THE GIPPSLAND LAKES IMPORTANT BIRD AND BIODIVERSITY … · A REPORT ON THE FIRST FIVE YEARS 2011 -...

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THEGIPPSLANDLAKESIMPORTANTBIRDANDBIODIVERSITYAREAMONITORINGPROJECT:

AREPORTONTHEFIRSTFIVEYEARS2011-2015 Photos:

Top,GippslandLakes,BrianMartinAboveleft,BlackSwan,KenSherringAbove,ChestnutTeal,ChrisHealeyLeft,MuskDuck,(C)IanWilson2016birdlifephotography.org.au

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Preparedby ChrisHealeyonbehalfofBirdLifeEastGippslandPublishedby BirdLifeEastGippsland POBox825Bairnsdale

Victoria3875April2017

AcknowledgementsThecontributionofmanymembersofBirdLifeEastGippslandtotheongoingsurveyeffortonwhichthis report is based is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks aredue tomembersof theGLIBAreviewpanel for their participation in the reviewprocess, and especially toDr LucasBluff, SeniorBiodiversityOffice,DepartmentofEnvironment,Land,WaterandPlanning,Bairnsdaleforadviceonprojectdesign,evaluationandinterpretationofdata.

Thanksarealsoduetolandholderswhoallowedmembersofsurveyteamstoaccesstheirpropertiestoundertakesurveys.

BirdLifeEastGippslandisaregionalbranchofBirdLifeAustralia,promotingtheappreciation,understandingandconservationofbirdsandtheirhabitats.

TheBirdLifeEastGippslandregioncoverstheEastGippslandandWellingtonShiresinVictoria’seast,andincludessomeofthestate’smostmagnificentwildernessareas.

ItencompassestheextensivewaterwaysoftheGippslandLakes,90MileBeach,theiconicSnowyRiverregion,extensiveold-growthforests,alpinemeadowsandthelastfree-flowingwildriversofsoutheastAustralia.

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THEGIPPSLANDLAKESIMPORTANTBIRDANDBIODIVERSITYAREAMONITORINGPROJECT:

AREPORTONTHEFIRSTFIVEYEARS2011-2015

INTRODUCTION:

The BirdLife East Gippsland ‘Gippsland Lakes Important Bird and Biodiversity AreaMonitoringProject’(GLIBAProject)commencedinthelatterpartof2011inresponsetoacallbythethenBirdObservationandConservationAustraliaforregionalbranchesto‘adopt’a local IBA (ImportantBirdandBiodiversityArea). IBAsare siteswhichare recognisedasimportantforbirdconservation inaccordancewithasetof internationallyagreedcriteria.TheGippsland Lakes IBA is one of 314 IBAs in Australia. TheGippsland Lakes are also aRamsarsite,designatedin1982underthetermsoftheinternationalRamsarConventionfortheconservationofwetlandsofnationalandinternationalsignificance.TheboundariesoftheGippslandLakesIBAfollowthoseoftheRamsarSite.

In September 2016 the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area program was merged withother global conservation interests under the title of Key Biodiversity Areas. All ofAustralia’s existing IBAs were officially redesignated as KBAs. For the purposes of thisreport,theoriginaldesignationofGLIBAwillberetained.

Theobjectivesoftheprojectareto:

1. Monitortheincidenceandabundanceofspecies identifiedas‘triggerspecies’fordeclaration of the IBA (i.e.wheremore than 1%of the global population of thespeciesmaybepresentinthearea),thesebeing:BlackSwan,ChestnutTeal,MuskDuck,FairyTern.

2. MonitorincidenceandabundanceofALL‘wetland-dependent’species.3. ContributesurveydatatotheBirdLifeAustralia‘Shorebirds2020’project.

The goal of the GLIBA project is to detect change over time in (a) the abundance ofindividual bird species, or (b) composition of the avifauna community (that is, themix ofspecies).

SurveysareconductedtwiceayearinJune-JulyandNovember-December.AsofDecember2015wehaveconducted9roundsofsurveys.Acoreof13siteshasbeensurveyedoneachoccasion,whilesomeothershavebeendiscontinuedforvariousreasonsandnewoneshavebeenadded.

During2016aworkingpartyconductedacomprehensivereviewthefirstfiveyearsofourGLIBA Project. As part of the review process, working party member Dr Lucas BluffundertookaPowerAnalysisof interimsurveydatatoassessthecapacityoftheprojecttoachieveresults.Thisanalysisindicatedthat:

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Ascurrentlyimplementedtheprojecthasthecapacitytodetect:

a. majorchangestothewholeavifaunacommunityofwetlandspecies(suchasa20%declineinspeciesrichnessormeanabundance)after5to10years,and

b. moderate decline (approximately 20%) in the abundance ofmore common speciesafter20to30years.

In the light of these comments on the project design and survey results the reviewconcludedthattheprojectshouldbecontinuedforaslongaspossibleandthatanychangesshouldbekept toaminimum inorder tomaximise thecontinuityofdata. The followingrecommendationswereapprovedbytheprojectreviewworkingparty:

1. ThatBLEGcontinuetheGLIBAProjectforatleast20years(to2031),andpreferablywellbeyondthatdate.

2. TheprojectshouldretainitsoriginalobjectiveofmonitoringwetlandbirdsoftheIBAwithspecialfocusontheIBA‘triggerspecies’:BlackSwan,ChestnutTeal,MuskDuck.

3. That BLEG actively encourage members and non-members to participate in theGLIBAProject.

4. Seek input from BLA National Office staff in developing survey and wetland birdidentificationskillsamongvolunteers.

5. Surveysshouldbeconductedtwiceayearat23designatedsites(listedbelow).6. Surveys should be limited to 20 minute counts from established static points

whereverpracticable.However,itisrecognisedthatitmaybeappropriatetoextendsurveys beyond20minuteswhere there are large concentrations of birds over anextensivearea,andthatobserversmayneedtomovefromafixedpointtoachieveanadequateviewofasurveysite.Inthesecircumstancessurveysmaybeextendedtoamaximumof40minutes,and/orobserversmaymoveuptoapprox.100mfromafixedpointtoobtainbetterviews.

7. VolunteerstobeencouragedtoparticipateinsurveysacrosstheGippslandLakesasawhole,toavoidbecomingassociatedwithanarrowsetofsites.

8. An annual report should be provided to BLEG members and other interestedorganisationsandindividuals;andacomprehensivereviewoftheprojectshouldbeconductedeveryfiveyears.

A summary version of the working party review document was published in The ChatnewsletterinDecember2016.ThiscurrentdocumentprovidesamoredetailedoverviewofprojectresultsfortheperiodfromNovember2011toDecember2015.

BACKGROUND:

TheGLIBAProjectcommenced inthe latterpartof2011 inresponsetoacallbythethenBirdObservationandConservationAustraliaforregionalbranchesto‘adopt’alocalIBA.AsEastGippslandBirdObservationandConservationweadoptedtheGippslandLakesIBAwithregular surveysofwetland-dependent species across the IBA,withparticular attention to

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‘trigger species’. Advicewas sought from the then Birds Australia IBA Project Officer onproject design, including selection of target species, survey methods and frequency ofsurveys. AdvicewasalsosoughtfromDrLucasBluffofDEPI (currentlySeniorBiodiversityOfficer, DELWP, Bairnsdale). The current project design and methodology has largelyfollowedthisadvice,withminormodifications.

Important Bird andBiodiversityAreas (IBAs – nowKeyBiodiversityAreas, KBAs) are sitesthat are recognised as important for bird conservation in accordance with a set ofinternationallyagreedcriteria.TheGippslandLakesIBAisoneof314IBAsinAustralia.

The Gippsland Lakes are also a Ramsar site, designated in 1982 under the terms of theinternational Ramsar Convention for the conservation of wetlands of national andinternational significance. Theboundariesof theGippslandLakes IBA follow thoseof theRamsarSite.AcomprehensiveEcologicalCharacterDescriptionoftheGLRamsarSite/IBAisavailable(DSEWPC2010).

In 2015 the East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority coordinated thedevelopmentofanupdatedRamsarsitemanagementplan.BLEGparticipatedasamemberoftheTechnicalAdvisoryGroupinthereviewanddevelopmentoftheplan(EGCMA2015).

TheIBAregularlysupports1%ormoreoftheglobalpopulationsofBlackSwans,ChestnutTeal,MuskDuckandFairyTern,whicharelistedasthe‘trigger’speciesfortherecognitionof the IBA. The IBA also supports significant populations ofmany otherwetland speciesincludingseveralofficiallyrecognisedthreatenedandendangeredspecies.

BecauseDEPI/DELWPhasbeenundertakingregularsurveysof‘smallterns’(includingFairyTern)acrosstheGippslandLakesformanyyearsitwasproposedthattargetingFairyTerninGLIBA surveyswould be an unnecessary duplication of effort. The ‘focus species for theGLIBA project are therefore: Musk Duck, Black Swan and Chestnut Teal. Nonetheless,insofar as the GLIBA project aims to record all wetland-dependent species, the projectincludesanyFairyTernrecordedduringGLIBAsurveys.

