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The German Marshall Fund
of the United States
Perspectives on Trade and Poverty Reduction Survey 2006
Brussels - 5 December 2006
Methodology
• When? Between 5 and 25 September 2006
• Where? - United States- Six EU member states
(France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, UK)
• How? Random sample of 1000 adults in each country. Weighted by demographic data. Telephone interview and face-to-face.
Positives
- Economic optimism up
- More favorable view of trade and globalization
Concerns
- Uneven benefits of trade
- Jobs and wages
- China
Policy priorities
- Skills and investment
- Aid (including aid for trade)
The German Marshall Fund of the United States Trade and Poverty Reduction Survey 2006
Outline
Economic ‘feel good factor’ remains low but trend is up
51%
30%
14%11% 12%
10%
41%
29%27% 26%
21% 20%
14%
20%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
UK US
GermanyEuropeSlovakia
Poland FranceItaly
Satisfied, 2005 Satisfied, 2006
70% 70% 72%67% 66%
54%
83% 82%76% 75%
71%66%
57%65%64%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Germany
Italy UK
Europe
US
Poland FranceSlovakiaFavorable, 2005 Favorable, 2006
Percentage of population more favorable toward
international trade compared
to last year
More favorable to trade this year than last…
13% 12% 4% 8% 5% 12% -1% n/a
51%47% 45% 46% 46%
34%
43%
61%
53% 53% 53% 52%49% 47%
41%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Italy UK
EuropeGermany
US
Poland FranceSlovakia
Favorable, 2005 Favorable, 2006
10% 6% 8% 7% 6% 15% 4% n/aPercentage of
population more favorable toward
globalization compared to last
year
…and more favorable to globalization
…but many ‘don’t knows’ on globalization
Overall Results
13%
35% 52%
Favorable, 2006Unfavorable, 2006Don't know
26%
25%49%
Favorable, 2006Unfavorable, 2006Don't know
18%
41%41%
Favorable, 2006Unfavorable, 2006Don't know
17%
31%52%
Favorable, 2006Unfavorable, 2006Don't know
United States
Poland Slovakia
Consensus on benefits of trade
…enables your countries’ businesses to access new markets for national
products?
…leads to lower prices and more product choices for consumers?
…makes the world more stable by putting people from different
countries in contact with each other?
Do agree that freer trade…
71%
78%
78%
72%
76%
82%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
United States Europe
Belief in a link between trade and democracy in developing countries
67% 66% 65%58% 58%
49% 47% 45%
26%21% 21%
25% 28%
14% 17%
49%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Germany
UK US ItalyEuropePolandSlovakiaFrance
Freer tradestrengthens supportfor democraticinstitutions
Freer trade weakenssupport fordemocraticinstitutions
73% 70% 67%63% 63% 61% 61%
55%
25%21%
28% 31% 34%28%
36% 38%
0%10%
20%30%
40%
50%60%
70%80%
Germany
UK
EuropeSlovakia
ItalyPoland France
US
Favorable Unfavorable
Contrasting views on foreign inward investment
Who benefits from trade?
55%
57%
70%
82%
82%
53%
55%
56%
83%
83%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
You personally
People in your country
People in poor countries
People in rapidly developing countries likeChina and India
Multinational companies
United States Europe
Positives
- Economic optimism up
- More favorable view of trade and globalization
Concerns
- Uneven benefits of trade
- Jobs and wages
- China
Policy priorities
- Skills and investment
- Aid (including aid for trade)
The German Marshall Fund of the United States Trade and Poverty Reduction Survey 2006
Outline
China: more threat than opportunity
70% 67% 66% 65%59% 59%
53%
44%
26%18%
28%22%
34% 33%
43%48%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
France PolandItaly
SlovakiaEurope
US
Germany
UK
The Chinese economy represents a threat
The Chinese economy represents an opportunity
France and America are leading trade skeptics (1)
12%
19%
24%
28%
30%
32%
35%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Slovakia
Poland
UK
Italy
Germany
US
France
Foreign investments in your country result in job losses
39%
44%
48%
50%
51%
58%
59%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Poland
UK
Italy
Slovakia
Germany
France
US
Freer trade costs more jobs than it creates
66%
56%52% 51%
46% 45% 42%46%
33% 35%
43% 43%44%
43%45%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
FranceUS
GermanyEurope
UK ItalyPolandSlovakia
Keep trade barriers to protect jobs Lower trade barriers to boost growth
France and America are leading trade skeptics (2)
Transatlantic worries on energy security
42%
44%
45%
46%
84%
46%
35%
54%
36%
77%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
United States Europe
Oil and gas
Food
Cars and other manufactured goods
Clothing and textiles
Computers, electronics and other high technology goods
Continental fears over trade and food quality and variety
72%65%
57% 57%
47%43% 42%
39%
50%55%
44%37%36%
32%25%
42%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
FranceGermany
ItalyEuropeSlovakiaPoland
US UK
Freer trade reduces food quality and variety
Freer trade increases food quality and variety
Immigration seen as bad for wages
64%58%
50%
43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
US
Europe
Unskilled workers
Skilled workers
Do you agree or disagree that the immigration of workers reduces the wages of your country’s unskilled/skilled workers (% agree)?
…but benefits to the economy
20%
35%
53%
55%
66%
44%
66%
52%
27%
43%
50%
54%
54%
57%
61%
62%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Slovakia
Poland
France
Europe
Germany
Italy
UK
US
Immigrant workerscreate newbusinesses that addvalue to the economy
Immigrant workerscontribute to thesuccess of industrieslike science,medicine, andtechnology
Positives
- Economic optimism up
- More favorable view of trade and globalization
Concerns
- Uneven benefits of trade
- Jobs and wages
- China
Policy priorities
- Skills and investment
- Aid (including aid for trade)
The German Marshall Fund of the United States Trade and Poverty Reduction Survey 2006
Outline
Shared views on how to face global economic challenges
53%
63%
68%
70%
94%
95%
46%
64%
72%
79%
93%
93%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
United States Europe
Invest in education and job training
Reduce taxes and regulation for businesses
Invest in new technologies
Make it easier for companies to hire and fire workers
Reduce barriers to international trade
Encourage foreign investment in your country
62%
53%47% 45%
36% 35% 34%35%39%
34%
48%
60%64%
51%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Germany
USPoland
UK ItalyFrance Slovakia
Helpful Not helpful
Do you think that making it easier for companies to hire and fire workers will be helpful or not helpful to your country’s economy?
Mixed views on ‘flexible labor markets’
3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 4%4% 3% 7% 5% 2% 6%
8%4%
4%10%
4%6%
7%
17%6% 10%
8%
9% 8%10%
8%
16%20%
22% 31%45%
42%
38%
67% 62%52% 50%
38% 34%25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PolandItaly UK
SlovakiaFranceGermany
US
The government
The company that lays offthe workers
Unions
Workers themselves
Don’t know/Refuse/Other
Charities and NGOs
Trade-related job losses: who picks up the pieces?
‘Aid for trade’ is a win-win
72% 74%
20% 17%
0%10%20%
30%40%
50%60%70%
80%
US
Europe
Providing aid that helpspoor countries trade willhelp our country’sbusinesses
Providing aid that helpspoor countries trade willhurt our country’sbusinesses
16%
37%
37%
34%
18%
30%
51%
56%
6%
27%
31%
33%
34%
38%
57%
66%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Gaining political allies
Contributing to global stability
Preventing breeding grounds for terrorism
Helping with natural disaster relief
Helping poor countries trade
Encouraging democracy
Fighting health problems like AIDS
Alleviating poverty
United States Europe
…but top aid priorities are still poverty and health