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The Gilded Age of AmericaPolitical Developments
1868-1896
The Grant Administration: 1868-1876
Credit Mobilier:
Railroad people made companyInflated prices, government moneyCongressmen and the VP took $
Black Friday:
Attempt to cornerthe gold market.
Grant allegedlyInvolved in keepingGold from beingSold.
Indian Ring:
Took bribes from businessessupplying goods to reservations
Secretary of War resigned
Corruption: The Era of Good Stealings!
The Growth of the Political Machines
Cartoons courtesy of Thomas Nast
Tammany Hall: Political Machine that ruled New York under the leadership of William Macy“Boss” Tweed.
DemocraticBloc
RepublicanBloc
White southerners(preservation ofwhite supremacy)
Catholics
Recent immigrants(esp. Jews)
Urban working poor (pro-labor)
Most farmers
Northern whites(pro-business)
African Americans
Northern Protestants
Old WASPs (supportfor anti-immigrant laws)
Most of the middleclass
GAR (Grand Army of Republic
The Two Political Parties during the Gilded Age
Gold vs. Silver and the Economy
Panic of ‘73
Overspending and over lending burstBanks went under
Battle of Soft Money vs. Hard Money
1875: Resumption Act led to pulling in more Greenbacks from circulation (deflation)
16 ounces of Silver was equal to 1 ounce of Gold (Legislative Decree)
Crime of ‘73: US government dropped coinage of silver dollars.
Compromise of 1877
Democrats agreed to accept Republican results from 3 contested states IF:
Withdrawal of ALL federal troops in SC and LA
End of Radical Reconstruction
Black Freedmen no more Union Army protection
Redemption for the South
Black America during the Gilded Age
Disenfranchisement
Poll TaxesAbolished in 1966 by the24th Amendment
Literacy Tests
Abolished in 1965 by the Voting Rights Act
Jim Crow in the South Come, listen, all you gals and boys, I'm just from
Tuckyhoe; I'm gwine to sing a little song, My name's Jim Crow.
Chorus: Wheel about, an' turn about, an' do jis so; Eb'ry time I wheel about, I jump Jim Crow.
I went down to de river, I didn't mean to stay, But there I see so many gals, I couldn't get away.
I'm rorer on de fiddle, an' down in ole Virginny, Dey say I play de skientific, like massa Paganini.
I cut so many munky shines, I dance de galloppade; An' w'en I done, I res' my head, on shubble, hoe or
spade.
I met Miss Dina Scrub one day, I gib her sich a buss; An' den she turn an' slap my face, an' make a mighty
fuss.
De udder gals dey 'gin to fight, I tel'd dem wait a bit; I'd hab dem all, jis one by one, as I tourt fit.
I wip de lion ob de west, I eat de alligator; I put more water in my mouf, den boil ten load ob
'tator.
De way dey bake de hoe cake, Virginny nebber tire; Dey put de doe upon de foot, an' stick 'em in de fire
Origin to Thomas Rice of NY
By the 1890’s Jim Crow Laws led to
crop-lien system of sharecroppingliteracy tests for votingvoter-registration lawspoll taxes
Homer Plessy
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
The Black Experience
Immediatism
From NorthHarvard educatedTalented Tenth/NAACP
Gradualism
From SouthFormer SlaveTuskegee Institute
WEB DuBois Booker T Washington
The Chinese: Builders of Railroads
“beefeater” vs. the “rice eater”
Kearneyites:
Anti-Chinese gangsMostly Irish
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Prohibited any immigrants from China to U.S
1871: L.A. riot, 20 Chinese dead1885: Wyoming, 28 dead,
75 homes destroyed1886: Seattle attempts to remove
ALL Chinese1887: Oregon, 31 Chinese gold miners
murdered, NO prosecutions
1898: U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark
Supreme Court ruled 14th Amendment guaranteed toall persons born in the U.S.
Jus soli over jus sanguinis
1880 Presidential Election: Republicans
Half Breeds Stalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine)
(New York)
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)
compromise
1881: Garfield Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and
Arthur is President now!
Pendleton Act (1883) Civil Service Act.
The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform.
Shot: July 2, 1881Died: September 19, 1881
Competitive Exams for federal jobs
End of Spoils System
The Populists
In your group do the following
1. Explain what the Populist Part was
2. List supporters and members of the Populist Party
3. Outline specific beliefs that the Populist Party promoted or stood fori.e. their platform
1884 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)
Mugwumps bolted to Democrats Rum, Romanism,and Rebellion
Cleveland’s Illegitimate child
1888 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)
1892 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)
Hayes Presidency
Compromise of 1877
Railroad Strikes Hayes calls in federal
troops
Garfield/Arthur Presidency
Chinese Exclusion Act
Pendleton Act
Cleveland Presidency Part I
Vetoes of Pension Bills
Lowers Tariff
Though the people support the government, the government should not support the people
Harrison Presidency
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
Billion Dollar Congress
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
of 1890
Homestead steel strike
Cleveland Presidency Part II
Panic of 1893
Plessy v. Ferguson
Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Loan from JP Morgan: 65
million in gold
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
Major Political Issues during the Gilded Age
Tariff:
Explain the forces in favor of a high tariff and the forces against a high tariff.Include both political parties and society in general from Cleveland (I) throughCleveland (II).
Money Supply:
Explain the pros and cons of bimetallism as well as inflation vs. deflation.Describe which segments of society promoted bimetallism. 1875-1896
Civil Service:
Explain how reforming the government job structure splintered the Republican PartyAs well as the final reform that was legislated to combat the decades old spoils system