TheGLIBAprojectbuildsonbirdingrecordsacrossmanysitessince the foundationof theclub (as EGBOC) in 1982. In 2009 the club commenced a two-year project titled‘LongitudinalstudyofbirdcommunitiesofcoastalwetlandsandbeachesinEastGippsland’withfundsfromagrantundertheFederalGovernmentCommunityCoastcarescheme.Theaims of this project were to assess long-term dynamics in bird species diversity andabundanceandtocommunicateresultstoagenciesandthegeneralpublic.

Projectactivitiesincluded:1)digitisingpaperrecords;2)monitoringofwetlandsandbeach-nestingbirdsatselectedsites;3)analysisofdata;4)disseminationofresultstorelevantlandmanagementagencies,birdingenthusiasts,otherenvironmentalgroupsandthegeneralpublic.

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Monitoringconcentratedonwetland-dependentspeciesatsitesaspartoftheclub’sregularMondayoutings.Inaddition,quarterlysurveyswereundertakenattwositesatMacleodMorassandtwoatNyerimilang,involving20-minutecountsfromfixedpoints.ThegrantwasusedtopurchaseaKowaspottingscopeforuseinsurveys.GeneralknowledgebasedonEGBOCrecordsandthe2009-2010wetlandsprojectwasvaluableinselectionofsurveysitesforthecurrentGLIBAproject.

In 2012 the club designated our GLIBA project as a contribution to the BirdLife Australianational ‘Shorebirds2020’programme. ConsultationwithGoloMaurerandDanWellerofNational Office in 2013 indicated that our existing GLIBA methodology and timetable ofsurveyswasbroadlycompatiblewithShorebird2020guidelines.ThismeantthattheGLIBAproject could serve the two overlapping objectives of IBA monitoring and Shorebirdmonitoring without an increase in volunteer effort and without necessitating anymodificationofsiteselection,surveymethodologyandreportingprocedures.Itwasagreedthat GLIBA survey results would be submitted electronically in the form of Excelspreadsheets to the continuing Atlas of Australian Birds project. Once lodged, recordswouldbesharedbyAtlasstaffwiththeShorebird2020project.

In2013BLEGenteredintoaMemorandumofAgreementwiththeEastGippslandLandcareNetworkunderthetermsofaFederalgovernment-fundedprojecttitled ‘TheCareGroupsCaringfortheGippslandLakes’managedbyEGLN.Ourroleinthismulti-groupprojectwasto undertake regular surveys of wetland birds across the GLIBA and to collaborate withEGLNintheproductionofabookonbirdsoftheGippslandLakes.Grantfundswereusedtopurchase an additional three Kowa spotting scopes for the club. This ensured that eachmonitoring team had access to identical equipment for surveys at our GLIBA sites. Theresultingbookwaspublicallyreleasedinearly2015(EGLN2014).

In 2014 BirdLife Australia and (then) Victorian Department of Environment and PrimaryIndustrymadeasuccessful jointapplicationfor fundingtotheGippslandLakesMinisterialAdvisoryCommitteeforatwo-yearprojecttitled‘WetlandwildlifehotspotsandpopulationtrendsintheGippslandLakes’(hereafterreferredtoasthe‘GLMACproject’). ThisprojectincludedourBLEGGLIBAprojectasanintegralcomponent.TheGLMACprojectconcludedinlate2015withafinalreportpublishedin2016(BirdLifeAustralia2016).

SURVEYEFFORT:

Ninesurveysperiodshaveoccurredsofaratatotalof26sites.Participantshaveinvestedover170person-hoursoveratotalof161sitesurveys.Table1summarisesvolunteerinputtodate.Thirty-fourvolunteershavecontributedtoatleastonesurveyperiod,14tofiveormoresurveys,andsixtoallninesurveys.Inmostinstances,volunteershavetakenpartinsurveys atmore thanone site in any surveyperiod. It is encouraging to note a trendofincreasingvolunteernumberswithtime.Totalvolunteerperson-hourshavealsoincreased.

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Additional surveysoutside thescheduledbi-annual surveyshavebeenconductedatsomeGLIBA sites during regular clubMonday outings. Results of these surveys have not beenincorporated into the GLIBA data base at this stage, and numbers of participants andvolunteerhourshavenotbeenrecorded.However,theseoccasionsprovideanopportunityfor members of the club to experience survey activity and yield data to compare withregularGLIBAsurveyswhichmayhelpvalidationofthereliabilityofsurveyresults.

SURVEYMETHODS:

The initial planwas to conduct simultaneous surveys in asmany sites as practicable. Inpractice,thesmallnumberofvolunteersmeantwewerelimitedtofivesurveyteams.Wetherefore targeted five ‘key sites’ for simultaneous surveys,with an additional eight sitesdistributedamongthefiveteamswhichweresurveyedoncompletionofkeysites.

All sitesweresurveyedonthesamedaybyall teams,with5 ‘keysites’commencedatorabout0900,andothersitesvisitedthereafter.Therationaleforsimultaneoussurveyswastominimise the chance of double counting birdsmoving between sites and to achieve a‘snapshot’ofthedistributionofbirdsacrosstheentireGLsystem.

Survey teams have a minimum of two members. Initially, it was proposed that eachobservermakeindependentcounts/estimatesofbirdsseenandthattheseseparaterecordsbe forwarded to the project coordinatorwhowould thenmoderate discrepant results toarriveatafinalsetoffigures. Inpracticeitwasnotpossibletoimplementthisprocedureconsistently,withmostteamssubmittingareturnreachedbyconsensus.Inrecentsurveyswehavemodifiedrecording,with teammemberscollaborating in identificationofspeciesand counting/estimating numbers. Experience during GLIBA surveys as well as othermonitoringprojectsundertakenbyBLEGinrecentyearssuggeststhatthereisahighlevelofconsistencyintheabilityofexperiencedvolunteerstoidentifyspeciesandcount/estimatenumbers.Thus,itisdeemedunlikelythatthechangetosurveyreturnsbasedonconsensusbetweenparticipantshassignificantlycompromisedtherobustnessofdatagenerated.

By June 2013 it became clear that itwas not possible tomaintain simultaneous surveys,partly because it was increasingly difficult tomobilise all teammembers for a particulardate, and partly because variable weather conditions across the GL made conditionsunsuitable for surveys in some sites. Itwas also judged that the risk of double countingbirdsmovingbetweensiteswasrelativelylow.Furthermore,surveysareaimedatobtainingsite-specificdataforlong-termcomparison,ratherthantoextrapolatepopulationestimatesforparticularspeciesacrosstheGLsystemasawhole. Thus,possiblemovementofbirdsbetweensitesresultinginthesameindividualsbeingrecordedindifferentplacesandtimesbymorethanoneteamofobserversisnotamajorissueofconcern.

AstandarddigitalRecordSheet (Excel format) isprovidedto recording teamcoordinatorsforuse in the field,which includes fields formetadata: location,GPS,date, startandendtime, name of coordinator, number of participants; also fields for weather, simple

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descriptorsofhabitatconditionsanddisturbance,notesonactivitiesofbirds,evidenceofbreedingetc. TheformalsoprovidesspacetorecordparticipantsandsignaturestomeetOH&SrequirementsofBirdLifeAustralia.

REPORTINGANDRETENTIONOFRECORDS:

On receipt of survey results (variously in electronic or hand written form according topreferenceof teamleaders), theprojectcoordinatorentersdata foreachsiteonanExcelspreadsheetfilearrangedbyyearofsurvey. This ‘masterrecord’ isperiodicallysubmittedelectronically to the BirdLife Australia coordinator of the Atlas of Australian Birds,with acopytothecoordinatoroftheShorebird2020project.

All electronic survey records are filed in a GLIBA folder on the coordinator’s personalcomputer,withcopiessenttotheBLEGSecretaryandBLEGDropboxFolder.

ThefollowingprogressreportsontheprojecthavebeenpublishedintheBLEGNewsletterTheChat:

• ‘GippslandLakesImportantBirdAreaMonitoringProject:reportonthefirsttwelvemonths’,No.55,March,2013,pp.7-9.

• ‘ReportonGLIBASurvey,mid2013’,No.57,September,2013,pp.10-11.• ‘Gippsland Lakes ImportantBirdAreamonitoringproject: report on the first three

years’,No.62,December2014,pp.22-24.• ‘The2014GLIBAsurveys’,No.63,March2015,pp.10-11.

OthernewsletterarticlesrelatingtotheGLIBAproject:

• ‘Wetlandbirdsof theGippslandLakes: trendsover the last10years’,No.52, June2012,pp.4-7.

• ‘Wetlandbirds in theGippslandLakes ImportantBirdArea:diversityand reportingratesover26years’,No.58,December2013,pp.7-9.

SURVEYSITES:

Siteswerechosen to includea rangeofwetlandhabitatsdistributedalonga roughlyE-Waxisandknown ‘hot spots’ for target species (with theexceptionofFairyTern,whicharemonitored by Biodiversity Officers of DELWP). Choice of sites was constrained byaccessibility, being confined to public land with easy access by conventional vehicle andaffordingreasonablevisibilityofwetlandhabitat.(Thereisoneexception,withtheBossesSwamp South viewing point being on private land by arrangement with the landowner.)Unfortunately,ithasnotbeenpossibletoincludeanysitesalongthesouthernshoresofthelakessystemwiththeexceptionofLakeTyersandthewesternextremityofLakeReeve.

