The Geosphere (ecology jan.30 - feb. 3)

The GeosphereThe Geosphere

Ecology IEcology I

Mr. NettlesMr. Nettles

Class MottoClass Motto

Discipline fuels character!Discipline fuels character!

Character builds hope!Character builds hope!

Hope assures your future!Hope assures your future!

AnnouncementsAnnouncements

Review Day will be Thursday!!Review Day will be Thursday!!

Quiz will be Friday!!Quiz will be Friday!! The quiz will cover all material from The quiz will cover all material from last week up until Wednesday of this last week up until Wednesday of this week.week.

Remember to review your notes Remember to review your notes at least 10-15 minutes each at least 10-15 minutes each night!!night!!

Agenda- Monday, January Agenda- Monday, January 30, 201230, 2012

1.1. Warm UpWarm Up

2.2. “ “The Geosphere”The Geosphere”

3.3.Wrap Up (LIA)Wrap Up (LIA)

4.4.Draw and Label Diagram of Draw and Label Diagram of Earth’s Composition & Earth’s Composition & StructureStructure

Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives

DescribeDescribe the composition and structure of the the composition and structure of the Earth.Earth.

DefineDefine geosphere, crust, mantle, core, geosphere, crust, mantle, core, lithosphere, and asthenospherelithosphere, and asthenosphere

Warm Up (Jan. 30)Warm Up (Jan. 30)

1.1.How do nonrenewable and renewable How do nonrenewable and renewable resources differ?resources differ?

1.1.Define biodiversity. What does it Define biodiversity. What does it mean when we say “loss of mean when we say “loss of biodiversity”?biodiversity”?

1.1.Who or what is the major source Who or what is the major source of pollution to our environment?of pollution to our environment?

The Earth as a SystemThe Earth as a System

The Earth is an integrated system that The Earth is an integrated system that consists of rock, air, water, and living consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all interact with each other.things that all interact with each other.

Scientists divided this system into four Scientists divided this system into four parts:parts:

The Geosphere (rock)The Geosphere (rock) The Atmosphere (air)The Atmosphere (air) The Hydrosphere (water)The Hydrosphere (water) The Biosphere (living things)The Biosphere (living things)



Hydrosphere = Hydrosphere = all of the water on or all of the water on or near the Earth’s surfacenear the Earth’s surface

Most of this water is in the oceans and Most of this water is in the oceans and makes of 75% of the globe.makes of 75% of the globe.

Biosphere = Biosphere = part of the Earth where life part of the Earth where life existsexists

A thin layer at the Earth’s surface that A thin layer at the Earth’s surface that extends from 9 km above the Earth’s extends from 9 km above the Earth’s surface to the bottom of the ocean.surface to the bottom of the ocean.

It is It is made up of the geosphere, the made up of the geosphere, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere.atmosphere, and the hydrosphere.


GeosphereGeosphere = = solid part of the Earth solid part of the Earth that consists of all rock, the soils, that consists of all rock, the soils, and sediments on Earth’s surfaceand sediments on Earth’s surface

The geosphere is The geosphere is mostly located in the mostly located in the Earth’s interiorEarth’s interior..

Atmosphere = Atmosphere = mixture of gases that make mixture of gases that make up the air we breatheup the air we breathe

Nearly all these gases are Nearly all these gases are found in the found in the first 30 km above Earth’s surface.first 30 km above Earth’s surface.

The Earth’s InteriorThe Earth’s Interior

Scientist use Scientist use seismic waves seismic waves to learn to learn about Earth’s interior.about Earth’s interior.

The Earth’s The Earth’s CompositionComposition

Scientists divide the Earth into three Scientists divide the Earth into three layers: layers: the crust, the mantle, and the the crust, the mantle, and the core.core.

CrustCrust = = the thin and solid outermost the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle.layer of the Earth above the mantle.

The crust The crust makes up less than 1% of makes up less than 1% of Earth’s mass.Earth’s mass.

MantleMantle = = the layer of rock between the the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core.Earth’s crust and core.

The mantle The mantle makes up 64% of Earth’s mass.makes up 64% of Earth’s mass.


CoreCore = = the central part of the Earth the central part of the Earth below the mantle.below the mantle.


The Earth’s StructureThe Earth’s Structure

The structure of the earth can be The structure of the earth can be divided into five layers based on divided into five layers based on physical properties. Those layers are: physical properties. Those layers are: lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core and inner core.outer core and inner core.

LithosphereLithosphere = = the solid, outer layer of the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.and the rigid upper part of the mantle.

The lithosphere The lithosphere is divided into pieces is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.called tectonic plates.


AsthenosphereAsthenosphere = = the solid, plastic the solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the layer of the mantle beneath the lithospherelithosphere

The asthenosphere The asthenosphere is is made of mantle made of mantle rock that flows slowly, which allows rock that flows slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.tectonic plates to move on top of it.

