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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2016, pp. 329–338 Article ID: IJCIET_07_04_028
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication
THE GEOTECHNICAL MAPS FOR GYPSUM BY
USING GIS FOR NAJAF CITY (NAJAF - IRAQ)
Asst. Prof. Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
Department of Civil Engineering,
College of Engineering, Babylon University, Iraq
ABSTRACT
In this research presents the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to production a
Geotechnical maps for gypsum for soil of AL-Najaf Governorate- Iraq. As well as description the
layer of soil. Geotechnical maps provide a powerful database and strong visual presentation of
geotechnical data. This research is performed in several stages that started with get a space map
and administrative boundaries of the study area then collect the data required for the research
from National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL) and AL- Mawal Company for soil
investigation. Then enter this data to the program (ArcGIS9.3) after determining their position
using a GPS. The total number of test wells used in this research (28) well them depth up to (6m).
Results obtained from this research stressed the possibility of producing Geotechnical maps for
gypsum in AL-Najaf. This Geotechnical maps can provide a description fast and easy access to
these properties such as gypsum.
Key words: Geotechnical Maps and Geotechnical Maps by Using GIS.
Cite this Article: Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj, The Geotechnical
Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq). International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp.329–338.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=7&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION
Geographical information systems (GIS) have developed over the years as a very important tool for
graphic representation of geospatial data. Geotechnical, geologic and hydrologic data as represented on
GIS based maps has put a great impact on civil engineering, especially in regards to how subsurface
geospatial data is communicated with clients and with people at large. GIS has evolved as the principal
technical communication medium over the last four decades because data represented in GIS formats can
be widely and easily disseminated through the World Wide Web. In this research will be used GIS
program (Geographic Information System) because it is suitable to the requirements of search. This study
will be discus some Geotechnical properties for soil of residential areas of AL-Najaf Governorate. This
Geotechnical properties are: Gypsum (gyp) and Soil layer description. The property that will be analyzed
by GIS is quality of gypsum other properties will be analyzed according to the result of lab tests as will
show later.
Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
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2. STUDY AREA
The studied area is located in AL-Najaf Governorate at the southwest of Iraq away from the capital
Baghdad at about 161km southwest as shown in fig(1). It has an area of 29000 Km2. It constitutes
approximately 7% of Iraq's total area .Its geographical area extends between longitudes (42º – 44
º45’)
Eastwards and (29º50’–32
º21’) latitudes Northwards by degrees system.
Figure 1 Location of Najaf City
The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq)
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3. DATA COLACTION
The data that used in this research took from the National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL)
reports and AL- Mawal Company for soil investigation. Data collected concerning to (28) test boreholes
are distributed randomly on residential area in AL-Najaf city; this test boreholes have depth up to (6 m).
4. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES
4.1. SOIL LAYER DESCRIPTION
Soil layer is one of physical soil properties. According to the data that collected, soil of AL-Najaf city is a
layered soil, this layers are: silty sand, clayey sand , gypsum and sand distributed randomly on the depths
as in figure (2) that shows some samples of boreholes in AL-Najaf city, the other boreholes are similar to
these bore holes approximately.
Figure 2 Samples of boreholes in Najaf City.
Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
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4.2. Gypsum (Gyp)
Gypsum is one important of engineering soil properties. In this research gypsum analyzed by GIS version
(ArcGIS 9.3). After entering the data of gyp in the program has been producing geotechnical color maps
represent gyp distributed to residential areas for each (1.5m) depth up to the depth (6m) as shown in maps
(1,2,…….., 4). Depending on these geotechnical color maps concluded the following: maximum gyp is
(16%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (434743.708,
3551172.550) and (435401.383 , 3550062.724), minimum gyp is ( 0.0397%) at Residential project north of
Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (431167.603, 3553844.353), (432893.999, 3553186.678),
(433181.732, 3551213.655) and substation gas power south of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the
coordinates (441537.333, 3538143.168). So by knowing the amount of gypsum in the region, we can put
the solutions to processing this problem when engineering projects constructed over the soil and determine
the quality of the cement used for foundations.
The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq)
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Map (1): Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (1.5m) from N.G.L.
Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
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Map (2): Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (3m) from N.G.L.