Thirteensiteswerechosenatthebeginningoftheprojectofwhich10havebeensurveyedoneveryoccasion(threewereinaccessibleduetoflood)(Table2). ThetwoHeartMorassWestsitesareessentiallythesamesite,viewedfromoppositevantagepoints.Ineffect,all

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13originalsiteshavethusbeensurveyedthroughoutthelifeoftheprojecttodate.Theseoriginal sites are referred to in this report as ‘core sites’ and are the focus of analysis ofabundancebysurveyperiods. Afurther12siteshavebeenaddedatvarioustimesastheprojectdeveloped.

These sites cover a range of major wetland habitats as defined by the Gippsland LakesRamsarSiteManagementPlan(EGCMA2015). Theareavisiblefromsiteviewingpointsishighlyvariable,rangingfromabout2haatBossesSwampNorthtoabout450haatJonesBayTheCut.Noattempthasbeenmadetoassessrelativespeciesrichnessorabundanceacrosssitesby standardising countdataby total areavisible fromviewingpoints; that is, surveydataatthisstagecannotbeusedtoestimatepopulationdensitiesacrosssites.

The11MainLakessitesvary fromsalinetobrackish,whilethe13FringingWetlandssitesrange from permanent freshwater (e.g.MacleodMorass), through temporary freshwater(e.g. Longford Swamp) and permanent brackish (e.g. Hollands Landing) to temporaryhypersaline(e.g.LakeReeve).

The suite of sites forms two distinct geographical clusters (seeMap), with Eastern Sitesextending fromLakeTyres toMacleodMorassandWesternSites fromVictoriaLagoontoSaleandTheHoneysuckles.Withineachclusterthereisarangeofhabitattypes.

It is important to stress that constraints on site selection mean that sites are neither arandomsamplenornecessarilyarepresentativesampleoftherangeofwetlandhabitats.Itis thereforenotpossible toextrapolate fromsitesurveydatatoestimatespeciesrichnessandabundanceacrossthelakessystemasawhole.

The23sitestobesurveyedfrom2016onwardsincludeallthoselistedinTable2for2015,withtheexceptionofLakeBunga,JonesBaySandIslandsandJonesBayNW,andwiththeadditionof anewsiteat SaleCommonWest (boardwalk). (Seealso legend for theMap,wherecontinuingsitesarelistedinboldtype.)

SPECIESRICHNESS,ABUNDANCE,FREQUENCYANDDISTRIBUTION:

Ninety-nine species of wetland-dependent birds have so far been identified across theGippslandLakes.ThisisaprovisionalfigurebasedonrecordscompiledbyBLEGfromclubsurveys,publishedsourcesandavarietyofotherreports. Thetotal includesvagrantsandhistoricalrecordsofspecieswhichhavenotbeenencounteredintheGLIBAformanyyears.Further searchofvariedsources, includingdatabases, is likely toyieldadditional species,butitisprobablysafetoregardthetotalnumberofspeciesthatmightbeencounteredoverthelifeoftheprojecttobeabout100.Somearesmallandcrypticspecies,notablycrakesandrails,withalowprobabilityofbeingdetectedfrommostsiteviewingpoints.

Forthisanalysistwosetsofdatafortheperiod2011-2015areconsidered:

1. resultsofallsurveys(n=161)acrossall25sites(referredtoas‘AllSites’),and

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2. results of the subset of surveys (n=114) conducted at the 13 original sites (‘CoreSites)’.Becausethesmallerdatasetpertainstothesameselectionofsitesoverthelifeoftheprojecttodateitprovidesamorereliablebasisforassessmentofspeciesrichness,abundanceandreportingratesovertime.

As theprojectdevelops in the future itwillbecomepossible to include furthersubsetsofsitesthatwereaddedafterthecommencementoftheproject,thusallowingforlong-termanalysisofdatapertainingtoanexpandedsitelist.

AcrossAllSitesatotalof71wetland-dependentspeciesand103,345individualbirdshaveso farbeenrecorded; forCoreSitesthefiguresare65speciesand77,075 individualbirds(seeTable10).Addingmoresitesoverthelifeoftheprojectappreciablyincreasedthetotalnumberofbirdsrecorded,butonlymarginallyincreasedthenumberofspecies.ThebulkoftheincreaseinbothmeasureswascontributedbythetwoadditionalJonesBaysites(SandIslandsandNorthWest).

Table 3 shows thedistributionof species and individuals by semester (see also Figure 1).Resultsare listed forall25sites (the twoHeartMorassWest locationsbeing treatedasasinglesite)andforthe13coresitesthathavebeensurveyedeverysemestertodate.Figure1 provides a graph of species richness and abundance for All Sites,while Figure 2 showsresultsfortheCoreSites,withbreakdownby‘winter’and‘summer’semestersinFigures3and4.

Figure1suggeststhattherehasbeenamoderatetrendof increasingspeciesrichnessandabundanceovertheprojectperiodtodate.ThesetrendsarestillevidentfortheCoreSites(Figure 2), but the increases aremoremodest. However, comparison of Figures 3 and 4indicatethatwhiletherehavebeenincreasingtrendsinspeciesrichnessandabundanceinsummer, thesearesubstantiallycounterbalancedby trends inwinter thathave fluctuatedmoresharply.

It is too early in the project to reach any firm conclusions. However, the available datasuggestanumberofpreliminaryobservationsoutlinedbelow.

Itisimportanttonotethatacomparisonofresultsbetweensemestersisnotalwaysvalid,becauseofthechangingnumberofsitessurveyedovertime.Forexample,totalabundanceisinfluenced,atleastinpart,bythenumberofsitessurveyed,andthereforeislikelytobegreater inmore recent surveyperiodsasmore siteswereadded. To control forpossiblebiases introduced by addition of more sites, comparisons between semesters should beconfinedtotheoriginal13coresitesthathavebeensurveyedineachsemester.

Figuresonthenumberofobserversandperson-hours(Table1)suggestnoclearimpactonthenumberofspeciesandnumberofbirdsrecorded.Thatis,currentobserver‘effort’and‘effectiveness’seemstohavebeenroughlystableovertime.

The number of species varies seasonally, being generally lower in semester 1(midyear/winter) than in semester 2 (late year/summer) – see Table 3, Figures 3 and 4.However,figuresinTable3indicatethataddingmoresiteshasresultedingreaternumbers

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of species being recorded (compare figures for ‘all sites’ and ‘core sites’). Thus,wemayprovisionallyinferthatseasonalfactorsinfluencespeciesrichness.Whileabundance(totalnumbersofbirdsregardlessofnumberofspecies)variesbetweensurveyperiodsthereisnoclearseasonalpattern.Inshort,variationsinabundancearelesslikelyattributabledirectlytoseasonalfactors.

TheaveragenumberofspeciespersiteisshowninFigure5andabundance(totalnumberofindividualbirds) inFigure6. Theaveragenumberof speciesacrossall sites is11,varyingfromalowof3.8forBossesSwampNorth(18surveys)toahighof20forJonesBaySandIslands (only two surveys). There is a substantial variation inabundanceacross the sites,withJonesBayTheCutandtheadjacentJonesBaySandIslandsaveragingwellover3000individuals per survey, while Bosses Swamp North supports the fewest number ofindividualswithanaverageof15.

Themost abundant species, with over 38,000 individuals recorded, is the Eurasian Coot.Table4 shows themostabundant speciesby rankwithnumbers inexcessofanarbitrarylimitof500individuals.AbundanceofIBAtargetspeciesareshowninTable5.

Reporting rates indicate the frequencywithwhich species are recorded. For example, areport rate of 1.00 indicates a species recordedduring every survey; a report rate of 0.5indicates a species recorded in half of all surveys. Report rates are an indication ofincidence(presence/absence)ratherthanoverallnumbers.Specieswithhigherreportratesare liable to be present at multiple sites over time; a high report rate is thus a roughindicationofaspeciesthatiswidespreadintheGippslandLakes.

Twosetsof report ratesareusedhere: the first is for the71species recorded in the161surveysacrossall26sites,thesecond is forthe65speciesrecorded inthe114surveysatthe13core sites. Table6 listsall species recorded in systematicorder,with report ratesshowninrespectofallsitesandcoresites.Themeanreportrateforall26sitessurveyedis0.12,andtherateforthe13coresitesis0.17.Thenumberofspecieswithreportratesatorabovethemeanforallsitesis29(40.8%ofallspeciesrecordedatallsites),andforcoresitesis21(32.3%ofallspeciesrecordedatcoresites).

Tables 7 and8 sort speciesby report rates for all sites and core sites respectively, listingspecieswithreportratesatorabovethemeanreportrateforeachgroupofsites.TheIBAtrigger species Black Swan and Chestnut Teal are the most and third most frequentlyrecordedspeciesrespectivelyinbothsetsofsites.Thereisabroadsimilarityofrelativerankinreportratesforotherspeciesbetweenthetwosetsofsites.ReportratesforIBAtriggerspeciesMuskDuck,BlackSwanandChestnutTealatcoresitesareshowninTable9.