Mesosphere = Mesosphere = the lower part of the the lower part of the mantle beneath the asthenospheremantle beneath the asthenosphere


Outer Core = Outer Core = a dense liquid layer made a dense liquid layer made up of super-heated molten lavaup of super-heated molten lava

Inner Core = Inner Core = a dense, solid inner layer a dense, solid inner layer made mostly of the metals iron and made mostly of the metals iron and nickelnickel

The inner core and outer coreThe inner core and outer core make up make up about 33% of the Earth’s mass.about 33% of the Earth’s mass.

Wrap Up (Jan. 30)Wrap Up (Jan. 30)

1.1.What was one fact that you What was one fact that you LearnedLearned today? today?

2.2.What was the most What was the most Interesting Interesting thing about today’s class?thing about today’s class?

3.3.How can you How can you Apply Apply or use the or use the information that you learned information that you learned today? today?


Ecology IEcology I






Agenda- Tues., January 31, Agenda- Tues., January 31, 20122012

1.1. Warm UpWarm Up

2.2. Sketch and Label DiagramSketch and Label Diagram

3.3.Short Video : “Why Earth Short Video : “Why Earth Science?”Science?”

4.4.Wrap Up (based on short Wrap Up (based on short video)video)


DescribeDescribe the composition and structure of the the composition and structure of the Earth.Earth.

DefineDefine geosphere, crust, mantle, core, geosphere, crust, mantle, core, lithosphere, and asthenospherelithosphere, and asthenosphere

Warm Up (Jan. 31)Warm Up (Jan. 31)

1.1.List the three layers that form the List the three layers that form the Earth’s Earth’s compositioncomposition and tell one fact about each and tell one fact about each layer.layer.

2.2.Which layer of the Which layer of the Earth’s structureEarth’s structure is is divided into huge pieces called tectonic divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates?plates?

1.1.Which layer of the Which layer of the Earth’s structureEarth’s structure is made is made mostly of mantle rock that flows slowly ?mostly of mantle rock that flows slowly ?

Sketching and Sketching and LabelingLabeling

1.1.You will sketch a diagram on the next You will sketch a diagram on the next slide, and you will add necessary artistic slide, and you will add necessary artistic features and colors. features and colors. Be Creative and Neat! Be Creative and Neat!

2.2.You will label the following: You will label the following: crust, mantle, crust, mantle, core, lithosphere, asthenosphere, core, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.

1.1.You will add no more that You will add no more that TWO factsTWO facts from from your notes about each feature that you your notes about each feature that you label. label. For exampleFor example::

Crust = thinnest outermost layerCrust = thinnest outermost layer = makes up less than 1% of = makes up less than 1% of

Earth’s massEarth’s mass

Diagram of Earth’s Composition & Diagram of Earth’s Composition & StructureStructure


Ecology IEcology I






Agenda- Wed., February 1, Agenda- Wed., February 1, 20122012

1.1. Warm Up – Warm Up – 10 minutes to 10 minutes to finish up diagramsfinish up diagrams

2.2. “ “The Geosphere”….cont.The Geosphere”….cont.

3.3.Short Video : “Why Earth Short Video : “Why Earth Science?”Science?”

4.4.Wrap Up (based on short Wrap Up (based on short video)video)


DescribeDescribe the Earth’s tectonic the Earth’s tectonic plates.plates.

ExplainExplain the main cause and effects the main cause and effects of earthquakes and volcanoes.of earthquakes and volcanoes.

DescribeDescribe how wind and water alter how wind and water alter the Earth’s surface.the Earth’s surface.

DefineDefine tectonic plates and erosion. tectonic plates and erosion.


Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

Tectonic platesTectonic plates = = blocks of lithosphere blocks of lithosphere that that consist of the crust and the consist of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle and rigid, outermost part of the mantle and glide glide across the underlying across the underlying asthenosphere. asthenosphere.

Continents are located on and move Continents are located on and move around tectonic plates.around tectonic plates.

Major tectonic plates = Major tectonic plates = the Pacific, the Pacific, North American, South American, African, North American, South American, African, Eurasian, and Antarctic platesEurasian, and Antarctic plates

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

Tectonic plates Tectonic plates may separate, collide, may separate, collide, or slip past one another producing or slip past one another producing large forces.large forces.

TheseThese large forces occur along the large forces occur along the plate boundaries plate boundaries andand cause:cause:

mountains to formmountains to formearthquakes to shake the crustearthquakes to shake the crustvolcanoes to eruptvolcanoes to erupt

EarthquakesEarthquakes

Fault = Fault = break in the Earth’s crust break in the Earth’s crust where blocks of the crust slide past where blocks of the crust slide past one anotherone another

Earthquakes Earthquakes are a series of ground are a series of ground vibrations that occur when stressed vibrations that occur when stressed rocks break along a fault.rocks break along a fault.