The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq)
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Map (3) Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (4.5m) from N.G.L.
Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
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Map (4) Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (6m) from N.G.L.
The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq)
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5. CONCLUSION
1. The introduction of the geographic information system (GIS) in the work concerning geotechnical
engineering helped in linking those properties to known and specific locations. This integration made it
possible to generate missing spatial data to cope with existing geographically referenced data and the
corresponding attribute information. It also resulted in the possibility of performing modeling and
simulation for specific requirement
2. Soil of Al-Najaf city is a layered soil, this layers are: clayey sand, silty sand, gypsum and sand
distributed randomly on the depths.
3. Maximum gyp (16%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates
(434743.708, 3551172.550) and (435401.383 , 3550062.724), minimum gyp is ( 0.0397%) at Residential
project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (431167.603, 3553844.353), (432893.999
, 3553186.678) , (433181.732 , 3551213.655) and substation gas power south of Najaf at depth ( 6m)
bounded by the coordinates (441537.333 , 3538143.168).
4. By knowing the amount of gypsum in the soil can be processing using the appropriate cement, as well as
to protect the foundation of buildings.
REFERENCES
[1] National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL).
[2] AL- Mawal Company for soil investigation.
[3] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ahmed Awad Matr Al-Abody, The Geotechnical Maps For Bearing
Capacity by Using GIS and Quality of Ground Water For Al-Imam District (BABIL - IRAQ),
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),2015.
[4] Mohammed Kazem Jawad Al-Khafaji, Cartography Representation of The Geographical Characteristics
of AL- Najaf Governorate, Submitted to Council Collage of Arts Athesis University of Kufa, 2012.
[5] Sharma, B., Rahman, S. K. and Saikia, B.D, Use of GIS Based Maps For Preliminary Assessment of
Subsoil of Guwahati City, Research, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, India,
2013.
[6] Al-Saoudi, N. K. S., Kadhim, M. M. and Ziboon A. T, Digital Geotechnical Maps of Basrah City Using
Geographical Information Systems Technique, Research, Department of Building and Construction
Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq, Eng. & Tech. Journal, 31(4), 2013.
[7] Anu K., Jyothypriya C.G. and Vijayalakshmi, T.S., Bore Hole Data Management and Analysis Using
GIS, Research, Department of IES, College of Engineering, Chittilappilly, Thrissur, India,
December,2013.
[8] Sharma, B., Rahman, S. K. and Saikia, B.D, Use of GIS Based Maps For Preliminary Assessment of
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Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 338 [email protected]
[9] Mustafa Hamid Abdulwahid and Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Application of Inverse Routing Methods to
Euphrates River (IRAQ). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 2013, pp. 97
- 109.
[10] Mohammed Mustafa Mahmood, Digital geotechnical map of Baghdad city Al-Rasafah side using GIS
and remote sensing techniques, A thesis submitted to the building and construction engineering
department university of technology, 2006.
[11] Mustafa Hamid Abdulwahid and Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Application of Inverse Routing Methods To
Euphrates River (Iraq). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 2013, pp.97–
109.
[12] Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Feasibility of Blending Drainage Water with River Water for Irrigation In
Samawa (IRAQ). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(5), 2013, pp.22–32.
[13] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ahmed Hameed Rustum AlRufaye, The Effects of Uniform Transverse
Magnetic Field on Local Flow and Velocity Profile, International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 7(2), 2016, pp. 140–151.
[14] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ahmed Awad Matr Al-Abody. The Geotechnical Maps for Bearing Capacity
by Using GIS and Quality of Ground Water for Al-Imam District (Babil - Iraq). International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(10), 2015, pp. 176-184
[15] Kadhim Naief Kadhim Al-Taee, Thair Jabbar Mizhir Al-Fatlawi and Zainab Falah Hussein Al-Barrak.
Lowering Groundwater in the Archaelogical Babylon City Using Underground Dams. International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(4), 2015, pp. 107–119.
[16] Ahmed Shehab Al-Banna, Dhahir Khalil Ali and Hamed Hassan Abdullah. Characteristics of Some
Geotechnical Properties of Pila Spi and Injana Sedimentary Formations, At Shaqlawa Area, North Iraq.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(6), 2013, pp. 252–260.