Theprojectisnotdesignedtoassesscausalrelationsbetweenvariationsinspeciesrichnessandabundanceandecologicalconditions.Consequently,itisonlypossibleatthisstagetospeculateonthepossibledriversofvariations inthewetlandbirdcommunitiesacrosstheGLIBA. These are likely to be a combination of local factors (such as seasonal or othercyclical or stochastic changes in the ecological character of the lakes and their extensive

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catchment)and larger-scalechangesacrossvariable time-scales inecologicalconditions insoutheast Australia and theMurray-Darling catchment and beyond. A decline in speciesrichnessandabundancewithintheGLIBAshouldnotnecessarilybeinterpretedasindicatingperiodsofdiminishedecologicalhealthofthelakessystem,asitcouldbearesponsetotheavailabilityoffavourableconditionselsewhere.Similarly,anincreaseinspeciesrichnessorabundancemightbeasignofeitherhighlyfavourableconditionswithinthelakessystem,orofdecliningconditionselsewhereinthe‘normal’rangeofwidelydistributedand/ormobilespecies.

Atevenlargerscales,variationinecologicalconditionsatcontinentalandhemisphericlevelsmayalsohaveabearingonmovementsandnumbersofnomadicandmigratorybirdsintoandoutoftheGippslandLakes.

Data on a range of ecological variables such as hydrological factors, water quality, algalblooms etc. which may have a bearing on bird communities are gathered by variousagencies. Itmaybecomepossible in the future to explorepossible correlationsbetweenbirdpopulationdynamics and changes inother aspects of the ecological character of theGippslandLakes.

SPECIESOVERVIEW:

Thissectionprovidesabriefoverviewofabundancebysemesterandmeancountsbysiteofaselectionofmorecommonlyencounteredorabundantspecies.All29specieswithreportratesatorabovethemeanforallsites(Table7)areincluded.Thesespeciesrepresent:

1. most families of wetland birds present in the GLIBA: ducks, grebes, cormorants,heronsetc.

2. arangeofforagingniches:piscivore,invertivore,carnivore,herbivore,omnivore3. major habitat requirements: open water, shallow water, mudflats and margins,

freshwater,saline-tolerant4. variedgroupingbehaviourfrompredominantlysolitarytohighlygregariousspecies.

Severalotherspecieswithreportingratesbelowtheoverallmeanarealsodealtwithhere,being:MuskDuck,includedasitisanIBA‘triggerspecies’;andmoderatelyabundantand/orwidespreadmembersofotherwisepoorlyorunrepresentedgroups:Red-neckedAvocet(anoccasionally abundantnomadicwader), Red-cappedPlover (non-migratorywader), Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (the most numerous and frequently recorded long-distance migratorywader) and Golden-headed Cisticola (the most commonly recorded wetland-dependentpasserine). A total of 34 species, or almost half of all wetland species recorded by theproject,arethusdealtwithhere.

The abundance by semester andmean distribution by site of each species is graphicallyrepresentedinFigures7-74.Individualspeciessummariesfollow.Commentsontrendsinabundancereferonlytotheperiod2011-2015andshouldbetreatedashighlyprovisionalandsubjecttorevisioninthelightofavailablelongertermdataastheprojectcontinues.

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MuskDuck(Figures7,8)

Present in lownumbersmainly in eastern sites. Particularly associatedwith openwater,salinetolerant.Populationappearsstable,althoughpossiblyunusuallylargenumbers noted in 2015-1. Musk Duck are consistently reported in low numbersduringGLIBA surveys and at other times on scheduled BLEG surveys at additionalsitesacrosstheGippslandLakes. Onthebasisofcountdataforthelastdecadeormore it seems unlikely that the Gippsland Lakes regularly support a sufficientproportionoftheglobalpopulationofMuskDucktowarrantthecontinuedlistingofthisspeciesasa‘triggerspecies’fortheIBA.

BlackSwan(Figures9,10)

Thesecondmostabundantspecies intheGLIBA,moreabundant insemester2(allyears),with notably low counts in semester 1 of 2012 and 2015, butwith overalltrend of increasing abundance. Most abundant at eastern sites; fresh and salinehabitats.

AustralianShelduck(Figures11,12)

Lowabundancewithmajorspikeinsemester22015whenlargenumberspresentatJonesBayPhillipsLanesite.Insufficientdatatoindicatetrends.Moreabundantinsalinehabitats.

GreyTeal(Figures13,14)

Highlyvariableabundance;overalltrendismoderateincreasewithdeclinein2015.Mostlywesternsites,freshandsaline.

ChestnutTeal(Figures15,16)

Variableabundancewithmoderateincreasingtrend.Widelydistributedinfreshandsalinehabitatsbutmostabundantinfreshwaterswamps.

PacificBlackDuck(Figures17,18)

Variableabundancewithslightlydecreasingtrend.Mostabundantatwesternsites,especiallyfreshwater.

Hardhead(Figures19,20)

Variable abundancewith notable peak semester 2 2012. Declining trend. Mainlyeasternsites,salineandfreshwater,especiallylargerbodiesofopenwater.

AustralasianGrebe(Figures21,22)

Variableabundancewithincreasingtrendtosemester22012followedbyapparentdecline,butprobablyinsufficientdataavailable.Widelydistributedingenerallylownumbers,withhighcountsJonesBay2012.

Hoary-headedGrebe(Figures23,24)

14

Highlyvariableabundancewithoverallmodestincreasingtrend.Widelydistributedespeciallyineastern,mainlysaline,sites.

AustralasianDarter(Figures25,26)

Possibledeclining trendbutprobably insufficientdata. Moreabundant inwesternsites,salineandfresh.

LittlePiedCormorant(Figures27,28)

Fairlystableabundancewithpeakinsemester12012.Mostabundanteasternsites,saline.

GreatCormorant(Figures29,30)

Stableinsmallnumberswithmajorpeakinsemester22014duetoverylargeflock,TamboMouth.Easternsites,saline.

LittleBlackCormorant(Figures31,32)

Variableabundancewithparticularlyhighnumberssemester12012andsemester22013followedbycurrentlydecliningtrend. Mostly ineasternsites,predominantlysaline.

AustralianPelican(Figures33,34)

Stabletomoderatelyincreasingtrend.Presentatmostsitesbothfreshandsaline.

EasternGreatEgret(Figures35,36)

Decliningtrendinabundance.WidespreadacrossGLIBA,butmostnumeroussalinesites.

White-facedHeron(Figures37,38)

Decliningtrendinabundance.Widespreadbothsalineandfreshsites.

AustralianWhiteIbis(Figures39,40)

Highly variable abundance with increasing trend. Most numerous at MacleodMorass,wherelargerookery,activeinsemester2.

Straw-neckedIbis(Figures41,42)

Highly variable abundance with increasing trend. Restricted occurrence, mainlyfreshwatersites,notablyMacleodMorass,withlargerookery,activeinsemester2.

RoyalSpoonbill(Figures43,44)

Stable abundance to 2014with sharply increasing trend from semester 2. WidelydistributedacrossGLIBA,salineandfreshwatersites.

White-belliedSea-Eagle(Figures45,46)

Minorincreasingtrendinabundance.Moreabundanteasternsites.

15

SwampHarrier(Figures47,48)

Moderate increasing trend in abundance. More abundant western sites,predominantlyfreshwater.

PurpleSwamphen(Figures49,50)

Decliningtrend inabundancewithpeak insemester12013. Mostlywesternsites,freshwater.

EurasianCoot(Figures51,52)

Highlyvariableabundance,overallstable.Concentratedinafewsites,mostlysaline,especiallyJonesBay.

AustralianPiedOystercatcher(Figures53,54)

Variableabundance,overallstable.Easternsiteswithsandyshores,saline

Black-wingedStilt(Figures55,56)

Variable abundance with possibly declining trend. More abundant in western,predominantlysalinesites.

Red-neckedAvocet(Figures57,58)

Variable incidence, possibly declining trend, but insufficient data. Restrictedoccurrence confined to saline sites at Jones Bay and Victoria Lagoon/HollandsLanding.

Red-cappedPlover(Figures59,60)

Insufficient data to assess trends in abundance. Confined to sandy shores andmudflats,salinesites.

MaskedLapwing(Figures61,62)

Stabletomoderatedecliningtrendinabundance.Widelydistributedinmostsites.

Sharp-tailedSandpiper(Figures63,64)

Variable incidence and abundance, but insufficient data to indicate trends. Onlypresentatsalinemudflatsandsandyshores.

WhiskeredTern(Figures65,66)

Erratic incidence and insufficient data to suggest trends in abundance. Present insemester2oflastthreeyearsofsurveyperiodonly.Patchyincidencebothfreshandsalinesites.

CrestedTern(Figures67,68)

Probably stable abundance, with peak numbers semester 1 2013. Mostly salineeasternsites.

PacificGull(Figures69,70)

16

Probably stable abundance with peak in semester 1 2012. Mostly eastern salinesites.

SilverGull(Figures71,72)

Overall stable abundance with peak in semester 1 2013. Predominantly easternsalineandfreshwatersites.

Golden-headedCisticola(Figures73,74)

Probablystableabundance,butinsufficientdata.Moreprevalenteasternsites,bothfreshandsaline.

Table 10 summarises trends for each species. Of the 34 species listed, general trends inabundancecanbegroupedasfollows:

• steady/noclearchangeintrend:8species• probableincrease:9species• probabledecline:8species• uncertain/insufficientdataavailable:9species

Over thesurveyperiodpopulationsof IBAtriggerspeciesappear tohaveremainedstable(Musk Duck) or increased moderately (Black Swan and Chestnut Teal), with Fairy Ternrecordedonlyincidentally.