The Energy of The Energy of EarthquakesEarthquakes

Magnitude = Magnitude = the measure of energy the measure of energy released by an earthquakereleased by an earthquake

The The smallest magnitudesmallest magnitude that can be felt that can be felt is is 2.02.0, and the , and the largest magnitudelargest magnitude ever ever recorded is recorded is 9.59.5..

Magnitudes Magnitudes greater than 7.0 cause greater than 7.0 cause widespread damage.widespread damage.

Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

The majority of earthquakes The majority of earthquakes take place take place at or near tectonic plate boundaries.at or near tectonic plate boundaries.

Over the past 15 million to 20 million Over the past 15 million to 20 million yearsyears, large numbers of earthquakes , large numbers of earthquakes have occurred along the San Andreas have occurred along the San Andreas fault in Californiafault in California, where parts of the , where parts of the North America plate and the Pacific North America plate and the Pacific plate are slipping past one another.plate are slipping past one another.

VolcanoesVolcanoes

Volcano = Volcano = a mountain built from magma, a mountain built from magma, or melted rock, that rises from the or melted rock, that rises from the Earth’s interior to the surfaceEarth’s interior to the surface

Volcanoes are Volcanoes are often located near often located near tectonic plate boundariestectonic plate boundaries where plates where plates are either colliding or separating from are either colliding or separating from one another.one another.

The majority of the The majority of the world’s active world’s active volcanoesvolcanoes on land on land areare located along located along tectonic plate boundaries that surround tectonic plate boundaries that surround the Pacific Ocean.the Pacific Ocean.

Global Effects of Volcanic Global Effects of Volcanic EruptionsEruptions

Large volcanic eruptions Large volcanic eruptions contain contain clouds of volcanic ash and sulfur rich clouds of volcanic ash and sulfur rich gases.gases.

Those clouds Those clouds may spread across the may spread across the upper atmosphereupper atmosphere and reduce sunlight and reduce sunlight that reaches the Earth’s surface.that reaches the Earth’s surface.

Reduced sunlightReduced sunlight = decrease in average = decrease in average global surface temperature.global surface temperature.

The Effects of Wind and Water The Effects of Wind and Water ErosionErosion

ErosionErosion = = the process in which materials the process in which materials of the Earth’s surface are worn away and of the Earth’s surface are worn away and transported from one place to another by transported from one place to another by a natural agent such as wind and watera natural agent such as wind and water

Examples of Examples of Water Erosion:Water Erosion: Ocean waves erode coastlines to form Ocean waves erode coastlines to form cliffs or plateaus.cliffs or plateaus.

Rivers flow and carve deep gorges in Rivers flow and carve deep gorges in rocky landscape.rocky landscape.

The Effects of Wind and Water The Effects of Wind and Water ErosionErosion

Examples of Examples of Wind Erosion:Wind Erosion: Strong winds on deserts and beaches blow Strong winds on deserts and beaches blow soil away very quickly.soil away very quickly.

Strong winds erode soft rock such as Strong winds erode soft rock such as sandstone and hard rock such as granite.sandstone and hard rock such as granite.

Wrap Up (Feb. 1)Wrap Up (Feb. 1)

1.1.Why is Earth Science important? Why is Earth Science important? List two interesting reasons from List two interesting reasons from the video.the video.

2.2.What are the scientist call who What are the scientist call who study the Earth?study the Earth?

1.1.What are some the environmental What are some the environmental issues that humans will have to issues that humans will have to face or solve ?face or solve ?


Ecology IEcology I







Today will be a Make-Up Day!!Today will be a Make-Up Day!!

Quiz will be MONDAY!!Quiz will be MONDAY!! The quiz will cover all of the The quiz will cover all of the information from class this week and information from class this week and your diagrams.your diagrams.

Tomorrow, we will play Review Tomorrow, we will play Review Jeopardy!!Jeopardy!!

Agenda- Thurs., February Agenda- Thurs., February 2, 20122, 2012

1.1. Complete diagrams if you were Complete diagrams if you were absent and missed this absent and missed this gradedgraded assignment.assignment.

2.2. Complete Active Reading Complete Active Reading worksheet. This will be worksheet. This will be due at due at the beginning of class tomorrow.the beginning of class tomorrow.

3.3.Study for your test or work on A-Study for your test or work on A-Plus.Plus.



Ecology IEcology I







Monday will be your test Review Monday will be your test Review Day!!Day!! We will play Review Jeopardy!We will play Review Jeopardy!

Quiz will be TUESDAY!!Quiz will be TUESDAY!! The quiz will cover all of the information The quiz will cover all of the information from class this week and your diagrams.from class this week and your diagrams.

Today, you will complete a crossword Today, you will complete a crossword puzzle about plate tectonics, using puzzle about plate tectonics, using the Internet as a resource.the Internet as a resource.

““Active Reading” assignments are due Active Reading” assignments are due from yesterday.from yesterday.

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