global clearinghouse
Assess state of biodiversity
Monitor change over time
Quantify and map the causes of change
Record the impacts of change
Provide ecological forecasts
Doryphorapyrrhoptera
Scope
Broad
Complete
Ambitious
Pachylomera femoralis
New
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What value will GEO BON add?
Global framework for detecting change
Coordinated observations
Improved information delivery
New assessment and forecast products, e.g.
• Global maps of ecosystem services
• Predicted areas of rapid degradation
End-end continuity
Gymnopleurus nitens
23
From raw physical data
To data processing
To information generation
To knowledge anddecision making
End-end continuity
To electronicdata
GEO BON must be
a community-driven activity!
Lamprima latreillei
Observations:Ecosystems, species, genes, and
ecosystem services
Doryphora undata
Ecosystems
Global maps
Terrestrial
Freshwater
Marine
Distribution
Extent
Condition
Chrysochroa buqueti
Ecosystems: Change
What
How
Causes
Consequences
Calodema kirbyi
Ecosystems
http://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/ecosystems/method.shtml
GEOSS Global Ecosystem Mapping Task: Geospatial approach
(terrestrial, US)
Species
Globally:
• How is distribution changing?
• How is abundance changing?
Coordinated global sampling scheme
• Eg. Pereira and Cooper, TREE, 2006
Select representative species
Sample periodically
Many gaps to fill
Requires capacity building
Species: Methods
In-situ sampling
Remote sensing
Modeling
Representative coverage
• Taxa
• Ecosystem types
• Geographic regions
Agelia petelii nigrita
Species: Which ones?
Genes
Important for…
• Small population sizes
• Large scale harvesting
• Large scale release operations
Observe genes and variability over time
• Selected species and genetic components
Chrysochroa ocellata
Genes: How?
Because genes and genetic diversity linked to…
• Species range
• Physical environment
Can infer change…
• From changes in range extent
or environment
Use RS and modeling
Leptinotarsa flavitarsus
Ecosystem goods and services
Quantify change using indicators
Goods
• Food and fiber
Services
• Clean air and water
• Waste disposal
• Pollination
Cladognatha confucius
Implementation
Oxynoderamoczarski
37
Implementation approach
Incremental
Opportunistic
Collaborative
Starting point: Topical Working Groups
Doryphora pastica
38
1. Map concepts to activities
2. Find regional and thematic partners
3. Together, create an implementation plan
Topical working groups
Alurnus ornatus
39
Topical working groups
Ecosystem change
Terrestrial
Marine
Freshwater
Species change
Terrestrial
Genetic change
Ecosystem services change
In-situ / remote sensing integration
Data integration and interoperability
40
Implementation
Concepts
Co
nce
pt
Do
cum
ent
TopicalWorking groups
Regional / thematicBONs and partners
Regional and localimplementation
Imp
lem
enta
tio
n
Concepts
Activities
41
Thematic partners
ILTER
GBIF
UNEP-WCMC
Space agencies
National wildlife / park agencies
NGOs
…
Callopistus castelnaudi
42
Possible regional partners
EBONE
Asia-Pacific BON
JBON (research oriented)
UK BON?
Southern Africa BON?
?
Alurnus bipunctatus
43
Early products
Product exemplars
• Populations & drivers of change
• Protected areas tools
• Ecosystems change maps
• Marine (Census of Marine Life)
Primary obstacle is funding
Pseudomesomphaliadecemguttata
44
Citizen Science
“Traditional” methods alone not adequate
Precedents
• Christmas Bird Count
• Breeding Bird Survey
• Feeder Watch
New efforts are needed
• http://whatsbloomin.com
Calodema wallacei
Funding
Mostly "in-kind"
Gap-filling
• Sampling
• Tools
Integrating and extending existing systems
Marginal cost relatively low
• Leverages base cost
Belinota sumptuosa
46
Challenges
Making independently developed systems work together
Ensuring appropriate incentives for partners
Filling in observation gaps
Integrating in-situ and remote sensing obs
Funding and resources
Homoderus mellyi
47
Next steps
Further engage biodiversity community
Facilitate regional / thematic BONs
Develop implementation plans
Develop funding mechanisms
Doryphora 21punctata
48
Cenistra dohrniNear Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Website: Google “GEO BON”
Thank you