It should be stressed that trends identified here refer only to survey sites within theGippslandLakesanddonotnecessarily indicateanychange inabundanceat local leveloftheGippslandLakesIBAasawhole,thebroadercatchmentareaofthelakes,orevenlargerlevels such as southeast Australia. Thus, for example, species identified as in decline atGLIBAsitesmaysimplyhavedispersedfromsurveyedareastootherpartsoftheGippslandLakes,thewidercatchmentareaorevenfurtherafield.

CONCLUSION:

InbroadtermsthegoaloftheGLIBAproject istodetectpossiblechangesovertimein(a)theabundanceof individualbirdspecies (withparticularattentionto IBA ‘triggerspecies’)and (b) the composition (or mix) of wetland bird species. That is, the project seeks toanswer the questions: ‘are particular species becomingmore or less numerous?’, and ‘isthere any change in the composition of the wetland bird community?’ Ideally, thesequestionsshouldbeanswerablewiththequantitativedatageneratedbysurveys.

Anytrendssuggestedbythedataatthisfive-yearpointintheprojectmustbetreatedwithextremecaution;variabilityistobeexpected,anditisprematuretosuggestanyconclusivechanges in abundance of any species over the project period to date. Nonetheless, thefigures may provide at least a preliminary reference point for future comparison ofabundance of the selected species. It is too early to be able to determinewhether thechanging abundance shown in the figures are part of long-term increase or decline, or

17

representrepetitivecyclicalpatternsofgrowthanddeclineoflocal,regional,continentalorglobalpopulations,orarerandomfluctuations.

The uncertainties in interpretation of the data to date highlight the importance ofcontinuingtheprojectwellintothefuture.

It isalsoimportanttorecognisethattheprojectisnotdesignedinawaythatenablesanydetermination of the causes of any observed changes, which must therefore be onlyspeculative.

Theachievementsoftheprojecttodatemaybesummarisedasfollows:

• A developing data base of records of species richness and abundance of wetlanddependentbirdsacrosstheIBAemployingastandardisedmethodology.Recordsarecontributed to Birdata (ongoing Atlas project) and Shorebird 2020 program ofBirdLifeAustralia.

• Capacity-building in monitoring activities of BirdLife East Gippsland throughinvolvementofincreasingnumbersofvolunteers.

• Contributionof results toother environmental agencies and thewider communitythroughreports,commentaryandinvolvementofcommunitymembersinactivitiesofBirdLifeEastGippsland.

18

REFERENCES:

BirdLifeAustralia(2016)WaterbirdsoftheGippslandLakes:identifyinghabitatandbuildingconservationcapacity.Melbourne,BirdLifeAustralia.

DSEWPC(2010)GippslandLakesRamsarsite:Ecologicalcharacterdescription.Departmentof Sustainability, Environment,Water, Population and Communities. Available online: http://www.environment.gov.au/water/wetlands/publications/gippsland-lakes-ramsar-site-ecd

EGCMA(2015)GippslandLakesRamsar sitemanagementplan.Bairnsdale,EastGippslandCatchment Management Authority. Available on line:http://www.egcma.com.au/what-we-do/328/

EGLN(2014)BirdsoftheGippslandLakes:Caringfortheirhabitat.Bairnsdale,EastGippslandLandcareNetwork.

19

Table1:SurveyEffortbySemesterDate-semester

No.sites No.observers

Personhours

2011-2 13 13 13.02012-1 13 14 9.92012-2 13 11 10.42013-1 17 14 27.32013-2 21 16 22.32014-1 21 15 21.02014-2 23 17 23.82015-1 23 16 18.92015-2 24 20 30.7Total 26 34 176.3

20

Table2:SitessurveyedbysemesterSITE MegaHabitat 2011

220121

20122

20131

20132

20141

20142

20151

20152

LakeTyers(boatramp) MainLake X X X X X X X X XLakeTyers(entrance) MainLake/Beach XLakeBunga MainLake X X X X X ns X X XCunninghameArm,LakesE MainLake X X X X X X X X XNyerimilang MainLake X X X X X X X X XShavingPoint,Metung MainLake X X X X X X X X XTamboMouth EstuarineReaches/MainLake X X X X X X X X XJonesBayS(TheCut) Mainlake X X X X X X X X XJonesBayS(SandIslands) Mainlake X XJonesBayN(PhillipsLn) Mainlake X X X X X X X X XJonesBayNW Mainlake X XPointFullarton FringingWetland XBossesSwamp(Nthofhway) FringingWetland X X X X X X X X XBossesSwamp(Sthofhway) FringingWetland X X X X NsMacleodMorass FringingWetland X X X X X X X X XVictoriaLagoonNE FringingWetland X X X X XVictoriaLagoonE FringingWetland X X X X XHollandsLanding FringingWetland X X X X XHeartMorassLanding FringingWetland X X X X X XHeartMorassW(WetTrust) FringingWetland X ns X X X X HeartMorassW(LyonsRd) FringingWetland X X XMarleyPoint,LakeWellington Mainlake X X X X X XSaleCommon(Lookout) FringingWetland X ns X X X X X X XLakeGuyatt-LakeGutheridge FringingWetland X X X X X XLongfordSwamp FringingWetland X X X X X XLakeReeve,Honeysuckles FringingWetland X X X X X X X X XTOTALNo.sitessurveyed 13 11 13 17 21 20 21 23 24

ns=nosurveyconductedduetoinaccessibility.Coresitesinbold.NotethatthetwoHeartMorassWsitesaretreatedinthetextasthesamesite.

21

Table3:SpeciesRichnessandAbundancebySemester

Date-semester

No.sites1 No.spp(allsites)

Nospp(coresites)2

No.birds(allsites)

No.birds(coresites)

Meanbirdspersite(all)

Meanbirdspercoresite

2011-2 13 45 45 7274 7274 560 5602012-1 13(11) 30 30 7469 7469 679 6792012-2 13 44 44 8364 8364 643 6432013-1 17 42 40 9193 8666 541 6672013-2 21 53 47 11168 6074 532 4672014-1 21(20) 44 39 12549 11133 598 9282014-2 23 53 46 15757 11796 685 9072015-1 23 44 31 11250 3829 489 2952015-2 24(23) 59 47 20321 12470 884 959Total 26 71 13 103345 Notes: 1:Figsinbrackets=numbersitesactuallysurveyed.

2:Original13sitessurveyedeachsemester(seeTable1)(n=11in2012-1,12in2014-1,

Table4:MostAbundantSpecies(>500)byRank

EurasianCoot 38769BlackSwan 13858GreyTeal 7139GreatCormorant 5012ChestnutTeal 4896Red-neckedAvocet 3684SilverGull 2956Straw-neckedIbis 2955Hoary-headedGrebe 2634Hardhead 2626WhiskeredTern 2389LittleBlackCormorant 2387AustralianPelican 1436CrestedTern 1374FreckledDuck 1194LittlePiedCormorant 1136Sharp-tailedSandpiper 1117AustralianShelduck 917AustralianWhiteIbis 826Pink-earedDuck 825Black-wingedStilt 506

22

Table5:AbundanceandRankofIBATriggerSpecies

Species Number(Allsites)

Rank(of71)

BlackSwan 13858 2ChestnutTeal 4896 5MuskDuck 60 39FairyTern 2 64

Table6:Wetland-dependentSpeciesRecorded,2011-2015

Species

Total recordedallsites

Numbersurveysrecordedallsites(n=161)

ReportRateallsites

Numbersurveysrecordedcoresites

(n=114)

ReportRatecoresites

MuskDuck 60 15 0.09 11 0.10FreckledDuck 1194 6 0.04 BlackSwan 13858 126 0.78 95 0.83AustralianShelduck 917 30 0.19 19 0.17AustralianWoodDuck 49 8 0.05 4 0.04Pink-earedDuck 825 10 0.06 7 0.06AustralasianShoveler 329 10 0.06 8 0.07GreyTeal 7139 55 0.34 32 0.28ChestnutTeal 4896 100 0.62 73 0.64PacificBlackDuck 480 52 0.32 33 0.29Hardhead 2626 22 0.14 18 0.16Blue-billedDuck 2 1 0.01 1 0.01AustralasianGrebe 107 24 0.15 16 0.14Hoary-headedGrebe 2634 62 0.39 49 0.43GreatCrestedGrebe 46 12 0.07 11 0.10AustralasianDarter 50 22 0.14 11 0.10LittlePiedCormorant 1136 81 0.50 68 0.60GreatCormorant 5012 71 0.44 54 0.47LittleBlackCormorant 2387 82 0.51 63 0.55PiedCormorant 32 16 0.10 11 0.10Black-facedCormorant 22 5 0.03 5 0.04AustralianPelican 1436 113 0.70 77 0.68White-neckedHeron 4 4 0.02 3 0.03EasternGreatEgret 108 57 0.35 44 0.39IntermediateEgret 7 7 0.04 5 0.04CattleEgret 6 1 0.01 1 0.01White-facedHeron 358 77 0.48 50 0.44LittleEgret 17 11 0.07 6 0.05AustralianWhiteIbis 826 37 0.23 28 0.25Straw-neckedIbis 2955 21 0.13 16 0.14RoyalSpoonbill 112 22 0.14 14 0.12Yellow-billedSpoonbill 53 12 0.07 6 0.05

23

White-belliedSea-Eagle 27 20 0.12 15 0.13SwampHarrier 55 34 0.21 20 0.18PurpleSwamphen 416 35 0.22 22 0.19DuskyMoorhen 17 8 0.05 5 0.04EurasianCoot 38769 77 0.48 54 0.47AustralianPiedOystercatcher 72 27 0.17 24 0.21Black-wingedStilt 506 29 0.18 17 0.15Red-neckedAvocet 3684 13 0.08 5 0.04BandedStilt 350 2 0.01 1 0.01PacificGoldenPlover 1 1 0.01 Red-cappedPlover 395 14 0.09 9 0.08Double-bandedPlover 39 2 0.01 1 0.01Black-frontedDotterel 2 1 0.01 HoodedPlover 3 1 0.01 Red-kneedDotterel 169 8 0.05 5 0.04MaskedLapwing 341 79 0.49 56 0.49Latham'sSnipe 3 3 0.02 1 0.01Bar-tailedGodwit 57 7 0.04 5 0.04CommonSandpiper 2 1 0.01 1 0.01Grey-tailedTattler 2 2 0.01 1 0.01CommonGreenshank 5 4 0.02 2 0.02MarshSandpiper 1 1 0.01 1 0.01RedKnot 5 1 0.01 1 0.01Red-neckedStint 119 7 0.04 4 0.04Sharp-tailedSandpiper 1117 14 0.09 5 0.04LittleTern 442 14 0.09 3 0.03FairyTern 2 1 0.01 1 0.01CaspianTern 120 18 0.11 10 0.09WhiskeredTern 2389 24 0.15 10 0.09CommonTern 97 7 0.04 2 0.02CrestedTern 1374 45 0.28 33 0.29PacificGull 67 27 0.17 23 0.20SilverGull 2956 75 0.47 59 0.52AzureKingfisher 1 1 0.01 1 0.01Golden-headedCisticola 21 12 0.07 10 0.09AustralianReed-Warbler 14 10 0.06 8 0.07LittleGrassbird 16 9 0.06 9 0.08DomesticGoose 3 2 0.01 DomesticDuck 3 1 0.01 TOTALSPECIES

71 65

TOTALBIRDS 103345

24

Table7:AllSitesSpeciesReportRate,at/abovemeanrate(0.12)

BlackSwan 0.78AustralianPelican 0.70ChestnutTeal 0.62LittleBlackCormorant 0.51LittlePiedCormorant 0.50MaskedLapwing 0.49White-facedHeron 0.48EurasianCoot 0.48SilverGull 0.47GreatCormorant 0.44Hoary-headedGrebe 0.39EasternGreatEgret 0.35GreyTeal 0.34PacificBlackDuck 0.32CrestedTern 0.28AustralianWhiteIbis 0.23PurpleSwamphen 0.22SwampHarrier 0.21AustralianShelduck 0.19Black-wingedStilt 0.18AustralianPiedOystercatcher 0.17PacificGull 0.17AustralasianGrebe 0.15WhiskeredTern 0.15Hardhead 0.14AustralasianDarter 0.14RoyalSpoonbill 0.14Straw-neckedIbis 0.13White-belliedSea-Eagle 0.12

25

Table8:CoreSitesSpeciesReportRate,at/abovemeanrate(0.17)

BlackSwan 0.83AustralianPelican 0.68ChestnutTeal 0.64LittlePiedCormorant 0.60LittleBlackCormorant 0.55SilverGull 0.52MaskedLapwing 0.49EurasianCoot 0.47GreatCormorant 0.47White-facedHeron 0.44Hoary-headedGrebe 0.43EasternGreatEgret 0.39PacificBlackDuck 0.29CrestedTern 0.29GreyTeal 0.28AustralianWhiteIbis 0.25AustralianPiedOystercatcher 0.21PacificGull 0.20PurpleSwamphen 0.19SwampHarrier 0.18AustralianShelduck 0.17

Table9:ReportRateofIBATriggerSpecies

Species RateBlackSwan 0.78ChestnutTeal 0.62MuskDuck 0.09FairyTern 0.01

26

Table10:TrendsinAbundanceofSelectedSpecies,2011-2015

Species TrendMuskDuck StableBlackSwan ModerateincreaseAustralianShelduck InsufficientdataGreyTeal IncreasefollowedbymoderatedeclineChestnutTeal ModerateincreasePacificBlackDuck IncreasefollowedbymoderatedeclineHardhead MarkeddeclineAustralasianGrebe InsufficientdataHoary-headedGrebe ModerateincreaseAustralasianDarter InsufficientdataLittlePiedCormorant StableGreatCormorant StableLittleBlackCormorant ModeratedeclineAustralianPelican ModerateincreaseEasternGreatEgret ModeratedeclineWhite-facedHeron MarkeddeclineAustralianWhiteIbis IncreaseStraw-neckedIbis IncreaseRoyalSpoonbill SteadyfollowedbyincreaseWhite-belliedSeaEagle ModerateincreaseSwampHarrier MarkedincreasePurpleSwamphen DeclineEurasianCoot OverallsteadyAustralian PiedOystercatcher

Overallsteady

Black-wingedStilt InsufficientdataRed-neckedAvocet InsufficientdataRed-cappedPlover InsufficientdataMaskedLapwing SteadyfollowedbydeclineSharp-tailedSandpiper InsufficientdataWhiskeredTern InsufficientdataCrestedTern StablePacificGull StableSilverGull StableGolden-headedCisticola Insufficientdata

27

Figure1:SpeciesRichnessandAbundance,AllSites*A:NumberofSpeciesbysemester

B:Averagenumberofbirdspersitebysemester

*DatafromTable2.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

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100

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500

600

700

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2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

28

Fig2:SpeciesRichnessandAbundance,CoreSites*A:NumberofSpeciesbysemester

B:Averagenumberofbirdspersitebysemester

*DatafromTable2.

0

5

10

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2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

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2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

29

Fig3:SpeciesRichnessandAbundanceinWinter,CoreSites*A:Numberofspecies

B:Averagenumberofbirdspersite

*DatafromTable2.

0

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45

2012-1 2013-1 2014-1 2015-1

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30

Fig.4:SpeciesRichnessandAbundanceinSummer,CoreSites*A:Numberofspecies

B:Averagenumberofbirdspersite

*DatafromTable2.

42.5

43

43.5

44

44.5

45

45.5

46

46.5

47

47.5

2011-2 2012-2 2013-2 2014-2 2015-2

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2011-2 2012-2 2013-2 2014-2 2015-2

31

Figure5:AverageNumberofSpeciesbySite

Redbars=coresites

Figure6:AverageAbundancebySite

Redbars=coresites

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

LakeTyersBoatram

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BossesSw

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Morass

VictoriaLa

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VictoriaLa

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HeartM

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0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

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3000.0

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4000.0

4500.0

LakeTyersBoatram

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LakeTyersEntrance

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BossesSw

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Macleod

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VictoriaLa

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VictoriaLa

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Holland

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32

Figure7:AbundanceofMuskDuckbySemester,Coresites

Figure8:AverageAbundanceofMuskDuckbySite

0

5

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30

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

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LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

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Nyerim

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BossesSw

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VictoriaLa

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VictoriaLa

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HeartM

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LakeGuyatt-G

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geLongfordSw

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33

Figure9:AbundanceofBlackSwanbySemester,CoreSites

Figure10:AverageAbundanceofBlackSwanbySite

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

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VictoriaLa

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LakeGuyatt-G

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34

Figure11:AbundanceofAustralianShelduckbySemester,CoreSites

Figure12:AverageAbundanceofAustralianShelduckbySite

0

100

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300

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500

600

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.00

LakeTyersBoatram

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LakeTyersEntrance

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ne

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VictoriaLa

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LakeGuyatt-G

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ge

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35

Figure13:AbundanceofGreyTealbySemester,CoreSites

Figure14:AverageAbundanceofGreyTealbySite

0

100

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2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.0050.00

100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.00500.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

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VictoriaLa

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geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

36

Figure15:AbundanceofChestnutTealbySemester,CoreSites

Figure16:AverageAbundanceofChestnutTealbySite

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00

100.00120.00140.00160.00180.00200.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

37

Figure17:AbundanceofPacificBlackDuckbySemester,CoreSites

Figure18:AverageAbundanceofPacificBlackDuckbySite

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

38

Figure19:AverageAbundanceofHardheadbySemester,CoreSites

Figure20:AverageAbundanceofHardheadbySite

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

39

Figure21:AverageAbundanceofAustralasianGrebebySemester,CoreSites

Figure22:AverageAbundanceofAustralasianGrebebySite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

40

Figure23:AverageAbundanceofHoary-headedGrebebySemester,CoreSites

Figure24:AverageAbundanceofHoary-headedGrebebySite

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00

100.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

41

Figure25:AverageAbundanceofAustralasianDarterbySemester,CoreSites

Figure26:AverageAbundanceofAustralasianDarterbySite

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

42

Figure27:AverageAbundanceofLittlePiedCormorantbySemester,CoreSites

Figure28:AverageAbundanceofLittlePiedCormorantbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

43

Figure29:AverageAbundanceofGreatCormorantbySemester,CoreSites

Figure30:AverageAbundanceofGreatCormorantbySite

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

44

Figure31:AverageAbundanceofLittleBlackCormorantbySemester,CoreSites

Figure32:AverageAbundanceofLittleBlackCormorantbySite

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

45

Figure33:AverageAbundanceofAustralianPelicanbySemester,CoreSites

Figure34:AverageAbundanceofAustralianPelicanbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

46

Figure35:AverageAbundanceofEasternGreatEgretbySemester,CoreSites

Figure36:AverageAbundanceofEasternGreatEgretbySite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

47

Figure37:AverageAbundanceofWhite-facedHeronbySemester,CoreSites

Figure38:AverageAbundanceofWhite-facedHeronbySite

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

48

Figure39:AverageAbundanceofAustralianWhiteIbisbySemester,CoreSites

Figure40:AverageAbundanceofAustralianWhiteIbisbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

49

Figure41:AverageAbundanceofStraw-neckedIbisbySemester,CoreSites

Figure42:AverageAbundanceofStraw-neckedIbisbySite

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

50

Figure43:AverageAbundanceofRoyalSpoonbillbySemester,CoreSites

Figure44:AverageAbundanceofRoyalSpoonbillbySite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

51

Figure45:AverageAbundanceofWhite-belliedSeaEaglebySemester,CoreSites

Figure46:AverageAbundanceofWhite-belliedSeaEaglebySite

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

52

Figure47:AverageAbundanceofSwampHarrierbySemester,CoreSites

Figure48:AverageAbundanceofSwampHarrierbySite

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

53

Figure49:AverageAbundanceofPurpleSwamphenbySemester,CoreSites

Figure50:AverageAbundanceofPurpleSwamphenbySite

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.002.004.006.008.00

10.0012.0014.0016.0018.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

54

Figure51:AverageAbundanceofEurasianCootbySemester,CoreSites

Figure52:AverageAbundanceofEurasianCootbySite

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00500.001000.001500.002000.002500.003000.003500.004000.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

55

Figure53:AverageAbundanceofAustralianPiedOystercatcherbySemester,CoreSites

Figure54:AverageAbundanceofAustralianPiedOystercatcherbySite

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

56

Figure55:AverageAbundanceofBlack-wingedStiltbySemester,CoreSites

Figure56:AverageAbundanceofBlack-wingedStiltbySite

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

57

Figure57:AverageAbundanceofRed-neckedAvocetbySemester,CoreSites

Figure58:AverageAbundanceofRed-neckedAvocetbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00100.00200.00300.00400.00500.00600.00700.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

58

Figure59:AverageAbundanceofRed-cappedPloverbySemester,CoreSites

Figure60:AverageAbundanceofRed-cappedPloverbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

59

Figure61:AverageAbundanceofMaskedLapwingbySemester,CoreSites

Figure62:AverageAbundanceofMaskedLapwingbySite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.002.004.006.008.00

10.0012.0014.0016.0018.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

60

Figure63:AverageAbundanceofSharp-tailedSandpiperbySemester,CoreSites

Figure64:AverageAbundanceofSharp-tailedSandpiperbySite

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

61

Figure65:AverageAbundanceofWhiskeredTernbySemester,CoreSites

Figure66:AverageAbundanceofWhiskeredTernbySite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

62

Figure67:AverageAbundanceofCrestedTernbySemester,CoreSites

Figure68:AverageAbundanceofCrestedTernbySite

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

63

Figure69:AverageAbundanceofPacificGullbySemester,CoreSites

Figure70:AverageAbundanceofPacificGullbySite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

64

Figure71:AverageAbundanceofSilverGullbySemester,CoreSites

Figure72:AverageAbundanceofSilverGullbySite

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

LakeTyersBoatram

p

LakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

ga

Cunn

ingham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

th

Jone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

s

Jone

sBayPhillipsLa

ne

Jone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

E

Holland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(WetTrust)

HeartM

orassW

-LyonsRd

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

ge

LongfordSw

amp

LakeReeveHon

eysuckles

65

Figure73:AverageAbundanceofGolden-headedCisticolabySemester,CoreSites

Figure74:AverageAbundanceofGolden-headedCisticolabySite

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

LakeTyersBoatram

pLakeTyersEntrance

LakeBun

gaCu

nningham

eArm

Nyerim

ilang

ShavingP

oint

Tambo

Mou

thJone

sBayThe

Cut

Jone

sBaySa

ndIsland

sJone

sBayPhillipsLa

neJone

sBayNW

PointFullarton

BossesSw

ampN

BossesSw

ampS

Macleod

Morass

VictoriaLa

goon

NE

VictoriaLa

goon

EHo

lland

sLanding

HeartM

orassL

anding

HeartM

orassW

(Wet…

HeartM

orassW

-Lyons…

MarleyP

oint

SaleCom

mon

-Loo

kout

LakeGuyatt-G

utherid

geLongfordSw

amp

LakeReeve…

66

Map:GLIBASites

Key: Yellowpinsindicatecurrentandcontinuingsites(asofDecember2016) Redpinsindicatediscontinuedsites(includingthoserecommendedinthe2016reviewtobe

discontinued).Greenpinindicatesadditionalsitefrom2016onwards.

Siteslistedinboldarethoseselectedforongoingsurveysfrom2016.EasternSites:

1. LakeTyersBoatramp2. LakeTyersEntrance3. LakeBunga4. CunninghameArm5. Nyerimilang6. ShavingPoint7. TamboMouth8. BossesSwampSouth9. BossesSwampNorth10. JonesBayPhillipsLane11. JonesBayNW12. JonesBaySandIslands13. JonesBayTheCut14. PointFullarton15. MacleodMorass

WesternSites:16. VictoriaLagoonNE17. VictoriaLagoonEast18. HollandsLanding19. MarlayPoint20. HeartMorassLanding21. HeartMorassWest,LyonsRd22. HeartMorassWest,WetTrust23. LakeGuyatt24. SaleCommonLookout(RifleButts)25. SaleCommonWest(Boardwalk)26. LongfordSwamp27. LakeReeve,Honeysuckles

67

68

APPENDIX:SITECOUNTSBYSELECTEDSPECIESThefollowingtablescontainsurveydataforthe34selectedspeciesdiscussedinthesectiononSpeciesOverview,comprisingthe29specieswithreportratesatorabovethemeanforallsites(Table7)plusanadditionalfivespeciesofparticularinterest.Dataarearrangedbyspecies,andgiverawcountsforeachsitebysurveysemester,totalsof:numberofbirdspersemester(secondlastrow),numberofbirdspersite(lastcolumn);meancount:bysemester(bottomrow),bysite(secondlastcolumn).Thebottomcellofthelastcolumnshowsthemeannumberofbirdspersite;thebottomcellofthesecondlastcolumnshowsthemeannumberofbirdspersemester.

69

MUSKDUCK Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total

LakeTyersBoatramp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0LakeTyersEntrance

0 0.00 0

LakeBunga 0 0 0 0 0 ns 0 0 0 0.00 0CunninghameArm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0Nyerimilang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0ShavingPoint 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0TamboMouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBayTheCut 0 0 0 6 2 2 1 25 2 4.22 38JonesBaySandIslands

0 0 0.00 0

JonesBayPhillipsLane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBayNW

10 2 6.00 12

PointFullarton

0 0.00 0BossesSwampN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0BossesSwampS

0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0

MacleodMorass 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.44 4VictoriaLagoonNE

0 0 2 0 0 0.40 2

VictoriaLagoonE

0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0HollandsLanding

0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0HeartMorassW(WetTrust) 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00 0

HeartMorassW-LyonsRd

1 2 0 1.00 3MarleyPoint

0 0 1 0 0 0 0.17 1

SaleCommon-Lookout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0LakeGuyatt-Gutheridge

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0LakeReeveHoneysuckles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0TOTAL 1 2 0 6 2 3 4 37 5 6.67 60Mean 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.35 0.10 0.15 0.19 1.61 0.21

2.31

70

BLACKSWAN Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


12 0 6.00 12


60 650 355.00 710

PointFullarton


9 0 10 7 ns 6.50 26


200 6 10 9 25 50.00 250

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 17 0 3.40 17

HeartMorassLanding

18 0 0 0 6 14 6.33 38HeartMorassW(WetTrust) 70 ns 2 60 26 1000

231.60 1158


96 106 19 73.67 221MarleyPoint

0 80 0 2 0 0 13.67 82

SaleCommon-Lookout 4 ns 2 50 0 0 0 0 0 7.00 56LakeGuyatt-Gutheridge

4 0 6 0 2 1 2.17 13

LongfordSwamp


533.04

71

AUSTRALIANSHELDUCK Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 1 0.50 1


0 1 0.50 1

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


22 0 0 0 8 6.00 30

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 1 0 0.20 1

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 6 0 0 0 0 1.00 6


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


35.23

72

GREYTEAL Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0

LakeBunga 0 0 0 0 0 NS 0 0 0 0.00 0CunninghameArm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0.44 4Nyerimilang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0ShavingPoint 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0TamboMouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBayTheCut 0 0 0 0 12 0 20 0 0 3.56 32JonesBaySandIslands

0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton

0 0 0.00 0BossesSwampN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0BossesSwampS

0 5 0 20 NS 6.25 25


400 0 0 0 12 82.40 412

VictoriaLagoonE


1700 90 437 32 0 451.80 2259

HeartMorassLanding

0 4 20 80 0 27 21.83 131HeartMorassW(WetTrust) 0 NS 750 0 0 400

230.00 1150


60 440 7 169.00 507MarleyPoint

0 0 0 2 170 2 29.00 174

SaleCommon-Lookout 6 NS 0 80 0 6 5 0 5 12.75 102LakeGuyatt-Gutheridge

0 0 20 21 0 2 7.17 43

LongfordSwamp


274.58

73

CHESTNUTTEAL Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


3 0 1.50 3


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 2 140 ns 35.50 142


20 0 0 60 0 16.00 80

VictoriaLagoonE


6 20 34 10 30 20.00 100

HeartMorassLanding


61.20 306



14 60 9 0 38 21 23.67 142


16 4 10 0 0 0 5.00 30

LongfordSwamp


188.31

74

PACIFICBLACKDUCK Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


2 0 1.00 2


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


1.00 5



2 2 2 2 0 0 1.33 8


0 2 5 3 4 5 3.17 19

LongfordSwamp


18.46

75

HARDHEAD Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 NS 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 82 16.40 82

HeartMorassLanding


0.80 4



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 2 0.33 2

LongfordSwamp


101.00

76

AUSTRALASIANGREBE Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0

LakeBunga 0 0 13 0 0 ns 0 0 0 1.63 13CunninghameArm 0 3 12

0 0 0 0 0 1.88 15

Nyerimilang 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.89 8ShavingPoint 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0TamboMouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBayTheCut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBaySandIslands

0 0 0.00 0


20 0 10.00 20

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.40 2



3 0 10 0 0 0 2.17 13


0 0 2 0 4 0 1.00 6

LongfordSwamp


4.88

77

HOARY-HEADEDGREBE Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


12 0 6.00 12


20 0 10.00 20

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 NS 0.00 0


0 70 39 60 0 33.80 169

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 6 0 1.20 6

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 0 0 12 0 2.00 12


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


100.77

78

AUSTRALASIANDARTER Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


3 0 0 0 ns 0.75 3


1 0 0 0 0 0.20 1

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



3 4 3 0 1 0 1.83 11


2 0 2 0 0 0 0.67 4

LongfordSwamp


1.92

79

LITTLEPIEDCORMORANT Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


8 0 4.00 8


1 1 1.00 2

PointFullarton


0 1 0 0 ns 0.25 1


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 1 0 1 0 0.40 2

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



2 0 0 0 3 1 1.00 6


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


41.31

80

GREATCORMORANT Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


70 2 36.00 72


1 0 0.50 1

PointFullarton


2 0 0 0 NS 0.50 2


0 0 0 7 21 5.60 28

VictoriaLagoonE


0 1 4 3 3 2.20 11

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 1 0 0 0 0.17 1


2 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 2

LongfordSwamp


193.12

81

LITTLEBLACKCORMORANT Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


9 9.00 9


26 5 15.50 31


1 6 3.50 7

PointFullarton


1 5 6 0 NS 3.00 12


0 0 0 0 15 3.00 15

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 3 0 0 0.60 3

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 1 7 0 1 9 3.00 18


0 0 3 0 0 2 0.83 5

LongfordSwamp


91.54

82

AUSTRALIANPELICAN Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


14 14.00 14


30 30 30.00 60


30 7 18.50 37

PointFullarton


0 6 1 1 ns 2.00 8


0 1 1 0 0 0.40 2

VictoriaLagoonE


28 0 9 5 12 10.80 54

HeartMorassLanding


0.60 3



29 30 0 6 1 13 13.17 79


6 5 5 0 1 4 3.50 21

LongfordSwamp


55.50

83

EASTERNGREATEGRET Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 1 0 0 ns 0.25 1


0 3 6 4 3 3.20 16

VictoriaLagoonE


1 0 2 0 1 0.80 4

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 0 0 1 0 0.17 1


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


4.08

84

WHITE-FACEDHERON Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


1 1.00 1


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


3 0 7 1 ns 2.75 11


1 1 1 1 0 0.80 4

VictoriaLagoonE


3 0 6 1 1 2.20 11

HeartMorassLanding


0.80 4



4 2 3 0 2 1 2.00 12


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


13.73

85

AUSTRALIANWHITEIBIS Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


12 0 4 3 ns 4.75 19


0 3 0 6 0 1.80 9

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


5.00 25



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 4 0 3 1.17 7

LongfordSwamp


31.77

86

STRAW-NECKEDIBIS Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


150 6 7 0 ns 40.75 163


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


24.00 120



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


113.65

87

ROYALSPOONBILL Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 8 ns 2.00 8


0 12 0 2 0 2.80 14

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.60 3



0 2 0 8 0 8 3.00 18


0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17 1

LongfordSwamp


4.88

88

WHITE-BELLIEDSEAEAGLE Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 2 1.00 2

JonesBayPhillipsLane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.22 2JonesBayNW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0PointFullarton

0 0.00 0

BossesSwampN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0BossesSwampS

0 0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


2 0 0 1 0 0.60 3

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 1 0 0 1 0.33 2


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


1.00

89

SWAMPHARRIER Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


2 0 1.00 2


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


1 0 0 0 ns 0.25 1


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


1 0 0 0 0 0.20 1

HeartMorassLanding


0.40 2



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


2.12

90

PURPLESWAMPHEN Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 2 0 0 ns 0.50 2


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 1 0 0 0 0.20 1

HeartMorassLanding


6.00 30



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


4 4 20 0 3 7 6.33 38

LongfordSwamp


16.04

91

EURASIANCOOT Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


5000 2400 3700.00 7400

PointFullarton


40 3 0 0 ns 10.75 43


1200 0 0 0 0 240.00 1200

VictoriaLagoonE


30 0 0 0 0 6.00 30

HeartMorassLanding


98.33 590



5 0 10 12 2 4 5.50 33


26 40 10 20 25 26 24.50 147

LongfordSwamp


1500.96

92

0

AUSTRALIANPIEDOYSTERCATCHER Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total

LakeTyersBoatramp 2 4 3

4 2 4 0 4 2.88 23LakeTyersEntrance

2 2.00 2


2 4 3.00 6


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


2.69

93

BLACK-WINGEDSTILT Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0

LakeBunga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0CunninghameArm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0Nyerimilang 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0ShavingPoint 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0TamboMouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0JonesBayTheCut 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 30 0 3.56 32JonesBaySandIslands

0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 17 ns 4.25 17


0 2 0 1 21 4.80 24

VictoriaLagoonE


19 27 38 0 20 20.80 104

HeartMorassLanding


4.00 20



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


19.46

94

RED-NECKEDAVOCET Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


250 1000 625.00 1250


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 12 0 0 2.40 12

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 321 0 0 64.20 321

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


141.69

95

RED-CAPPEDPLOVER Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


7 7.00 7


26 35 30.50 61


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 25 0 0 0 5.00 25

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 3 0 0 0 0 0.50 3


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


15.19

96

MASKEDLAPWING Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


2 6 4.00 8


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


2 0 3 2 ns 1.75 7


0 0 4 2 2 1.60 8

VictoriaLagoonE


3 3 0 1 4 2.20 11

HeartMorassLanding


5.20 26



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


2 8 0 0 0 3 2.17 13

LongfordSwamp


13.0

97

SHARP-TAILEDSANDPIPER Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 170 85.00 170


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 2 0 ns 0.50 2


0 0 2 0 0 0.40 2

VictoriaLagoonE


3 0 8 0 7 3.60 18

HeartMorassLanding


1.20 6



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


42.96

98

WHISKEREDTERN Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 350 175.00 350


0 10 5.00 10

PointFullarton


30 0 0 0 ns 7.50 30


0 0 21 0 70 18.20 91

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 2 0 20 4.40 22

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0


300 0 350 216.67 650MarleyPoint

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 7 1.17 7

LongfordSwamp

0 50 0 250

200 100.00 500LakeReeveHoneysuckles 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0.33 3TOTAL 0 0 0 0 206 0 1105 0 1078 265.44 2389Mean 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.81 0.00 52.62 0.00 44.92

91.88

99

CRESTEDTERN Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


7 7.00 7


2 75 38.50 77


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 1 0 0.20 1

VictoriaLagoonE


2 20 0 5 3 6.00 30

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



15 0 60 0 36 0 18.50 111


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


52.85

100

PACIFICGULL Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


5 5.00 5


4 0 2.00 4


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


1 0 1 0 0 0.40 2

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp


2.58

101

SILVERGULL Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


15 15.00 15


70 200 135.00 270


0 0 0.00 0

PointFullarton


0 1 0 0 ns 0.25 1


0 0 52 0 0 10.40 52

VictoriaLagoonE


3 3 5 1 6 3.60 18

HeartMorassLanding


0.00 0



1 10 0 0 0 0 1.83 11


0 0 0 9 7 32 8.00 48

LongfordSwamp


113.46

102

GOLDEN-HEADEDCISTICOLA Site 2011-2 2012-1 2012-2 2013-1 2013-2 2014-1 2014-2 2015-1 2015-2 Mean Total


0 0.00 0


0 0 0.00 0


0 2 1.00 2

PointFullarton


0 0 0 0 ns 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

VictoriaLagoonE


0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

HeartMorassLanding


0.20 1



0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0

LongfordSwamp

0 0 0 2 0

0.40 2LakeReeveHoneysuckles 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.67 6TOTAL 3 0 3 6 2 0 3 0 4 2.33 21Mean 0.23 0.00 0.23 0.35 0.10 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.17

0.81

Date post:	21-Jun-2020
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THE GIPPSLAND LAKES IMPORTANT BIRD AND BIODIVERSITY … · A REPORT ON THE FIRST FIVE YEARS 2011 -...

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